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81.
82.
祁连山老虎沟流域产汇流特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究老虎沟流域冰川产汇流特征,根据老虎沟流域2009年消融期4-10月的气象与水文观测资料,采用排除和不排除降水对冰雪消融产流影响的方法,对老虎沟流域融水径流的产流特征、白天和夜晚径流特征、径流的滞后效应进行了分析。结果表明： 5-9月各月流量占到整个消融期流量的比例分别为7%、26%、33%、19%、14%。降水对河流的产流贡献率约为22%,冰雪融水和地下水对河流的产流贡献率为78％。观测期内,除5月外,白天流量全部大于晚上流量,而且6-8月白天和夜晚径流之间的差值较大。老虎沟冰川区以裸冰消融为主,冰面湖较少而且小,汇流较快,储水性能并不明显。5-9月流量峰值和谷值平均分别滞后气温7.0 h、3.5 h、2.5 h、2.5 h和4.5 h,冰川排水系统也随着流量变化经历慢速-快速-慢速的变化过程。 相似文献
83.
地下水人工回灌堵塞问题研究进展 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
地下水人工回灌堵塞问题的产生与回灌水质、入渗介质的矿物成分及颗粒组成特征等多种因素有关,通常根据成因将堵塞分为物理堵塞、化学堵塞和生物堵塞3种类型。大颗粒悬浮物的物理堵塞效应与机理的研究比较成熟,但对于中间颗粒,尤其是胶体颗粒物的堵塞作用机制的研究还相对比较薄弱;化学堵塞的机理复杂,影响因素众多,水文地球化学模拟技术在化学堵塞机理的研究中显示了良好的应用前景;生物堵塞主要由回灌水中细菌和藻类等微生物的繁殖和代谢导致,大量的研究集中在细菌方面,对藻类引起的堵塞问题研究尚不深入;多种堵塞的相互作用过程和作用机理是目前研究的难点问题。堵塞预测的方法主要包括3种:①指标法(如MFI、悬浮物浓度、浊度、AOC、BFR等),简单实用,但不能对堵塞演化过程进行描述或对堵塞程度进行定量表达;②经验公式法,受特定场地的条件限制,难以直接推广和利用;③解析公式法,对堵塞机理的表达更加科学、合理,但模型的建立与求解难度较大。通过合理的水质预处理技术和合理的回灌工艺,可以有效延迟堵塞发生的时间、减缓堵塞累积的程度。开发快速、高效、简单的堵塞处理技术对于延长工程使用寿命和降低经济成本具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
84.
A comparison between HBr-HCl and HBr-HNO3 based anion chemistry is presented to test the efficiency of Pb purification in the preparation of samples for isotope ratio measurement by ICP-MS. It was found that the small advantages in yield and blank offered by the HNO3 -based method were more than compensated by the more effective matrix removal of the HCl-based method. Apart from very zinc rich matrices (e.g., sphalerite), a careful single pass purification using HBr and HCl removed more than 99.9% of the matrix. In preparation for the isotope ratio analysis, a small (2–5% m/v) liquid sample aliquot was analysed to determine U, Th and Pb concentrations by solution quadrupole ICP-MS. This allowed accurate prediction of the expected ion signal and permitted optimal spiking with Tl, if desired, for mass bias correction. Long-term results for international rock reference materials showed reproducibilities of better than 1% (Th/U) and 1.5% (U/Pb). For most geological applications, such analyses obviate the need for isotope dilution concentration measurements. 相似文献
85.
LA-ICPMS原位微区面扫描技术的发展对解析具有包裹体、环带结构的矿物或受多期岩浆/热液活动影响形成的溶蚀再结晶的矿物具有重要的地质意义。黄铁矿作为最普遍的硫化物种类之一,可形成于各种类型矿床中,其微量元素组份记录了矿床形成过程的重要信息。通过LA-ICPMS原位微区面扫描技术获得的黄铁矿晶体内部结构组份信息可用来限定成矿流体的性质、厘定成矿流体的演化规律、示踪成矿物质来源、约束变形变质作用过程中元素的活化和迁移行为,以及约束矿床成因等。本次研究选取了内蒙古二连盆地中巴彦乌拉大型铀矿床、辽宁青城子地区榛子沟铅锌矿、加拿大Pardo砂金矿中的黄铁矿作为研究对象,运用原位微区LA-ICPMS元素面扫描技术揭示其内部组份及结构信息,探索该技术在不同类型矿床中的应用价值。巴彦乌拉大型砂岩型铀矿床中的黄铁矿的内部组构信息显示成矿体系的p H和Eh对硫酸盐还原细菌活动均有影响,并控制与之相关的铀矿化;且成矿体系的p H和Eh受到外界不断供给的地下水的影响,呈振荡性变化。辽宁榛子沟铅锌矿中的黄铁矿的内部组构信息显示矿化过程受到了至少两期流体活动的叠加影响,包括早期同沉积时期的流体以及晚期与燕山期岩浆活动有关的热液流体。加拿大Pardo金矿中黄铁矿的内部组构信息显示矿床中半自形-自形的黄铁矿实际包含碎屑成因的磨圆状核部及后期热液活动形成的增生边;金主要呈浸染状分布在碎屑成因的黄铁矿核部,后期热液活动对金矿化影响微弱。 相似文献
86.
