Evaluation of typhoon‐induced rainfall using nonparametric Monte Carlo simulation and locally weighted polynomial regression     

Tae‐Suk Oh  Young‐Il Moon  Hyun‐Han Kwon 《水文研究》2011,25(11):1765-1777

Typhoons in Korea are the major causes of natural disasters in the Korean peninsula. In this study, rainfall generated by typhoons was quantitatively analysed using various statistical methods. First, the frequency analysis of rainfall induced by typhoons was carried out to calculate the design rainfall. Second, the frequency analysis of simulated rainfall derived by nonparametric Monte Carlo simulation (NMCS) was performed to evaluate the uncertainty of rainfall caused by typhoons. Third, the regression relationship between the physical characteristic factors of typhoons and rainfall was established by locally weighted polynomial regression (LWPR), and the characteristic factors of typhoons were simulated. The simulated characteristic factors were then used to estimate rainfall and to calculate the design rainfall by typhoons. Comparative analyses of design rainfalls as estimated using various statistical methods were performed. The LWPR showed good performance in terms of reproducing typhoon characteristics. Therefore, the combined NMCS and LWPR method suggested in this study can be used as a supplementary technique for assessing extreme rainfall with climate change and reflected variability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Uncertainty assessment of hydrologic and climate forecast models in Northeastern Brazil     

Hyun‐Han Kwon  Francisco de Assis de Souza Filho  Paul Block  Liqiang Sun  Upmanu Lall  Dirceu S. Reis Jr 《水文研究》2012,26(25):3875-3885

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Evaluation of building period formulas for seismic design     

Oh‐Sung Kwon  Eung Soo Kim 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(14):1569-1583

Building period formulas in seismic design code are evaluated with over 800 apparent building periods from 191 building stations and 67 earthquake events. The evaluation is carried out with the formulas in ASCE 7‐05 for steel and RC moment‐resisting frames, shear wall buildings, braced frames, and other structural types. Qualitative comparison of measured periods and periods calculated from the code formulas shows that the formula for steel moment‐resisting frames generally predicts well the lower bound of the measured periods for all building heights. But the differences between the periods from code formula and measured periods of low‐ to‐medium rise buildings are relatively high. In addition, the periods of essential buildings designed with the importance factor are about 40% shorter than the periods of non‐essential buildings. The code formula for RC moment‐resisting frames describes well the lower bound of measured periods. The formula for braced frames accurately predicts the lower bound periods of low‐to‐medium rise buildings. The formula for shear wall buildings overestimates periods for all building heights. For buildings that are classified as other structural types, the measured building periods can be much shorter than the periods calculated with the code formula. Based on these observations, it is suggested to use C_r factor of 0.015 for shear walls and other structural types. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Dissolved organic phosphorus utilization and alkaline phosphatase activity of the dinoflagellate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gymnodinium impudicum</Emphasis> isolated from the South Sea of Korea     

Seok Jin Oh  Hyeong Kyu Kwon  Il Hyeon Noh  Han-Soeb Yang 《Ocean Science Journal》2010,45(3):171-178

This study investigated alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity and dissolved organic and inorganic phosphorus utilization by the harmful dinoflagellate Gymnodinium impudicum (Fraga et Bravo) Hansen et Moestrup isolated from the South Sea of Korea. Under conditions of limited phosphorus, observation of growth kinetics in batch culture yielded a maximum growth rate (μ_max) of 0.41 /day and a half saturation constant (Ks) of 0.71 μM. In time-course experiments, APase was induced as dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations fell below 0.83 μM, a threshold near the estimated Ks; APase activity increased with further DIP depletion to a maximum of 0.70 pmol/cell/h in the senescent phase. Thus, Ks may be an important index of the threshold DIP concentration for APase induction. G. impudicum utilizes a wide variety of dissolved organic phosphorus compounds in addition to DIP. These results suggest that DIP limitation in the Southern Sea of Korea may have led to the spread of G. impudicum along with the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides in recent years.  相似文献   

Beta gyres in global analysis fields     

Sun-Hee KIM  H. Joe KWON  R. L. ELSBERRY 《大气科学进展》2009,26(5):984-994

A three-component decomposition is applied to global analysis data to show the existence of a beta gyre, which causes Tropical Cyclone (TC) to drift from a large-scale environmental steering current. Analyses from the Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GDAPS) of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), the Global Forecast System (GFS) of NCEP, and the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) are used in this study. The structure of the beta gyre obtained in our analyses is in good agreement with the theoretical structure, with a cyclonic circulation to the southwest of the TC center, an anticyclonic circulation to the northeast, and a ventilation flow directed northwestward near the center. The circulation of the beta gyre is strongest at the 850-hPa level where the cyclonically swirling primary circulation is strongest, and decreases with height, in a pyramid shape similar to the primary circulation. The individual structure of the beta gyre is case- and model-dependent. At a certain analysis time, one model may clearly reveal a well-defined beta gyre, but the other models may not. Within one model, the beta gyre may be well defined at some analysis times, but not at other times. The structure of the beta gyre in the analysis field is determined by the nature of the vortex initialization scheme and the model behavior during the 6-h forecast in the operational data assimilation cycle.  相似文献   

