Fractal Characteristics of Shales Across a Maturation Gradient     

CHEN Yanyan  ZOU Caineng  HU Suyun  ZHU Rukai  BAI Bin 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(Z1):13-15

<正>1 Introduction Pore system in shales has attracted growing interest,given that gas storage capacity and gas producibility of shale reservoirs critically depend on shale porosity(Loucks et al.,2009;Bernard et al.,2012;Mastalerz et al.,2013).In spite of its importance,the investigation of pores in shale still remains challenging,owing to small pore sizes,wide pore size distributions,and,more importantly,  相似文献   

湘西碳酸岩山区页岩气地震勘探采集技术研究     

曾维望  常锁亮 《中国煤炭地质》2015,(1):66-71,76

湖南湘西碳酸盐岩山区不同时期灰岩出露,岩性变化较大,且受风化、淋滤、剥蚀作用,溶洞、裂缝十分发育,导致地震波能量衰减严重,且地震波传播路径和地震波场的复杂,地震原始资料信噪比较低。针对上述问题,采用单/双井微测井相结合的精细浅表层结构调查方法,结合药柱长度和爆炸理论计算出的爆炸半径,动态设计井深激发方式。通过室内模拟计算,研究低频检波器多串、线性等组合接收方式在区内压制面波、折射波、多次折射及侧面波等多波干扰的效果,最终选择2串24个检波器等灵敏度组合及小道距、高覆盖观测等关键采集技术。实践表明,该区选择的观测系统较好的克服了南方岩溶地区地震勘探信噪比低的问题,具有极强的推广价值。  相似文献   

轻量化城市信息模型(CIM)构建技术研究     

周文  郭燕燕  邹伟林  丁志庆  宋红亮 《地理信息世界》2021,28(4):119-123

本文针对城市信息模型(City Information Modeling,CIM)快速构建与城市级海量三维数据渲染调度需求,深入研究了轻量化CIM构建核心技术环节,从CIM快速构建、模型轻量化和三维立体空间索引3方面提出了解决方案.最后以某地级市场景为例,对关键技术可行性及应用效果进行了验证.结果表明关键技术成果能够满足城市大批量三维模型快速建设以及地上地下一体化管理需求,提高了全空间模型渲染调度和查询分析效率,对于推动CIM平台建设有着重要的参考意义.  相似文献   

酶诱导碳酸钙沉淀(EICP)技术及其在岩土工程中的应用     

曹光辉  刘士雨  俞缙  蔡燕燕  胡洲  毛坤海 《高校地质学报》2021,27(6):754-768

通过酶诱导生成碳酸钙沉淀来改良土壤的技术被称为EICP,由于其应用广泛,在过去十多年来引起了越来越多的关注。文章从EICP的机理出发,总结植物脲酶和细菌脲酶的提取方法,探究脲酶、钙源、尿素、脱脂奶粉、温度和pH等因素对EICP胶结效果的影响,归纳检测EICP加固试样的强度、碳酸钙含量、微观结构和成分的方法,并对EICP在岩土工程的应用进行总结与评述。目的是展示目前国内外关于EICP的研究现状,展望未来的研究方向及需要克服的问题。  相似文献   

Assimilation of Doppler Radar Observations with an Ensemble Square Root Filter：A Squall Line Case Study          下载免费PDF全文

QIN Yanyan  GONG Jiandong  LI Zechun  SHENG Rifeng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(2):230-251

The effectiveness of using an Ensemble Square Root Filter（EnSRF） to assimilate real Doppler radar observations on convective scale is investigated by applying the technique to a case of squall line on 12July 2005 in midwest Shandong Province using the Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF） model.The experimental results show that：（1） The EnSRF system has the potential to initiate a squall line accurately by assimilation of real Doppler radar data.The convective-scale information has been added into the WRF model through radar data assimilation and thus the analyzed fields are improved noticeably.The model spin-up time has been shortened,and the precipitation forecast is improved accordingly.（2） Compared with the control run,the deterministic forecast initiated with the ensemble mean analysis of EnSRF produces more accurate prediction of microphysical fields.The predicted wind and thermal fields are reasonable and in accordance with the characteristics of convective storms.（3） The propagation direction of the squall line from the ensemble mean analysis is consistent with that of the observation,but the propagation speed is larger than the observed.The effective forecast period for this squall line is about 5-6 h,probably because of the nonlinear development of the convective storm.  相似文献   

Relative humidity history on the Batang–Litang Plateau of western China since 1755 reconstructed from tree-ring δ18O and δD     

Wenling An  Xiaohong Liu  Steven W. Leavitt  Guobao Xu  Xiaomin Zeng  Wenzhi Wang  Dahe Qin  Jiawen Ren 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(9-10):2639-2654

We measured the annual variation in the stable isotopes of oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and hydrogen (δD) in tree rings of Abies georgei on the Batang–Litang Plateau of western China. Although correlations between tree-ring δ¹⁸O and δD are relatively weak in semi-arid regions, we found a strong correlation between the δ¹⁸O and δD time series from 1755 to 2009 under the wetter environment. Tree-ring δ¹⁸O and δD time series are both significantly and negatively correlated with moisture conditions from June to August, including relative humidity and total precipitation, respectively, from 1960 to 2009. Considering the difference in low-frequency domain between the two isotopes, the relative humidity histories from June to August, reconstructed separately from the tree-ring δ¹⁸O and δD data with instrumental climate data, reveal a persistent drying trend since 1850s, especially since the early 1970s. There is an obvious offset of reconstructed relative humidity from tree-ring δ¹⁸O and δD in the period 1755–1820, despite the strong similarity in their 21-year moving averages. The decreased relative humidity since the 1850s may be associated with the thermal contrast between the sea surface temperature of the Indian Ocean and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which determines the strength of moisture transfer via the Indian summer monsoon.  相似文献   

