Xxth International Congress of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing     

Paul R. T. Newby  Peter A. Woodsford  Jon P. Mills  David A. Holland  William Tompkinson  Adrian J. Holmes  Stuart Robson  Paul Aplin  Simon J. Buckley  Henny Mehner 《The Photogrammetric Record》2004,19(108):375-402

The XXth International Congress of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing was held at the Istanbul Convention and Exhibition Centre (ICEC), Turkey, from 12th to 23rd July 2004. Reports are given on the Congress as a whole, including the General Assembly, some Technical Commission activities and the Congress Exhibition. Papers from the Congress are published in Volume XXXV of the International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences.  相似文献   

The effect of distribution of iron-oxyhydroxide grain coatings on the transport of bacterial cells in porous media   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

E. P. Knapp  Janet S. Herman  George M. Hornberger  Aaron L. Mills 《Environmental Geology》1998,33(4):243-248

 Among the demonstrated processes influencing the transport of bacteria through aquifers, the deposition of cells on mineral surfaces is one of the most important. For example, understanding the transport of introduced bacteria through aquifers is essential to designing some in situ bioremediation schemes. The impact of the presence and distribution of Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide-coated sand grains on bacterial transport through porous media was evaluated in column experiments in which bacteria (short rods; 1.2 μm length) were eluted through columns of quartz sand (0.5–0.6 mm in diameter) for several conditions of chemical heterogeneity of mineral substrate. Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide-coated sand was present as 10% of the mass, and it was arranged in three treatments: (1) homogeneously distributed, and present as a discrete layer (2) at the top and (3) at the bottom of 14-cm-long sand columns. A pulse input of 10⁸ cells ml^–1 was introduced in an artificial groundwater solution flowing at 14 cm h^–1 through the column, and eluted cells were counted. Peak breakthrough occurred at 1.0 pore volume. A large proportion of cells were retained; 14.7–15.8% of the cells were recovered after three pore volumes of solution had eluted through clean quartz sand, and only 2.1–4.0% were recovered from the Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide-coated sand mixtures. The three physical arrangements of the chemical heterogeneity resulted in essentially the same breakthrough of cells, indicating that the spatial distribution of iron coating does not affect the transport of bacteria. The results of the column transport experiments, which mimic hydrogeological conditions encountered in field problems, are consistent with our mechanistic understanding of bacterial sorption. Received: 10 April 1996 · Accepted: 17 February 1997  相似文献   

The Role of Mid-Latitude Pacific Cyclones in the Winter Precipitation of California*     

Marilyn Raphael  Gerald Mills 《The Professional geographer》1996,48(3):251-262

The characteristics of the mid-latitude Pacific cyclones that produce precipitation over California are investigated statistically to determine their role in governing precipitation receipt. From all cyclones occurring over the Pacific Ocean from December through March and between 1965–1990 inclusive, we identify a subset of cyclones likely to produce precipitation over California. The characteristics analyzed are track, frequency, duration, speed, central pressure, and proximity. These are related to monthly precipitation for the entire period and are also used to explain the difference in precipitation received during the earlier (wet) and latter (dry) halves of the 1980s. Results indicate that the winter cyclones responsible for precipitation over California originate in the southeast quadrant of the region influenced by the Aleutian Low and decay south of the Gulf of Alaska. The extent of cyclonic activity over the east Pacific Ocean near California diminished during the dry period. There were fewer cyclones, they were significantly weaker, and they traveled along a more meridional track during the dry period.  相似文献   

An urban canopy-layer climate model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Mills 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1997,57(3-4):229-244

Summary This paper outlines a computer simulation model designed to assess the thermal characteristics of the urban canopy layer (UCL). In contrast to other UCL models, the layer simulated here includes both closed volumes (buildings) and open volumes (canyons). The purpose of the model is to allow the comparison of the climate impacts of different building group configurations. Traditional boundary-layer theory is applied to the surface urban boundary layer (UBL) which lies above the UCL and the derived relations are used to parameterize exchanges of momentum and heat across the UBL/UCL interface. The exterior energy budgets of the roof, walls and floor of the canopy are solved using an equilibrium surface temperature method. The open canopy and interior building air temperatures are found which are in agreement with the surface exchanges. Using measured data for Los Angeles in June, the output of the model is examined. The results show some agreement with measurement studies and suggest that the density of structures can have a substantial impact on UCL/UBL interaction.With 6 Figures  相似文献   

A reevaluation of the oceanic uranium budget for the Holocene   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

