In the present investigation, treatment of textile effluent using an electrochemical technique was designed and analyzed using the Box-Behnken method. The influence of individual parameters on electro-oxidation of textile effluent has been critically examined using the response surface method (RSM), and a quadratic model for chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction has been developed. It has been observed from the present analysis that the predicted values are in good agreement with experimental data with a correlation coefficient of 0.945. 相似文献
Groundwater is the most prioritized water source in India and plays an indispensable role in India's economy. The groundwater potential mapping is key to the sustainable groundwater development and management. A hybrid methodology is applied to delineate potential groundwater zones based on remote sensing, geographical information systems(GIS) and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) as on multicriteria decision making. For the purpose of demonstrating field application, Chittar watershed, Tamilnadu, India is studied as an example. The important morphological characteristics considered in the study are lithology, geomorphology, lineament density, drainage density, slope, and Soil Conservation Service–Curve Number(SCS-CN). These six thematic layers are generated in a GIS platform. Based on intersecting the layers, AHP method, the values for adopting the pairwise comparison normalized weight and normalized subclasses weightage were given. The normalized subclass weightage is input into each layer subclass. Then, weighted linear combination method is used to add the data layers in GIS platform to generate groundwater potential Index(GWPI) map. The GWPI map is validated based on the net recharge computed from the differences of measured groundwater levels between the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon in the year 2018. The kappa statistics are used to measure level spatial consistency between the GWPI and net recharge map. The overall average spatial matching accuracy between the two data sets is 0.86, while the kappa coefficient for GWPI with net recharge, 0.78. The results show that in Chittar watershed about 870 km~2 area is divided into high potential zone(i.e. sum of very high and high potential zone), 667 km~2 area, as the moderate one and the rest 105 km~2 area, as the poor zone(i.e. sum of very poor and poor potential zone). 相似文献
The EUV spectrum of a solar active region observed by SERTS-89 is used to estimate physical parameters such as electron density, elemental abundance and inhomogeneity in the emitting source. A total of 13 ions, namely, Neiv-vi, Mgv-ix, Sivii-x and Sx, are studied in the SERTS spectral range 170-450 Ú, providing plasma diagnostics at temperatures between105 –106 K. Attention is called to results derived from ion pairs of different elements that are formed over similar temperature regimes, which allow special checks on the standard assumptions of spectral analyses. Some EUV lines, not originally reported in the SERTS-89 spectrum, are shown to have measureable intensities and are indicated for future observations. 相似文献
H2 photoproduction and nitrogenase activities in two strains ofAnabaena variabilis marked wild type ATCC 29413 and mutant PK84 exposed to thermal stress (temperature higher than the normal incubation temperature of 30°C) were studied. Cultures of both strains collected from any interval of logarithmic growth phase exhibited high H2 photoproduction and nitrogenase activities when exposed to limited time heat shock during the assay process. In contrast, the algal H2 photoproduction rate of both strains fluctuated with long term thermal stress caused by increasing the growth temperature from 30°C to 36°C.
The changes of nitrogenase (the key H2 photobiosynthetic enzyme) activities in the mutant PK84 showed variation tendency similar to that of H2 photoproduction during exposure to thermal stress, indicating that fluctuation of H2 photoproduction in the mutant was mainly due to the variation of nitrogenase activities. A temporary maximal H2 photoproduction in the mutant PK84 (wild type ATCC29413) was observed when cells grew at 36°C for 14 (6) days. However, the responses of nitrogenase activities in the wild type to thermal stress were not completely similar to those in the mutant in spite of similar variations of H2 photoproduction in both strains. The data obtained in these studies suggested that the activities of other enzymes (in the wild strain) involved in H2 photoproduction were affected by thermal stress since H2 photoproduction maximized or dropped to 0 without variation tendency similar to that of nitrogenase activities.
Furthermore, an enhancement of H2 photoproduction speed of the mutant strain cultured in a 4.4 L laboratory photobioreactor was also observed when it was subjected to short time continuous charge of argon, and temperature rise.
All these results indicated that high temperature plays an important role in the photo-autotrophic H2 photoproduction, and that long term thermal stress is unfavourable for net H2 photoproduction in both strains ofA. variabilis though short-time heat shock is conducive to H2 photoproduction.