Use of species-specific PCR for the identification of 10 sea cucumber species     

文菁  曾玲 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(6):1257-1263

We developed a species-specific PCR method to identify species among dehydrated products of 10 sea cucumber species. Ten reverse species-specific primers designed from the 16S rRNA gene, in combination with one forward universal primer, generated PCR fragments of ca. 270 bp length for each species. The specificity of the PCR assay was tested with DNA of samples of 21 sea cucumber species. Amplification was observed in specific species only. The species-specific PCR method we developed was successfully applied to authenticate species of commercial products of dehydrated sea cucumber, and was proven to be a useful, rapid, and low-cost technique to identify the origin of the sea cucumber product.  相似文献   

Change of Soil Organic Carbon after Cropland Afforestation in ′Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control′ Program Area in China   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

ZENG Xinhua  ;ZHANG Wanjun  ;LIU Xiuping  ;CAO Jiansheng  ;SHEN Huitao  ;ZHAO Xin  ;ZHANG Nan-nan  ;BAI Yuru  ;Yi Mei 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(4):461-470

Land use change is one of the major factors that affect soil organic carbon(SOC) variation and global carbon balance. However, the effects of land use change on SOC are always variable. In this study, using a series of paired-field experiments, we estimated the effects of revegetation types and environmental conditions on SOC stock and vertical distribution after replacement of cropland with poplar(Populus tomentosa) and korshinsk peashrub(Caragana korshinskii) in three climate regions(Chifeng City, Fengning City and Datong City of the ′Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control′(BTSSC) program area. The results show that SOC sequestration rate ranges from 0.15 Mg/(ha·yr) to 3.76 Mg/(ha·yr) in the soil layer of 0–100 cm in early stage after cropland afforestation in the BTSSC program area. The SOC accumulation rates are the highest in Fengning for both the two vegetation types. Compared to C. korshinskii, P. tomentosa has greater effects on SOC accumulation in the three climate regions, but significantly greater effect only appears in Datong. The SOC density increases by 20%–111% and 15%–59% for P. tomentosa and 9%–63% and 0–73% for C. korshinskii in the 0–20 cm and 20–100 cm soil layers, respectively. Our results indicate that cropland afforestation not only affects SOC stock in the topsoil, but also has some effects on subsoil carbon. However, the effect of cropland afforestation on SOC accumulation varied with climate regions and revegetation types. Considering the large area of revegetation and relatively high SOC accumulation rate, SOC sequestration in the BTSSC program should contribute significantly to decrease the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.  相似文献   

Summer precipitation changes over the Yangtze River Valley and North China: Simulations from CMIP3 models     

Gang Zeng  Wei-Chyung Wang  Caiming Shen  Zhixin Hao 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2014,50(3):355-364

We present a study of summer precipitation changes over the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) and North China (NC) simulated from 20 models of the CMIP3 (phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project). It is found that the LASG-FGOALS-g1.0 (fgoals) model has the highest ability in simulating both the interannual variability of individual regions and the seesaw pattern of the two regions observed during the past few decades. Analyses of atmospheric circulations indicate that the variability in precipitation is closely associated with the 850 hPa meridional winds over the two regions. Wetness in the YRV and dryness in NC are corresponding to strong meridional wind gradient and weak meridional wind over these two regions, respectively. The ability of a coupled general circulation model (CGCM) to simulate precipitation changes in the YRV and NC depends on how well the model reproduces both observed associations of precipitation with overlying meridional winds and observed meridional wind features in summer. Analysis of future precipitation changes over the two regions projected by the fgoals model under the IPCC scenarios B1 and A1B suggests a significant increase of 7–15% for NC after 2040s due to the strengthened meridional winds, and a slight increase over the YRV due to less significant intensification of the Mei-yu front.  相似文献   

Effects of errors-in-variables on weighted least squares estimation   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Peiliang Xu  Jingnan Liu  Wenxian Zeng  Yunzhong Shen 《Journal of Geodesy》2014,88(7):705-716

Although total least squares (TLS) is more rigorous than the weighted least squares (LS) method to estimate the parameters in an errors-in-variables (EIV) model, it is computationally much more complicated than the weighted LS method. For some EIV problems, the TLS and weighted LS methods have been shown to produce practically negligible differences in the estimated parameters. To understand under what conditions we can safely use the usual weighted LS method, we systematically investigate the effects of the random errors of the design matrix on weighted LS adjustment. We derive the effects of EIV on the estimated quantities of geodetic interest, in particular, the model parameters, the variance–covariance matrix of the estimated parameters and the variance of unit weight. By simplifying our bias formulae, we can readily show that the corresponding statistical results obtained by Hodges and Moore (Appl Stat 21:185–195, 1972) and Davies and Hutton (Biometrika 62:383–391, 1975) are actually the special cases of our study. The theoretical analysis of bias has shown that the effect of random matrix on adjustment depends on the design matrix itself, the variance–covariance matrix of its elements and the model parameters. Using the derived formulae of bias, we can remove the effect of the random matrix from the weighted LS estimate and accordingly obtain the bias-corrected weighted LS estimate for the EIV model. We derive the bias of the weighted LS estimate of the variance of unit weight. The random errors of the design matrix can significantly affect the weighted LS estimate of the variance of unit weight. The theoretical analysis successfully explains all the anomalously large estimates of the variance of unit weight reported in the geodetic literature. We propose bias-corrected estimates for the variance of unit weight. Finally, we analyze two examples of coordinate transformation and climate change, which have shown that the bias-corrected weighted LS method can perform numerically as well as the weighted TLS method.  相似文献