探地雷达在马来西亚某石灰岩工地探测实例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

陈军  赵永辉  葛双成  万明浩 《物探与化探》2008,32(1):92-95

石灰岩地区地质条件比较复杂,进行建筑施工之前了解清楚石灰岩的起伏及岩溶破碎带的分布情况对分析地基的稳定性非常重要.马来西亚某石灰岩工地探地雷达探测实例显示,探测解释结果同钻孔验证结果基本吻合,说明利用探地雷达可以获得关于地基的地质信息,可为建筑设计和施工提供参考依据.  相似文献   

Interaction of copper with fatty acids in Soxhlet extraction and its influence     

Ming Jin  Yanqing Xia  Tianzhu Lei  Junli Qiu  Rui Zhang 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(2):157-160

Treatment with metallic copper for the removal of elemental sulfur from bitumen extracted from sedimentary rocks or petroleum is the most widely used method. Little attention has been paid, however, to its disadvantages. It was observed that copper can interact with some polar organic substances during conventional sulfur removal, which can strongly influence the quantitative and qualitative determination of bitumen, as has been confirmed by interaction of long-chain fatty acids with copper. The copper soap generated was analyzed by element analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry （ICP-OES）, thermal analysis （TG-DSC） and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy （FFIR）. Mechanism of the interaction was investigated and elucidated. Our experimental results would necessitate improvement of the present method for sulfur removal and/or a search for a new one.  相似文献   

δ13c-δ18O Covariance:An Effective Indicator of Hydrological Closure for Lakes?     

CHEN Jing''''an  WANG Fushun  WAN Guojiang  TANG Degui  David Dian ZHANG  HUNAG Ronggui  LI Jian  XIAO Tangfu 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(5)

The correlation between the Δ13c and 18O in primary carbonates is affected by several factors such as hydrological balance, total CO2 concentrations, climatic condition and lake productivity.The influence of these factors on the Δ13c-δ18 correlation may be different on different time scales. In this paper, two different-type lakes in southwestern China, Lake Erhal and Lake Chenghai, are selected to investigate the influence of climatic pattern on the Δ13c-Δ18o correlation and to evaluate the reliability of the Δ13c-Δ18o covariance as an indicator of hydrological closure. The results show that there exists good correlation between the Δ13c and Δ18o in Lake Erhai (overflowing open lake) and inLake Chenghal (closed lake). This suggests that the Δ13c-Δ18o covariance may be not an effective indicator of hydrological closure for lakes, especially on short time scales. On the one hand, a hydrologically open lake may display covariant Δ13c and δ18 as a result of climatic influence. The particular alternate warm-dry and cold-wet climatic pattern in southwestern China may be the principal cause of the Δ13c-δ18 covariance in Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghal. On the other hand, a hydrologically closed lake unnecessarily displays covariant trends between Δ13c and δ18 because of the buffering effect of high CO2 concentration on the Δ13c shift in hyper-alkaline lakes. We should be the buffering feeect of high CO2 concentration on the 13Cshift in hyper-alkaline lakes.We should be prudent when we use the covariance between 13C and 18O to judge the hydrological closure of lake.  相似文献   

Multifractal Analysis of Element Distribution in Skarn-type Deposits in the Shizishan Orefield, Tongling Area, Anhui Province, China   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Wang Qingfei  Deng Jun  Wan Li  Zhao Jie  Gong Qingjie  Yang Liqiang  Zhou Lei  Zhang Zhijun 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(4):896-905