An analytical form for the source function is formulated by comparing the fetch-limited approximation of the Ocean Wave Transport
equation and the empirical equation for the fetch-dependent wave forecast nomograms. The source function thus generated has
been utilised in the numerical model based on Toba’s formulation of wave transport equation and tested for the seas around
the Indian subcontinent (5°S to 25°N latitude; 45°E to 100°E longitude). The grid averaged hindcast wave heights are found
to be moderately matching with the GEOSAT altimeter measured significant wave heights of the 1987–1989 period, particularly
for waves higher than 1 meter. 相似文献
two-dimensional time dependent model of the stratosphere incorporating the major interactions between radiative-photochemical and dynamical processes is described. The main prognostic equations considered are the thermodynamic equation and the general conservation equation for the minor chemical constituents representing the odd oxygen (Ox=O+('D)+O3), odd hydrogen (HOx=HO+HO2), N2O, odd nitrogen (NOx=NO+NO2+HNO3), CF2Cl2, CFCl3 and odd chlorine (Clx=Cl+ClO+HCl). The zonal wind and mean meridional circulations are determined diagnostically by the integration of the thermal wind equation and the stream function equation in the meridional plane espectively. The large scale eddy processes are parameterized in terms of zonal mean quantities using the generalized diffusion formulation on a sloping surface. The radiative heating and cooling and the hotochemical sources and sinks are incorporated in a form which allows for the major interactions among the minor trace constituents, temperature and mean circulation.Two integrations consisting of natural stratosphere and a stratosphere contaminated by the chlorofluoromethanes through lower boundary fluxes are carried out for 23 model years by changing the declination of the sun every day and using 6-hour time step. The model simulations of temperature, mean circulation, ozone, HOx, N2O and NOx in the meridional plane for the normal stratosphere, show satisfactory agreement with the available observations. Based on the results of second integration it is found that the injection of chlorofluoromethanes in the atmosphere at the estimated current production rates can lead to significant changes in the meridional distribution of ozone, temperature and NOx in the middle and upper stratosphere. The results also indicate that the percentage total ozone depletion increases from tropics to high latitudes and from summer to winter high latitudes. Also discussed are the results of additional experiments incorporating the reaction of HO2 with NO and the reactions involving ClNO3. 相似文献
Heat flow values from some additional locations in the Cenozoic Cambay Basin have been determined. Together with the previously published data, they show that the heat flow is moderate (55–67 mW/m′) in the southern part of the basin towards Broach and Ankleswar, and that there is a clear trend of high heat flow (75–93 mW/m2; range of average values for six different, widely separated, locations) in a part of the basin located north of the Mahisagan river between Cambay and Mehsana along a stretch of about 140 km. Conductive steady state geotherms, calculated using observed high surface heat flow values and appropriate models show, beneath the Cambay-Mehsana area, a large degree of melting in the lower crust and upper mantle, which is not suggested by the existing geodata. Considering this aspect and taking into account the existence of a normal crust about 37 km thick below the Cambay-Tarapur and Ahmedabad-Mehsana blocks (as obtained from deep seismic soundings), it has been inferred that the heat flow anomaly is due to transient thermal perturbations introduced from tectonic activity in the form of magmatic intrusions. A careful analysis of heat flow, gravity and other related geodata point out and support the possibility of a Miocene/Pliocene basic intrusive body at a depth of around 10 km under the Cambay-Mehsana area. Further, the consistent trend of the thermal and gravity fields indicates thinning of the postulated intrusive body from Cambay towards Mehsana. 相似文献
LANDSAT-1 (ERTS-1) data of the complete scene, 1218-04320, covering an area 185 Km x 185 Km in the Godavari Valley, India was computer processed in the Computer Division of the Oil and Natural Gas Commissíon to produce an imagery of readily recognizable land forms. Comparison with the original maps supplied by NASA showed an amazing agreement in quality. Computer oriented data enhancement techniques were developed and the data was reprocessed with the help of these techniques. The resulting imagery reveal an improvement over the originals. The computer software package developed to-date comprises nine different programmes to process the LANDSAT data on the IBM 360, 370 series. 相似文献
Multi-channel seismic reflection profiles across the southwest continental margin of India (SWCMI) show presence of westerly
dipping seismic reflectors beneath sedimentary strata along the western flank of the Laccadive Ridge — northernmost part of
the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge system. Velocity structure, seismic character, 2D gravity model and geographic locations of the
dipping reflectors suggest that these reflectors are volcanic in origin, which are interpreted as Seaward Dipping Reflectors
(SDRs). 相似文献
An assessment of coastal pollution was made on the basis of trace element concentrations (arsenic — As, mercury — Hg) in the
Gulf of Mannar. The beachrock samples were collected along the coastal tracts between Rameswaram and Kanyakumari. The samples
were dried and digested to determine the As and Hg using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS-air-acetylene and nitrous
oxide method). The As and Hg accumulation status of the beachrock was assessed using geo-accumulation index values (Igeo). The accumulation of As and Hg in the beachrock ranges from 2.75 to 20.72 μg g−1 and from 0.06 to 0.31 μg g−1, respectively. The As and Hg concentrations in the beachrocks are compared with crustal average values and average of other
region sediments. The possible source of the contamination is from atmospheric deposition and anthropogenic activities. 相似文献