Transverse seismic kinematics of single piles by a modified Vlasov model     

Qijian Liu  Fangjun Deng  Yibin He 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(18):1953-1968

Within the framework of soil–pile interaction, a novel displacement scheme for the transverse kinematic response of single piles to vertically propagating S waves is proposed on the basis of the modified Vlasov foundation model. The displacement model contains a displacement function along the pile axis and an attenuation function along the radial direction. The governing equations and boundary conditions of the two undetermined functions are obtained in a coupled form by using Hamilton's principle. An iterative algorithm is adopted to decouple and solve the two unknown functions. In light of the governing equation of the pile kinematics, a mechanical model is proposed to evaluate the present method on a physical basis considering material damping. The coefficient of the equivalent Winkler spring is derived explicitly as function of the displacement decay parameter γ and soil Poisson's ratio. A parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of the soil–pile system properties on the kinematic response of single piles. The results show that the dimensionless pile length controls the transverse kinematics of piles. In terms of the theory of beams on elastic foundation, the classification limits of the dimensionless pile length may be π ∕ 4 and π, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

顾及层析区域外测站的GNSS水汽层析建模方法     

赵庆志  姚宜斌  姚顽强 《测绘学报》2021,50(3):285-294

针对传统水汽层析技术无法利用层析区域外GNSS测站数据的现状,提出一种顾及层析区域外测站数据的三维水汽建模方法.基于GPT2w模型计算层析区域的水汽密度初始场,首先,引入比例系数并联合水汽密度初值确定该比例系数表达式;然后,估计层析区域外测站信号在区域内的水汽含量;最后,构建顾及层析区域外测站数据的水汽观测方程.本文方法能够有效利用层析区域外的测站数据,改善层析结果的精度和可靠性,但仅能利用层析区域外一定范围内的测站.选取浙江CORS网中24个GNSS测站和一个无线电探空站共23 d的数据进行验证.试验结果表明,相对于传统层析方法,本文方法的射线利用率和有射线穿过的体素数分别提高了26.8％ 和14.9％;以探空数据为参考基准,本文方法计算的IWV和水汽密度均优于传统方法.  相似文献   

城市群人口流动空间网络及影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张伟丽  郝智娟  王伊斌  魏瑞博 《地理科学》2023,43(1):72-81

选取2015—2018年11个城市群的人口流动频次数据,运用复杂网络分析和QAP(Quadratic Assignment Procedure,二次指派程序)分析方法,研究不同发展阶段城市群间以及城市群内部人口流动空间网络格局及演变,进一步分析影响因素。主要结论有：(1)城市群间人口流动空间网络呈现明显的“钻石”结构,而城市群内部表现为不同丰度的“金字塔”结构,优化提升阶段城市群是人口流动的主体区域,其城市群内部与城市群之间人口流动空间网络结构相较于其他两个阶段更复杂。(2)人口流动空间网络格局相对稳定,以“胡焕庸线”为人口流动总量的分界线,在优化提升阶段的城市群作用之下,东部城市群的人口流动总频次远大于中西部,呈现出稳定的“东密西疏”结构。(3)城市群内部人口流动空间网络均呈现小世界特性,形成明显的以相邻城市为主体的“凝聚子群”。(4)城市群人口流动空间网络影响因素存在差异,舒适度水平逐渐成为人口流动的重要驱动因子。人均绿地面积、失业保险参保人数占总人口比重、人均道路面积、人均专利授权量和年均气温等在多个城市群的人口流动空间网络形成中均发挥了显著作用,而在岗职工平均工资对不同城市群的...  相似文献   

探讨中国区域的WGS-84与PZ-90坐标转换参数     

李程春  姚宜斌  黄承猛  陈鹏  彭文飞 《测绘信息与工程》2011,(5):35-37,40

针对全球范围内WGS-84与PZ-90坐标系转换参数不统一问题,结合中国区域GPS全球IGS永久跟踪站坐标,探讨并研究了适合中国的转换参数,对GPS/GLONASS组合应用有重要意义。  相似文献   