A series of element concentrations sampled from four drill cores with a length about 1000 m into different skarn-type deposits were selected from the Shizishan orefield, central Tongling, southeastern part of Anhui Province. Using the multifractal method, the distribution and migration characteristics of the major and trace elements are analyzed. The multifractal spectrum of the major elements is left-skewed, whereas the spectrum of the trace elements is right-skewed, which shows that in the process of skarn formation, the trace elements were enriched only locally, and major elements transported within a much larger range. The correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters Aa （width of the multifractal spectrum） of the four drill cores are relatively low, but the correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters R （spectrum symmetry parameter） and Af are relatively higher, indicating that although the non-homogeneous intensity of the distribution of elements is inconsistent, their spatial accumulation patterns are almost the same during the ore-forming process. The statistics of the mnltifractal parameters of various elements in the different locations show that the ore-forming processes and element migration pattern in the Shizishan orefield are consistent, and that the migrations of trace elements and major elements exhibit some differences.  相似文献   

爆破震动对某边坡稳定性影响的数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵宝云  刘保县  万贻平 《工程地质学报》2008,16(1):59-62

爆破震动是影响边坡稳定性的一个重要因素之一。结合实际工程文章利用了拉格朗日有限差分法FLAC程序对爆破震动作用下某边坡进行了数值模拟。讨论了利用FLAC进行边坡动力分析时设置边界条件设置、动力时程的合成、输入以及转化,阻尼的合理选取。从位移场和速度场进行了详细的动力分析。获得该边坡爆破震动特征及位移场、振动速度场的变化规律。研究成果对保证边坡安全具有较好的指导作用。  相似文献   

太湖流域土壤重金属元素污染历史的重建:以Pb、Cd为例   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

成杭新  赵传冬  庄广民  夏威岚  刘英汉  杨柯  聂海峰 《地学前缘》2008,15(5):167

太湖是位于长江下游的一个大型浅水湖泊,通过对4个代表太湖不同沉积环境的湖底沉积剖面的137Cs和210Pb沉积定年,重建太湖湖底沉积物和太湖来水流域土壤Cd、Pb的污染历史。结果显示:1980年以前,太湖底积物中Cd、Pb含量与流域内的自然背景含量相当,1980年以后,湖底沉积物中的Cd、Pb含量显著增高,这与我国大规模工业化进程的起始时间基本一致,推测工业化进程是湖底沉积物中Cd、Pb含量增加的主要原因。1900年以来太湖湖底沉积物中累积含有Cd和Pb分别为146t和25980t,其中苕溪来水提供的Cd和Pb分别为40t、6777t,宜溧河来水提供的Cd、Pb分别为36t、6023t,其他来水(洮、滆、运河)提供的Cd、Pb分别为71t、13179t,其他来水是太湖Cd、Pd累积的主要输入途径。Cd、Pb累积的高峰期为20世纪80—90年代,1980年以来,运河来水Cd、Pb的输出通量为28.26t、3419t;苕溪流域Cd、Pb的输出总量分别为13.70t、1585t,其中人为源的Cd、Pb为8.90t、610t,人为源输出的Cd、Pb通量占总输出量的64.96%和38.47%;宜溧河流域Cd、Pb的输出总量分别为10.09t、1063t,人为源的Cd、Pb分别6.96t和500t,人为源输出的Cd、Pb通量占总输出量的68.68%和47.08%,表明太湖流域人类活动所导致的Cd已超过自然剥蚀过程,因此削减工业化进程中的Cd、Pb排放总量,控制太湖运河来水的输出通量是改善太湖底积物Cd、Pb环境质量的关键措施。  相似文献   

长江流域沿江镉异常源追踪与定量评估的方法技术研究:以长江流域安徽段为例   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

