Isolation and characterization of Aeromonas species from an eutrophic tropical estuary     

Marcel KA  Antoinette AA  Mireille D 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(12):1341-1344

Isolation and characterization of Aeromonas species were undertaken in the Ebrié lagoon (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire) over a one year period. Overall 63% of 501 water samples were identified as positive for Aeromonas spp. A. sobria, A. hydrophila and A. caviae represent respectively 49.20%, 20.63% and 30.15% of the positive samples. Thirty nine of the positive samples were recovered from surface water samples; while 24 bottom water samples were positive for Aeromonas. Aeromonas species are most frequently (82.53) present in the Ebrié lagoon urban area during the rainy and flood seasons when the salinity is low and below 10‰. A lower isolation frequency is noticed during the dry season when water salinity is over 10‰. Finally, a higher isolation frequency occurred in samples with highest counts of Escherichia coli.  相似文献   

Mobilization and Co-Transport of Pyrene in the Presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2 Biosurfactants in Sandy Soil Columns     

Pierre Lafrance  Mireille Lapointe 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1998,18(4):139-147

Washing technologies are currently applied for the remediation of contaminated soils. The efficiency of biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to mobilize some hydrocarbons sorbed on soils has already been demonstrated. However, few studies have been made to define optimal procedures for the injection of these rhamnolipids in soil. This study examines (1) the efficiency of the biosurfactants produced by P. aeruginosa UG2 to mobilize pyrene from a contaminated sandy loam as compared to that of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); (2) the injection procedures (surfactant concentration, pore water velocity, continuous or interrupted flow) that might affect the efficiency of pyrene mobilization using UG2 biosurfactants; and (3) the co-transport of UG2 biosurfactants and pyrene. The UG2 biosurfactants were more efficient for pyrene mobilization than SDS and had much less impact on soil. The mobilization of pyrene was approximately proportional to the mass of UG2 biosurfactants injected for both the 0.25% and the 0.50% (w/v) concentrations used. Pyrene mobilization was not greatly dependent on either the pore water velocity—about 5.9 and 10.2 inch/h (15 and 26 cm/h)—or the duration of flow interruption (5 or 15 h), suggesting that mobilization was not rate limited under these conditions. The rhamnolipids appeared to be weakly retained in the soil. Based on the experimental results, it would be advantageous to use a high UG2 biosurfactant concentration, a high pore water velocity, and possibly a flow interruption of more than 15 h in order to reduce the injected volume and the duration of the treatment required. The 0.25% UG2 biosurfactant concentration greatly enhanced pyrene transport and could facilitate contaminant recovery.  相似文献   

Long-core profiles of137Cs,134Cs,60Co and210Pb in sediment near the Rhône River (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea)     

Sabine Charmasson  Olivier Radakovitch  Mireille Arnaud  Patrick Bouisset  Anne-Sylvie Pruchon 《Estuaries and Coasts》1998,21(3):367-378

Various anthropogenic radionuclides and²¹⁰Pb were analyzed in a 4.3-m-long core, sampled near the Rhône River mouth in March 1991, to evaluate the extent of industrial releases that accumulate in this area. The whole core was significantly marked by radionuclide inputs from the nuclear facilities located along the river (¹³⁷Cs,¹³⁴Cs,⁶⁰Co). Irregular profiles in natural and artificial radionuclides should be related to variations in their respective inputs from the Rhône River to the Mediterranean Sea. Minimum concentrations were found during high flow periods. Using both the¹³⁷Cs/¹³⁴Cs profile in the core and the range of this ratio in Rhône waters, mean apparent accumulation rates were estimated to range between 37 cm yr^?1 and 48 cm yr^?1. This core would then represent a sedimentary record over a 7–10 year period. However, the presence of a signal from the Chernobyl accident, which occurred on April 26, 1986, was not clearly observed in the core. Inventories of both artificial and natural radionuclides were greater than expected from atmospheric inputs. The increased sedimentation occurring in close vicinity to the mouth of the Rhône River is thus responsible for trapping of elements transported by the river to the Mediterranean Sea. In this area, inventories of artificial radionuclides are well in excess of aerial deposition from Chernobyl and atmospheric weapons tests and are linked primarily to industrial releases.  相似文献   