利用时间序列分析预报电离层TEC   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

陈鹏  姚宜斌  吴寒 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,(3)

以IGS发布的电离层总电子含量(total electron content,TEC)数据为样本,利用时间序列分析进行预报。将TEC时间序列分解为趋势项、周期项和随机项的组合,并利用相关系数和偏相关系数确定模型阶数。对IGS提供的2008年TEC数据进行预报分析,结果表明,采用时间序列分析能达到较高精度,预报7 d时的平均相对精度为87.75%,预报精度大于60%的预报值占所有预报值的95%以上,预报精度大于85%的预报值占所有预报值的72.6%,95.3%的预报残差小于±3 TECU。  相似文献   

基于渐进三角网的机载LiDAR点云数据滤波     

隋立春  张熠斌  张硕  陈卫 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,36(10):1159-1163

机载LiDAR点云数据滤波是获取高精度数字高程模型的关键,也是目前LiDAR点云数据处理领域研究的重点和难点之一。提出了基于渐进三角网的机载LiDAR点云数据滤波方法,首先以规则格网和不规则三角网组织数据,采用区域分块法或数学形态学法选取种子地面点建立初始稀疏三角网,通过不断向上加密三角网提取地面点。试验结果表明,该算...  相似文献   

利用ECMWF改善射线利用率的三维水汽层析算法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵庆志  姚宜斌  姚顽强  陈鹏  吴满意 《测绘学报》2018,47(9):1179-1187

针对传统水汽层析技术只能利用完整穿过研究区域射线重构三维水汽的缺陷,提出了一种利用欧洲中尺度天气预报中心格网产品改善三维水汽反演射线利用率的方法。该方法通过引入比例因子,计算出侧面穿出射线在层析区域内的水汽含量,并参与观测方程的建立。利用香港卫星定位参考站网的实测全球定位系统和气象数据,结合该区域的无线电探空站45004和ECMWF格网点数据,对该方法的可行性及精度进行验证。试验结果表明：相对于传统方法,该方法的射线利用率和网格覆盖率分别提高了55.16%和16.46%;分别以探空数据和ECMWF格网数据为参考基准,发现提出的方法其均方根误差、平均绝对偏差和相对误差等均优于传统方法。  相似文献   

Laboratory experiments on three-dimensional deformable granular landslides on planar and conical slopes     

Brian C. McFall  Fahad Mohammed  Hermann M. Fritz  Yibin Liu 《Landslides》2018,15(9):1713-1730

Landslides of subaerial and submarine origin may generate tsunamis with locally extreme amplitudes and runup. While the landslides themselves are dangerous, the hazards are compounded by the generation of tsunamis along coastlines, in enclosed water bodies, and off continental shelves and islands. Tsunamis generated by three-dimensional deformable granular landslides were studied on planar and conical hill slopes in the three-dimensional NEES tsunami wave basin at Oregon State University based on the generalized Froude similarity. A unique pneumatic landslide tsunami generator (LTG) was deployed to control the kinematics and acceleration of the naturally rounded river gravel and cobble landslides to simulate broad ranges of landslide shapes and velocities along the slope. Lateral and overhead cameras are used to measure the landslide shapes and kinematics, while acoustic transducers provide the shape of the subaqueous deposits. The subaerial landslide shape is extracted from the camera images as the landslide propagates under gravity down the hill slope, and surface reconstruction of the landslide is conducted using the stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV) system on the conical hill slope. Subaerial landslide surface velocities are measured with a planar PIV system on the planar hill slope and stereo PIV system on the conical hill slope. The submarine deposits are characterized by the runout distances and the deposit thickness distributions. Larger cobbles are observed producing hummock type features near the maximum runout length. These unique laboratory landslide experiments serve to validate deformable landslide models as well as provide the source characteristics for tsunami generation.  相似文献   

