Can Langmuir Circulations Solve the Problem of Insufficient Upper-Ocean Mixing?     

Huang  Chuanjiang  Qiao  Fangli  Dai  Dejun 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(4):761-771

Insufficient vertical mixing in the upper ocean during summer is a common problem of oceanic circulation and climate models. The turbulence associated with non-breaking waves is widely believed to effectively solve this problem. In many studies, non-breaking surface wave processes are attributed to the effects of Langmuir circulations(LCs). In the present work, the influences of LCs on the upper-ocean thermal structure are examined by using one-and three-dimensional ocean circulation, as well as climate, models. The results indicated that the effect of vertical mixing enhanced by LCs is limited to the upper ocean. The models evaluated, including those considering LC effects alone and the combined effects of LCs and wave breaking, failed to produce a reasonable summertime thermocline, resulting in a large cold bias in the subsurface layer. Therefore, while they can slightly reduce the biases of mixed layer depths and sea surface temperatures in models, LCs are insufficient to solve the problem of insufficient vertical mixing. Moreover, restriction of non-breaking surface wave-induced processes in LCs may be questionable.  相似文献   

Variations in the potential climatic suitability distribution patterns and grain yields for spring maize in Northeast China under climate change     

Jin Zhao  Xiaoguang Yang  Zhijuan Liu  Shuo Lv  Jing Wang  Shuwei Dai 《Climatic change》2016,134(1-2):29-44

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Seasonal evaluation of evapotranspiration fluxes from MODIS satellite and mesoscale model downscaled global reanalysis datasets     

Prashant K. Srivastava  Dawei Han  Tanvir Islam  George P. Petropoulos  Manika Gupta  Qiang Dai 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2016,124(1-2):461-473

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Effects of urban land-use change in East China on the East Asian summer monsoon based on the CAM5.1 model     

Hongyun Ma  Zhihong Jiang  Jie Song  Aiguo Dai  Xiuqun Yang  Fei Huo 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(9-10):2977-2989

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On the variability of near-bed floc size due to complex interactions between turbulence,SSC, settling velocity,effective density and the fractal dimension of flocs     

Yang Yang  Ya Ping Wang  Chunyan Li  Shu Gao  Benwei Shi  Liang Zhou  Dandan Wang  Gaocong Li  Chen Dai 《Geo-Marine Letters》2016,36(2):135-149

Interactions between turbulence, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), settling velocity, effective density, fractal dimension, and floc size were studied on the tide-dominated, muddy coastal shelf of the southwestern Yellow Sea, China. The measurements were carried out in July 2013 at two sites located in water depths of 21.2 and 22.1 m. Negative correlations were observed between shear rate, SSC, effective density, and mean floc size, which supports the results of previous numerical, experimental, and field studies. A significant positive correlation was observed between near-bed SSC and shear rate, an indication that SSC variations are controlled by turbulence and re-suspension. In addition, significant linear relationships were found between settling velocity and other parameters (floc size, turbulence, SSC, effective density, and fractal dimension) at the two sites, indicating that the controlling factors on settling velocity are spatially variable. Principal component analysis was applied to determine the relative importance of turbulence, flocculation ability, and SSC as controls on floc size in situ. The relative contributions of turbulence, flocculation ability, and SSC to floc size (at both sites) were ~33.0%, 30.3%, and 29.7%, respectively, this being a new field-based quantitative analysis of the controls on floc size. The findings demonstrate that, in nature, flocculation ability affects floc size to the same degree as turbulence and SSC. Therefore, predictions of floc size in coastal marine environments require constraints not only on turbulence and SSC, but also on flocculation ability.  相似文献   

Effect of mariculture on sediment grain size and its potential environmental significance in Sishili Bay,Yellow Sea,China     

Qiao Chen  Dongyan Liu  Yijun Chen  Jiuchuan Wei  Wei Dai 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(20):1385

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A comparative analysis of fatty acid composition and fucoxanthin content in six <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaeodactylum tricornutum</Emphasis> strains from diff erent origins     

吴华莲  李涛  王广华  戴世鲲  何慧  向文洲 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,34(2):391-398

Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a potential livestock for the combined production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and fucoxanthin. In this study, six marine diatom strains identified as P. tricornutum were cultured and their total lipid, fatty acid composition and major photosynthetic pigments determined. It was found that the cell dry weight concentration and mean growth rate ranged between 0.24–0.36 g/L and 0.31–0.33/d, respectively. Among the strains, SCSIO771 presented the highest total lipid content, followed by SCSIO828, and the prominent fatty acids in all strains were C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, and C20:5 (EPA). Polyunsaturated fatty acids, including C16:2, C18:2, and EPA, comprised a significant proportion of the total fatty acids. EPA was markedly high in all strains, with the highest in SCSIO828 at 25.65% of total fatty acids. Fucoxanthin was the most abundant pigment in all strains, with the highest in SCSIO828 as well, at 5.50 mg/g. The collective results suggested that strain SCSIO828 could be considered a good candidate for the concurrent production of EPA and fucoxanthin.  相似文献   

