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31.
Subroto Kumar Bhattacharyya 《Applied Ocean Research》1984,6(4):221-226
The role of similitude in scaled simulation of major installation operations of offshore steel jackets, namely, loadout, launching and upending has been studied. The physical modelling can be looked upon both as an adjunct to numerical modelling using computers and also as an independent tool of investigation. The problems of design of models and of experiments are discussed and the prediction equations based on similitude are given. 相似文献
32.
Purvee Joshi Sandip R. Oza Ujjwal K. Gupta Shailendra Saini D. Ram Rajak I. M. Bahuguna 《Marine Geodesy》2020,43(3):302-323
AbstractIntra and inter-annual variations in the sea ice thickness are highly sensitive indicators of climatic variations undergoing in the earth’s atmosphere and oceans. This paper describes the method of estimating sea ice thickness using radar waveforms data acquired by SARAL/Altika mission during its drifting orbit phase from July 2016 onwards yielding spatially dense data coverage. Based on statistical analysis of return echoes, classification of the surface has been carried out in three different types, viz. floe, lead and mixed. Time delay correction methods were suitably selected and implemented to make corrections in altimetric range measurements and thereby freeboard. By assuming hydrostatic equilibrium, freeboard data were converted into sea ice thickness. Results show that sea ice thickness varies from 4 to 5?m near ice shelves and 1 to 2.5?m in the marginal sea ice regions. Freeboard and sea ice thickness estimates were also validated using NASA’s Operation Ice Bridge (OIB) datasets. Freeboard measurements show very high correlation (0.97) having RMSE of 0.13. Overestimation of approximately 1–2?m observed in the sea ice thickness, which could be attributed to distance between AltiKa footprint and OIB locations. Moreover, sensitivity analysis shows that snow depth and snow density over sea ice play crucial role in the estimation of sea ice thickness. 相似文献
33.
The muricid gastropod Bolinus brandaris exhibited imposex, a phenomenon linked to the use of organotin biocides. Several stages of imposex development (1-5) could be distinguished and were documented with SEM-photographs for the first time in this species. Additional alterations of the genital tract in females (blocked vulva preventing copulation and deposition of egg capsules) and males (excrecences on the penis and vas deferens) were shown. Imposex intensity on the Catalan coast was very high. The frequency of imposex off Barcelona and Vilanova i la Geltrú was 100%, with all females showing stage 4. Imposex frequency off Sant Carles de la Ràpita was 99.7% and the VDS index scored 3.9. Despite regulations of TBT-containing antifouling paints in Spain since 1990, the present study revealed that frequency and intensity of imposex have increased on the Catalan coast, at least since 1997. However, at present, imposex does not apparently affect the population dynamics of B. brandaris in the studied area, since no serious consequences on female reproduction (only one case of female sterilization) were detected. Gonadal activity and oogenesis were not suppressed or supplanted by spermatogenesis. Sex ratios were not male-biased. Possible sources of organotin biocides are examined. 相似文献
34.
有孔虫生活在海洋和半咸水环境。底栖有孔虫的存在很大程度上受物理因素(深度、温度、光量、水体扰动)、化学因素(盐度、溶解氧和可用元素)和生物因素(食物供给量和底层沉积物特征)的制约。研究人员对印度东、西岸现代底栖有孔虫生态学和分布状态进行了研究。Naidu等在对Visakhapatnam港复合体有孔虫进行分析后提出 ,可以将有孔虫作为海洋污染的指示物。SreenivasaRao等采用Q模式系数分析对尼赞伯德讷姆湾有孔虫的分布进行了研究 ,确认此区域存在4种组合 ,受不同环境条件的影响。Khare等对门格… 相似文献
35.
The material loss factor for technically orthotropic plates was measured by half-power bandwidth method. Rectangular and trapezoidal corrugated plates of steel were considered. A simple isotropic steel plate was also considered for comparison of the results. The concept of single degree of freedom system was adopted. The tests were undertaken at very low frequency range (0–100) Hz. The plate models were suspended freely with two wires to minimize or prevent excessive extraneous energy dissipation. Out of plane point force, random in nature was applied to the top middle of the plates and the responses were measured from the middle point of the plates by FFT analyzer using miniature small mass accelerometer as sensor. The aim of these tests is to investigate the effects of bending rigidity and mode orders over material loss factor. The values of estimated modal damping loss factors are compared and tabulated for the plates models considered. Natural frequencies of some of the initial modes of the plates are also presented.It is observed that the higher the value of bending rigidity of the plates, the larger the values of loss factor of it. There was a significant increase in value of loss factor in corrugated plates to that of the isotropic plate. 相似文献
36.