Rift structure, evolution, and earthquakes in the Gulf of Corinth, from reflection seismic images     

Maria Sachpazi  Mireille Laigle  Nikos Roussos 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,216(3):243-257

Continental extension is forming the Gulf of Corinth across the strike of earlier Alpine evolution. Here, we present the first deep reflection sections with pre-stack depth-migration processing across the deep basin of the Corinth active rift, which image structures unpredicted by current models. Resolving the infill as a pile of layers that are broken by faults allows one to follow their subsidence and deformation history. Variation among the profiles suggests that southern normal faults control the rift in a time progression from the east towards its western tip. On the central, Derveni-Itea transect, a 3-km widening of the basin accrued since the initiation of this control that is marked by an unconformity between the two main sedimentary units. This is estimated to have occurred 0.5-0.6 Myr ago, assuming the glacio-eustatic sea-level changes have controlled the stratigraphy of sediments deposited as a succession of layers on the subsiding hangingwall, as they did on the southern footwall in forming the famous flight of marine terraces of Corinth. A roll-over anticline and crestal collapse graben are diagnostic of the control by a normal fault of dip varying with depth. The deeper low-angle part of this bi-planar fault is indeed imaged as a reflector in the basement. The occurrence of the collapse with a breakaway at the steep southern basin-bounding fault of the hangingwall slab can be estimated 0.12-0.2 Myr ago, with a marked increase in extension rate that brought it to its present fastest value over 10 mm/yr. The low-angle part of the active fault might also have controlled earlier evolution upslope and in the basin. When compared with inferences from earthquake studies, this low-angle active fault may not appear to be seismogenic but may participate to the seismic cycle, possibly in a conditionally stable regime. Active faults seen as sea-bottom scarps merely accommodate deformation of its subsiding hangingwall. The footwall of the low-angle faults, which current seismicity shows to be in extension, appears then as being pulled out from beneath the rift, in a motion towards the rolling-back slab that causes the Hellenic subduction retreat.  相似文献   

Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research     

Philip J. Potts  Mireille Polv 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2003,27(3):213-213

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Editorial     

Phil Potts  Mireille Polv 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2002,26(3):247-247

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Temporal Geochemical Evolution of Neogene Magmatism in the Baguio Gold–Copper Mining District (Northern Luzon, Philippines)     

Mireille Polve    Rene C. Maury    Sebastien Jego    Herve Bellon    Ahmed Margoum    Graciano P. Yumul  Jr  Betchaida D. Payot    Rodolfo A. Tamayo  Jr Joseph Cotten 《Resource Geology》2007,57(2):197-218

Baguio, in the Central Cordillera of Northern Luzon, is a district that displays porphyry copper and epithermal gold mineralization, associated with Early Miocene–Pliocene–Quaternary calc‐alkaline and adakitic intrusions. Systematic sampling, K‐Ar dating, major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic analyses of fresh magmatic rocks indicate three magmatic pulses: an Early Miocene phase (21.2–18.7 Ma), a Middle–Late Miocene phase (15.3–8 Ma) and finally a Pliocene–Quaternary event (3–1 Ma). The first phase emplaced evolved calc‐alkaline magmas, essentially within the Agno Batholith complex, and is thought to be related to the westward‐dipping subduction of the West Philippine Basin. After a quiescence period during which the Kennon limestone was deposited, magmatic activity resumed at 15.3 Ma, in connection with the start of the subduction of the South China Sea along the Manila Trench. It emplaced first petrogenetically related and relatively unradiogenic low‐K calc‐alkaline lavas and intermediate adakites. Temporal geochemical patterns observed from 15.3 to 1 Ma include progressive enrichment in K and other large ion lithophile elements, increase in radiogenic Sr and Pb and corresponding decrease in radiogenic Nd. These features are thought to reflect the progressive addition to the Luzon arc mantle wedge of incompatible elements largely inherited from South China Sea sediments. The origin of the long quiescence period, from 8 to 3 Ma, remains problematic. It might represent a local consequence of the docking of the Zambales ophiolitic terrane to Northern Luzon. Then, magmatic activity resumed at 3 Ma, emplacing chemically diversified rocks ranging from low K to high K and including a large proportion of adakites, especially during the Quaternary (dacitic plugs). The authors tentatively relate this diversity to the development of a slab tear linked with the subduction of the fossil South China Sea ridge beneath the Baguio area.  相似文献   