赵传冬  陈富荣  陈兴仁  赵和苍  夏威岚  聂海峰  孔牧  刘飞  杨柯 《地学前缘》2008,15(5):179

长江全流域性的Cd异常是被中国正在进行的多目标地球化学调查发现的重大生态环境问题。以长江流域安徽段为研究对象,对沿江镉异常源追踪与定量评估的方法技术进行了系统研究。通过对安徽段长江干流及其主要支流悬浮物中元素含量的测量查明:悬浮物是流域内重金属元素大跨度迁移的主要载体;Cd在悬浮物中的富集程度远远大于其他重金属元素,这或许正是Cd可以形成沿江流域性异常的主要原因;长江干流悬浮物中重金属元素含量的变化明显受到沿江支流的影响。安徽段长江干流及其主要支流重金属元素输出通量定量计算结果表明:秋蒲河是安徽段重金属元素输出通量最大的支流,每年在安徽段长江两岸土壤中沉积下约4.45t的Cd。利用悬浮物加密测量、1∶5万土壤测量和岩石测量对顺安河流域Cd异常源追踪结果显示:内生金属矿床特别是铅锌矿是悬浮物中Cd的最大的供应源。采用河漫滩沉积物分层采样技术和同位素测年技术,初步恢复了研究区Cd等重金属元素沉积和污染的地球化学历史,对研究区Cd等重金属元素异常的未来演变趋势进行了预警预测。  相似文献   

湘西洛塔表层岩溶泉的生态环境类型及水文特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邹胜章  朱远峰  梁彬  陈鸿汉  夏日元  唐建生 《地学前缘》2008,15(4):190-197

岩溶石山区表层岩溶带的调蓄功能可有效控制石漠化的加剧并为严重缺水地区提供饮用水。文章以湖南洛塔为例,在大量的野外调查基础上,通过对洛塔岩溶区表层岩溶系统生态环境与表层岩溶泉水文特征的对比研究,按生态环境属性将表层岩溶泉分为三种主要类型:森林环境表层岩溶泉、石漠化环境表层岩溶泉及石漠化-森林过渡环境表层岩溶泉。详细论述上述三种表层岩溶泉的发育条件与水文特征:森林环境表层岩溶泉具有持续稳定的水文动态与流量;石漠化环境表层岩溶泉流量与降雨量相对应,动态极不稳定;石漠化与森林过渡环境表层岩溶泉流量排泄峰值具有随泉域植被覆盖率增加而缓和的趋势。按照环境类型对表层岩溶泉进行分类,可直观地显示其特殊的水文特征,有助于岩溶泉的合理开发和综合利用。  相似文献   

成都经济区天降水与下渗水元素地球化学特征及土壤元素输入输出通量   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘东盛  杨忠芳  夏学齐  侯青叶  余涛 《地学前缘》2008,15(5):74

论文研究了成都经济区天降水和下渗水中元素含量、在农田耕层中的输入输出通量及其影响因素.研究表明,研究区雨水中含有大量SO2-4、NO-3等酸性物质,雨水中SO2-4 >NO-3>Cl-.雨水中Ca2 和NH 4含量最高,且NH 4>Ca2 >K >Na >Mg2 .雨水的pH与阴、阳离子摩尔浓度差值具有显著相关性.下渗水中以Ca2 为主要阳离子,且Ca2 >Na >Mg2 >K >NH 4;HCO-3为主要阴离子,且HCO-3>NO-3>SO2-4>Cl->F-,下渗水pH与阳、阴离子摩尔浓度差值具有显著相关性.不同地区雨水中Pb>As>Cd>Se>Hg,下渗水中Pb>As>Se>Cd>Hg,因此,Cd、Pb、Se和Hg等元素累积在耕层中,而As则被下渗水携带迁移出耕层进入地下水.由降雨输入土壤中的Cd通量均大于下渗水输出Cd的通量,局部地区As下渗通量高于雨水输入通量的5.45～13.16倍.土壤中元素的下渗比与土壤质地、pH有关.  相似文献   

禹城市城乡用地结构和布局分析     

张霞  马淑玲  刘侠  苑金环 《山东地质》2008,24(2):24-27

统筹城乡用地、优化城乡用地结构和布局,既是节约和集约用地的重要途径,又是统筹城乡发展的客观需要。通过分析禹城市城乡用地结构和布局,提出优化城乡用地结构和布局的建议和对策,从而为制定合理的土地利用总体规划提供基本的依据。  相似文献