Comparison of TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter Derived Wind Speed and Wave Parameters with Ocean Buoy Data in the North Indian Ocean 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Results of comparison exercises carried out between the state-of-the-art TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter-derived ocean surface wind speed and ocean wave parameters (significant wave height and wave period) and those measured by a set of ocean data buoys in the North Indian Ocean are presented in this article. Altimeter-derived significant wave height values exhibited rms deviation as small as ±0.3 m, and surface wind speed of ±1.6 m/s. These results are found consistent with those found for the Pacific Ocean. For estimation of ocean wave period, the spectral moments-based semiempirical approach, earlier applied on GEOSAT data, was extended to TOPEX/POSEIDON. For this purpose, distributions of first four years of TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data and climatology over the North Indian Ocean were analyzed and a new set of coefficients generated for estimation of wave period. It is shown that wave periods thus estimated from TOPEX/POSEIDON data (for the subsequent two years), when compared with independent data set of ocean data buoys deployed in the North Indian Ocean, exhibit improved accuracy (rms ~ ±1.4 nos) over those determined earlier with GEOSAT data. 相似文献
37.
P. C. Ram 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1989,158(2):189-195
An analysis of Hall effects on the hydromagnetic free convection resulting from the combined effects of thermal and mass diffusion of an electrically-conducting liquid passed an infinite vertical porous plate in a rotating frame of reference is carried out when a strong magnetic field is imposed in a plane which makes an angle with the normal to the plate. The expressions for the mean velocity, mean temperature in the boundary layer, and the mean skin-friction, the mean rate of heat transfer on the plate are derived. The influence of Hall currents on the flow is studied for various values of . 相似文献
38.
A study of the combined buoyancy effects of thermal and mass diffusion on MHD convection flow in the presence of Hall currents with variable suction and heat generation has been carried out. Analytical expressions for the velocity and the temperature of the fluid are given. The effects of Hall currents, parameterm, and heat source parameter on the velocity are discussed. 相似文献
39.
K. N. Prudhvi Raju Sarvajeet Kumar Kshitij Mohan Manish Kumar Pandey 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2008,36(3):283-288
With growing urban expanses, one of the pre-requisites for effective governance is Urban Information Systems (UIS) with content
down to individual properties (and individuals). The basic input i.e., a map, in UIS should show individual property boundaries
showing the plan outline of all structures existing within, at a scale of 1:1000 and larger with sub-metre to centimeters
planimetric and geometric accuracy. With very high resolution remote sensing data of the order of 1m available in hand, it
is possible to prepare maps with high resolution spatial content. The present exercise demonstrates a method of preparing
a geometrically and planimetrically accurate urban cadastral map on very large scale for a small area of about 5 sq km. IKONOS
merged data with 1m resolution is used for the purpose. Mapping was done in conjunction with on-site measurements and sketches.
Guides are used to maintain shape symmetry and accuracy of buildings and other features. Working out cost of mapping per unit
area is another objective in the present exercise. For want of fully or semi-automatic methods of information extraction from
very high resolution remote sensing data, it is imperative that mapping should be carried out in conjunction with some on-site
measurements wherever necessary. 相似文献
40.
Analyses of 72 samples from Upper Panjhara basin in the northern part of Deccan Plateau, India, indicate that geochemical
incongruity of groundwater is largely a function of mineral composition of the basaltic lithology. Higher proportion of alkaline
earth elements to total cations and HCO3>Cl + SO4 reflect weathering of primary silicates as chief source of ions. Inputs of Cl, SO4, and NO3 are related to rainfall and localized anthropogenic factors. Groundwater from recharge area representing Ca + Mg–HCO3 type progressively evolves to Ca + Na–HCO3 and Na–Ca–HCO3 class along flow direction replicates the role of cation exchange and precipitation processes. While the post-monsoon chemistry
is controlled by silicate mineral dissolution + cation exchange reactions, pre-monsoon variability is attributable chiefly
to precipitation reactions + anthropogenic factors. Positive correlations between Mg vs HCO3 and Ca + Mg vs HCO3 supports selective dissolution of olivine and pyroxene as dominant process in post-monsoon followed by dissolution of plagioclase
feldspar and secondary carbonates. The pre-monsoon data however, points toward the dissolution of plagioclase and precipitation
of CaCO3 supported by improved correlation coefficients between Na + Ca vs HCO3 and negative correlation of Ca vs HCO3, respectively. It is proposed that the eccentricity in the composition of groundwater from the Panjhara basin is a function
of selective dissolution of olivine > pyroxene followed by plagioclase feldspar.
The data suggest siallitization (L < R and R
k) as dominant mechanism of chemical weathering of basalts, stimulating monosiallitic (kaolinite) and bisiallitic (montmorillonite)
products. The chemical denudation rates for Panjhara basin worked out separately for the ground and surface water component
range from 6.98 to 36.65 tons/km2/yr, respectively. The values of the CO2 consumption rates range between 0.18 × 106 mol//km2/yr (groundwater) and 0.9 × 106 mol/km2/yr (surface water), which indicates that the groundwater forms a considerable fraction of CO2 consumption, an inference, that is, not taken into contemplation in most of the studies. 相似文献