Evaluation of actual evapotranspiration measured by large-scale weighing lysimeters in a humid alpine meadow,northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau     

Licong Dai  Ruiyu Fu  Xiaowei Guo  Xun Ke  Yangong Du  Fawei Zhang  Yikang Li  Dawen Qian  Huakun Zhou  Guangmin Cao 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14051

The accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is essential for assessing water availability and requirements of regional-scale terrestrial ecosystems, and for understanding the hydrological cycle in alpine ecosystems. In this study, two large-scale weighing lysimeters were employed to estimate the magnitude and dynamics of actual evapotranspiration in a humid alpine Kobresia meadow from January 2018 to December 2019 on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). The results showed that daily ET_a averaged 2.24 ± 0.10 mm day ⁻¹ throughout the study period, with values of 3.89 ± 0.14 and 0.81 ± 0.06 mm day⁻¹ during the growing season and non-growing season, respectively. The cumulative ET_a during the study period was 937.39 mm, exceeding precipitation (684.20 mm) received at the site during the same period by 37%, suggesting that almost all precipitation in the lysimeters was returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration. Furthermore, the cumulative ET_a (805.04 mm) was almost equal to the maximum potential evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO-56 reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) (801.94 mm) during the growing season, but the cumulative ET_a (132.25 mm) was 113.72% less than the minimum equilibrium ET_eq) (282.86 mm) during the non-growing season due to the limited surface moisture in frozen soil. The crop coefficient (K_c) also showed a distinct seasonal pattern, with a monthly average of 1.01 during the growing season. Structural equation model (SEM) and boosted regression tree (BRT) show that net radiation and air temperature were the most important factors affecting daily ET_a during the whole study period and growing season, but that non-growing season ET_a was dominated by soil water content and net radiation. The daily K_c was dominated by net radiation. Furthermore, both ET_a and K_c were also affected by aboveground biomass.  相似文献   

Robust tracking of multiple objects in sector-scan sonar imagesequences using optical flow motion estimation     

Lane  D.M. Chantler  M.J. Dongyong Dai 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1998,23(1):31-46

The fast update rate and good performance of new generation electronic sector scanning sonars is now allowing practicable use of temporal information for signal processing tasks such as object classification and motion estimation. Problems remain, however, as objects change appearance, merge, maneuver, move in and out of the field of view, and split due to poor segmentation. This paper presents an approach to the segmentation, two-dimensional motion estimation, and subsequent tracking of multiple objects in sequences of sector scan sonar images. Applications such as ROV obstacle avoidance, visual servoing, and underwater surveillance are relevant. Initially, static and moving objects are distinguished in the sonar image sequence using frequency-domain filtering. Optical flow calculations are then performed on moving objects with significant size to obtain magnitude and direction motion estimates. Matches of these motion estimates, and the future positions they predict, are then used as a basis for identifying corresponding objects in adjacent scans. To enhance robustness, a tracking tree is constructed storing multiple possible correspondences and cumulative confidence values obtained from successive compatibility measures. Deferred decision making is then employed to enable best estimates of object tracks to be updated as subsequent scans produce new information. The method is shown to work well, with good tracking performance when objects merge, split, and change shape. The optical flow is demonstrated to give position prediction errors of between 10 and 50 cm (1%-5% of scan range), with no violation of smoothness assumptions using sample rates between 4 and 1 frames/s  相似文献   

新疆准噶尔盆地沙尘天气的地表环境判别   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

钱亦兵  吴兆宁  杨青  张立运  汪溪远 《地理学报》2005,60(6):981-990

在沙尘暴天气多发的季节里,对中国重要沙尘源区之一的准噶尔南部典型地区的地貌、土壤、植被及人类活动影响诸方面做了实地调查和取样,以及实验室分析,遴选出植被盖度、植物群落多样性、生态优势度、表层土壤含水量、土壤有机质、土壤质地、全盐含量、pH值等作为影响该区起沙过程的地表参数/变量。借助SPSS10.0软件系统中的典型判别分析 (CDA),对准噶尔南部沙尘天气高发的艾比湖地区和中发的古尔班通古特沙漠地表特征进行了有效判别。结果显示,广泛分布棕灰漠土和灰漠土,并且农用土地开垦强烈的艾比湖地区,影响地表稳定性的消极因素主要是土壤较高的pH、有机质含量及植被生态优势度。而以固定、半固定风沙土为主,内部少受人类高强度开发的古尔班通古特沙漠,地表良好的抗风蚀性主要得益于较高的植被盖度、植物群落的多样性和较粗的土壤质地。判别结果还显示,原属沙尘天气少发的克拉玛依农业开发区有相当面积的土地已具沙尘天气高发区的地表特征,从而对人类活动可能引发的灾害性环境问题提出警示。  相似文献