A method is developed which for a certain day permits the approximate calculation of closed small and large scale magnetic field lines. From the photospheric longitudinal components of the magnetic field measured at this day normal components are derived taking into account the curvature of the solar surface. The magnetic fields are assumed to be potential or force-free fields.The method is applied to observations of September 5 and September 7, 1973. The projected magnetic field lines are compared with the loop structures which are visible in XUV pictures taken on these days. In the cases where no good agreement could be obtained for potential fields, force-free fields are calculated and fitted to the observed structures. 相似文献
87.
88.
We report high‐precision inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP‐MS) compositional data for 39 trace elements in a variety of dust deposits, trapped sediments and surface samples from New Zealand and Australia. Dusts collected from the surface of alpine glaciers in the Southern Alps, New Zealand, believed to have undergone long‐distance atmospheric transport from Australia, are recognizable on account of their overabundances of Pb and Cu with respect to typical upper crustal values. Long‐travelled dust from Australia therefore scavenges these and other metals (e.g. Zn, Sb and Cd) from the atmosphere during transport and deposition. Hence, due to anthropogenic pollution, long‐travelled Australian dusts can be recognized by elevated metal contents. The relative abundance of 25 other elements that are not affected by atmospheric pollution, mineral sorting (Zr and Hf) and weathering[sol ]solubility (alkali and earth alkali elements) reflects the geochemistry of the dust source sediment. As a result, we are able to establish the provenance of dust using ultra‐trace‐element chemistry at regional scale. Comparison of long‐travelled dust chemistry with potential Australian sources shows that fits of variable quality are obtained. We propose that the best fitting potential source chemistry most likely represents the major dust source area. A binary mixing model is used to demonstrate that admixture of small quantities of local dust provides an even better fitting dust chemistry for the long‐travelled dusts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
89.
Peraluminous potassium-rich granitoids in the Semail Ophiolite 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Potassic granites are found as dikes and small stocks in the uppermost part of the mantle sequence of the Semail ophiolite, predominantly in the northern and less frequently in the central and southern part. New chemical analyses show that the biotite granites lie on the same evolutionary trend as the quartz diorites and tonalites, occurring as late intrusives in the gabboro and mantle sequence. Based on mineral chemistry, the P-T conditions of andalusite-cordierite bearing pegmatoidal granites were calculated, giving pressures of 1.8–2.2 kbar and a solidus within the stability field of andalusite. Hydrothermal experiments on five natural granite and tonalite compositions gave minimum melting between 650 and 675° C at 2 kbar. At 700° C, excess H2O, there is already 70–80% melt from the granitic starting compositions. Potassic granites in the ophiolite can be the result of extreme fractional crystallization in the late intrusive series. Granitic melts can also be produced by a two-stage process, in which fluids escaping from the underlying metamorphic sole trigger partial melting of the more felsic members in the ophiolite series. Two-mica granites and pegmatites in the underlying metamorphic sole, possibly melting products of amphibolites and biotite gneisses, are contemporaneous. These escaping fluids could also explain the Pb and Sr isotopic compositions of the leucocratic dikes, indicating variable crustal contamination. 相似文献
90.
甘南高寒牧区牧民参与合作经济组织的意愿及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在广大牧区发展牧民合作经济组织,对于提升畜牧业竞争力、增加牧民收入、培养新型牧民具有至关重要的作用。利用入户调查资料分析了甘南牧区牧民参与合作经济组织的意愿,通过实地调研总结了影响农户参与专业合作经济组织行为的主要因素,建立了牧民参与合作经济组织的行为模型,并运用Logistic模型进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:牧民参与合作经济组织的意愿受户主的受教育程度、畜牧业生产的专业化程度、畜产品的商品化程度等因素的影响。基于这些实证研究结果,提出了相关的政策建议。 相似文献