R. M. Dunk  R. A. Mills  W. J. Jenkins 《Chemical Geology》2002,190(1-4):45-67

We present a new assessment of the pre-anthropogenic U budget for the Holocene ocean. We find that the gross input of U to the ocean lies in the range 53±17 Mmol/year, where the dominant source is river runoff (42.0±14.5 Mmol/year) and the direct discharge of groundwater could represent a significant additional input (9.3±8.7 Mmol/year). The soluble U flux associated with the aeolian input of crustal dust is minor (1.8±1.1 Mmol/year), falling well within the errors associated with the riverine flux. Removal of U to the organic rich sediments of salt marshes and mangrove swamps during river–sea mixing may significantly modify the riverine flux, such that the net U input is reduced to 42±18 Mmol/year. Evaluation of the U isotope budget demonstrates that the limits we have established on the U input flux are reasonable and suggests that direct groundwater discharge may play a significant role in maintaining the oceanic excess of ²³⁴U. The total sink of U from the ocean lies in the range 48±14 Mmol/year. We find that three major processes control the magnitude of this flux: (1) removal to oxygen-depleted sediments (26.9±12.2 Mmol/year); (2) incorporation into biogenic carbonate (13.3±5.6 Mmol/year); and (3) crustal sequestration during hydrothermal alteration and seafloor weathering (5.7±3.3 Mmol/year). The removal of U to opaline silica (0.6±0.3 Mmol/year) and hydrogenous phases (1.4±0.8 Mmol/year) is minimal, falling well within the errors associated with the other sinks. That the input and output fluxes balance within the calculated errors implies that U may be in steady state in the Holocene ocean. In this case, the input and output fluxes lie in the range 34–60 Mmol/year, giving an oceanic U residence time of 3.2–5.6×10⁵ years. However, given the large uncertainties, a significant imbalance between the Holocene input and output fluxes cannot be ruled out. The constancy of the ancient seawater U concentration implies that the U budget is in steady state over the time period of a glacial–interglacial climate cycle (10⁵ year). A Holocene flux imbalance must, therefore, be offset by an opposing flux imbalance during glacial periods or at the interglacial–glacial transition. We suggest that the storage of U in the coastal zone and shallow water carbonates during interglacial periods and the release of that U at or following the interglacial–glacial transition could be sufficient to affect the short-term stability of the U budget. Providing tighter constraints on U fluxes in the Holocene ocean is a prerequisite to understanding the U budget on the time scale of a glacial–interglacial climate cycle and using this element as a valuable palaeoceanographic proxy.  相似文献   

Photogrammetric Reverse Engineering of the "Angel of the North"     

I. Newton  & J. P. Mills 《The Photogrammetric Record》1999,16(93):457-468

The Department of Geomatics and the Regional Centre for Innovation in Engineering Design in the University of Newcastle upon Tyne collaborated in a project to produce precise measurements for use in the fabrication of the body of the "Angel of the North" sculpture. This 20 m high edifice, by the sculptor Antony Gormley, is located adjacent to the A1(M) in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear.
This paper reviews the photogrammetric reverse engineering work carried out on a 1:10 scale plaster maquette of the "Angel of the North", which is a life-size model of the sculptor's body without any arms. The three dimensional measurements of the maquette, made by analytical photogrammetric techniques, were then processed to produce a fully functional three dimensional CAD model from which the dimensions needed by the fabricating company, Hartlepool Steel Fabrications Ltd., could be extracted. Additionally, the VirtuoZo digital photogrammetric software package was used to investigate the potential of automated measurement for this type of work and the results were compared with those obtained analytically.  相似文献   

Estimating the diffuse attenuation coefficient from optically active constituents in UK marine waters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M.J. Devlin  J. Barry  D.K. Mills  R.J. Gowen  J. Foden  D. Sivyer  N. Greenwood  D. Pearce  P. Tett 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

We report a study of the attenuation of submarine Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) in relation to the concentrations of Optically Active Constituents (OACs) in a range of water types around the United Kingdom. 408 locations were visited between August 2004 and December 2005. The diffuse attenuation coefficient (K_d) was estimated from profiles of downwelling PAR. Concentrations of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) were measured gravimetrically and concentrations of phytoplankton chlorophyll (chl) were measured by fluorometrically. Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) was measured either by fluorescence or as its proxy, salinity.  相似文献   

Field measurement and associated controlling factors for ground water seepage in a piedmont impoundment     

Amy E. Bruckner  George M. Hornberger  Aaron L. Mills 《水文研究》1989,3(3):223-235

Knowledge of groundwater seepage to and from lakes can be an important component of scientific investigations involving water and geochemical budgets. Measurements of groundwater seepage at Lake Anna, a man-made lake in central Virginia, show that inflow to the lake occurs even under dry summer conditions. Seepage rates were found to be correlated with the elevation of the near-shore water table, which responded rapidly to rainfall events in the fractured rock terrane in which Lake Anna is located. Seepage rates did not decline uniformly with distance offshore. This result contrasts with those for lakes underlain by relatively homogeneous porous media where measurements generally confirm the prediction that seepage rates drop off exponentially with distance from shore. The along shore variability of seepage rates in Lake Anna was related to a topographic index that is used to describe drainage from hillslopes. This suggests that seepage in impoundments such as Lake Anna may be strongly controlled by drainage pathways that pre-date the lake.  相似文献   

Does the lunar regolith follow Rosin's law?     

Philip M. Martin  A. A. Mills 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1977,16(2):215-219

Results from particle-size distribution analyses of the lunar regolith (less than 1 mm) as sampled by Apollos 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16 have been tested to see if they conform to Rosin's law, which has been found to describe crushed products of many kinds and sizes. In all the lunar examples the law appears to be followed closely. It is concluded that the lunar regolith is probably the result of crushing forces, most likely impacts on the lunar surface.  相似文献   

Glacial till : Robert F. Legget, Editor. Special Publication No. 12, The Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa, 1976, 412 pp., $20.00     

Hugh H. Mills 《Quaternary Research》1978,9(3):364-366

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