Influence of land runoff on rates and agents of bioerosion of coral substrates     

Hutchings P  Peyrot-Clausade M  Osnorno A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(1-4):438-447

Annually large volumes of fresh water laden with sediment are washed down the Daintree River in North Queensland into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. To investigate the effects of land runoff on bioerosion, samples of recently killed colonies of Porites were laid at 6 sites on a cross shelf transect from Snapper Island at the entrance to the river to Osprey Reef, approximately 328 km from the river mouth out in the Coral Sea. Rates and agents of bioerosion were determined over 4 years and inshore sites exhibited significantly lower rates of total bioerosion than the other sites. Offshore sites experienced high rates of bioerosion primarily due to grazing and internal bioerosion by macroborers such as sponges and bivalves was also important at some of these sites. Inshore sites were covered in heavy layers of silt which inhibited colonization and growth of microborers, primarily algae. This resulted in lower levels of grazing than at offshore sites. However the activity of macroborers (primarily sponges and bivalves) was often high at these sites. The macroboring communities differed between sites and over time and it is hypothesised that these site differences were due to different levels of terrestrial runoff. These results are compared with those from French Polynesia where contaminated terrestrial runoff greatly influenced rates and agents of bioerosion. However other factors such as overfishing may also play an important role in some locations.  相似文献   

A Routine Method for Oxide and Hydroxide Interference Corrections in ICP-MS Chemical Analysis of Environmental and Geological Samples     

Sébastien Aries  Michel Valladon  Mireille Polvé  Bernard Dupré 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2000,24(1):19-31

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry has revolutionized the field of multi-elemental analysis because of its high sensitivity and speed of analysis. However, problems with polyatomic ion interferences during routine analysis can give rise to inaccuracies. We propose a method that systematically corrects for oxide and hydroxide interferences in routine analysis, for a wide range of materials. Oxide and hydroxide production for a specified element is calculated from measurements on each sample, as levels may depend on sample composition and may also vary with time. We show that oxide and hydroxide interferences can then be calculated for other elements, by reference to a set of oxide and hydroxide ratios measured on standard solutions. Validity of correction is controlled by internal tests involving two isotopes of one element with respect to experimental errors. The limits and validity of this approach are demonstrated with the analysis of selected reference materials.  相似文献   

Study of the spatial and historical distribution of sediment inorganic contamination in the Toulon bay (France)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Tessier E  Garnier C  Mullot JU  Lenoble V  Arnaud M  Raynaud M  Mounier S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(10):2075-2086

This study presents trace elements levels in surface and deep sediments of the Toulon bay (SE France) subjected to anthropogenic inputs (navy base, harbors, etc.). The studied elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) are defined as priority contaminants in aquatic systems. Fifty-five points scattered on the entire bay were sampled, allowing the determination of contaminants distribution with a high resolution. Several approaches were used to assess the degree of contamination and the potential toxicity of the Toulon bay sediments: comparison to the French legislation, surface-weighted average metal concentrations, enrichment factors (EF), geoaccumulation indices (Igeo), trace element stock calculation and comparison to sediment quality guidelines. A principal component analysis was performed to reveal common behavior of the studied contaminants. Results demonstrated the very high contamination of the small bay, especially in Hg (EF up to 1500), Cu, Pb and Zn, with export to the large bay further governed by hydrodynamics.  相似文献