红外相机记录的河西走廊荒漠生态系统中兽类和鸟类的群落动态     

林永一  王永珍  赵文智  李锋瑞  巴义彬  刘继亮 《中国沙漠》2022,42(3):159-169

河西走廊地势狭长,位于两山之间,主要由荒漠构成,生境一旦遭到破坏,当地物种将很难找到替代的栖息地。本文以河西走廊中部典型砾质戈壁为研究区,经由2019—2020年红外相机和人工观测等方式监测到的兽类和鸟类数据为基准,探讨其群落动态及活动节律。结果表明：砾质戈壁兽类中的国家Ⅱ级重点保护及“三有”（有重要生态、科学、社会价值）动物有6种,而砾质戈壁鸟类中的国家Ⅱ级重点保护及“三有”动物有8种。兽类群落的季节变化小,春季鹅喉羚（Gazella subgutturosa）等的相对多度指数略高于其他季节,三趾跳鼠（Dipus sagitta）在4月大量出现;鸟类群落季节变化明显,春、夏季和秋季鸟类的相对多度指数高于冬季,物种数在夏季和秋季达到峰值。兽类和鸟类的相对多度变化趋势相似,均在夏末和春季达到顶峰。兽类的月相对多度指数与土壤含水量呈极显著的负相关,鹅喉羚和沙狐（Vulpes corsac）等日活动节律受人类活动影响出现在夜间、黄昏或黎明。鸟类的月相对多度指数与人类活动、空气温度、土壤温度和节肢动物均呈显著正相关,但人类活动在生长季会降低一些鸟类的活动频率。总之,河西走廊中部戈壁是鹅喉羚、沙狐、红隼（Falco tinnunculus）、锲尾伯劳（Lanius sphenocercus）、黑尾地鸦（Podoces hendersoni）、沙鵖（Oenanthe isabellina）、漠鵖（Oenanthe deserti）和短趾百灵（Calandrella cheleensis）等兽类和鸟类的主要栖息地,建立沙化土地封禁保护区对保护荒漠动物多样性具有重要的生态意义。  相似文献   

How Snow Leopards Share the Same Landscape with Tibetan Agro-pastoral Communities in the Chinese Himalayas     

XIAO Changxi  BAI Defeng  Joseph P. LAMBERT  LI Yibin  Lhaba CERING  GONG Ziling  Philip RIORDAN  SHI Kun 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(3):483-500

The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits a human-altered alpine landscape and is often tolerated by residents in regions where the dominant religion is Tibetan Buddhism, including in Qomolangma NNR on the northern side of the Chinese Himalayas. Despite these positive attitudes, many decades of rapid economic development and population growth can cause increasing disturbance to the snow leopards, altering their habitat use patterns and ultimately impacting their conservation. We adopted a dynamic landscape ecology perspective and used multi- scale technique and occupancy model to better understand snow leopard habitat use and coexistence with humans in an 825 km² communal landscape. We ranked eight hypothetical models containing potential natural and anthropogenic drivers of habitat use and compared them between summer and winter seasons within a year. HABITAT was the optimal model in winter, whereas ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE was the top ranking in summer (AICc_w≤2). Overall, model performance was better in the winter than in the summer, suggesting that perhaps some latent summer covariates were not measured. Among the individual variables, terrain ruggedness strongly affected snow leopard habitat use in the winter, but not in the summer. Univariate modeling suggested snow leopards prefer to use rugged land in winter with a broad scale (4000 m focal radius) but with a lesser scale in summer (30 m); Snow leopards preferred habitat with a slope of 22° at a scale of 1000 m throughout both seasons, which is possibly correlated with prey occurrence. Furthermore, all covariates mentioned above showed inextricable ties with human activities (presence of settlements and grazing intensity). Our findings show that multiple sources of anthropogenic activity have complex connections with snow leopard habitat use, even under low human density when anthropogenic activities are sparsely distributed across a vast landscape. This study is also valuable for habitat use research in the future, especially regarding covariate selection for finite sample sizes in inaccessible terrain.  相似文献