Surface complexation of Pb(II) by hexagonal birnessite nanoparticles     

Kideok D. Kwon  Keith Refson 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(23):6731-6740

Natural hexagonal birnessite is a poorly crystalline layer type Mn(IV) oxide precipitated by bacteria and fungi which has a particularly high adsorption affinity for Pb(II). X-ray spectroscopic studies have shown that Pb(II) forms strong inner-sphere surface complexes mainly at two sites on hexagonal birnessite nanoparticles: triple corner-sharing (TCS) complexes on Mn(IV) vacancies in the interlayers and double edge-sharing (DES) complexes on lateral edge surfaces. Although the TCS surface complex has been well characterized by spectroscopy, some important questions remain about the structure and stability of the complexes occurring on the edge surfaces. First-principles simulation techniques such as density functional theory (DFT) offer a useful way to address these questions by providing complementary information that is difficult to obtain by spectroscopy. Following this computational approach, we used spin-polarized DFT to perform total-energy-minimization geometry optimizations of several possible Pb(II) surface complexes on model birnessite nanoparticles similar to those that have been studied experimentally. We first validated our DFT calculations by geometry optimizations of (1) the Pb-Mn oxyhydroxide mineral, quenselite (PbMnO₂OH), and (2) the TCS surface complex, finding good agreement with experimental structural data while uncovering new information about bonding and stability. Our geometry optimizations of several protonated variants of the DES surface complex led us to conclude that the observed edge-surface species is very likely to be this complex if the singly coordinated terminal O that binds to Pb(II) is protonated. Our geometry optimizations also revealed that an unhydrated double corner-sharing (DCS) species that has been proposed as an alternative to the DES complex is intrinsically unstable on nanoparticle edge surfaces, but could become stabilized if the local coordination environment is well-hydrated. A significant similarity exists in the structural parameters for the TCS complex and those for a DCS edge-surface complex that is protonated in the same manner as the optimal DES complex, which could complicate detecting the DCS complex in X-ray absorption spectra.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the seismic performance of a three‐story ordinary moment‐resisting concrete frame     

Sang Whan Han  Oh‐Sung Kwon  Li‐Hyung Lee 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(6):669-685

This study focuses on the seismic performance of Ordinary Moment‐Resisting Concrete Frames (OMRCF) designed only for gravity loads. For this purpose, a 3‐story OMRCF was designed in compliance with the minimum design requirements in the American Concrete Institute Building Code ACI 318 (1999). This model frame was a regular structure with flexure‐dominated response. A 1/3‐scale 3‐story model was constructed and tested under quasi‐static reversed cyclic lateral loading. The overall behavior of the OMRCF was quite stable without abrupt strength degradation. The measured base shear strength was larger than the design base shear force for seismic zones 1, 2A and 2B calculated using UBC 1997. Moreover, this study used the capacity spectrum method to evaluate the seismic performance of the frame. The capacity curve was obtained from the experimental results for the specimen and the demand curve was established using the earthquake ground motions recorded at various stations with different soil conditions. Evaluation of the test results shows that the 3‐story OMRCF can resist design seismic loads of zones 1, 2A, 2B, 3 and 4 with soil types S_A and S_B . For soil type S_C , the specimen was satisfactory in seismic zones 1, 2A, 2B and 3. For soil type S_D , the OMRCF was only satisfactory for seismic zones 1 and 2A. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Origin of Mesozoic gold mineralization in South Korea   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Seon-Gyu  Choi  Sung-Tack  Kwon  Jin-Han  Ree  Chil-Sup  So  Sang Joon  Pak 《Island Arc》2005,14(2):102-114

Abstract   The Mesozoic gold–silver deposits in South Korea are closely associated with the Mesozoic granitoids. The Jurassic gold–silver deposits can be distinguished from the Cretaceous ones in terms of occurrence, alteration style, gold fineness, associated mineral assemblage, fluid inclusion and stable isotopic compositions. The Jurassic deposits were formed in mesozonal environments related to deep-seated granitoids, whereas the Cretaceous ones were formed in epizonal environments related to shallow-level granitoids. The Jurassic auriferous deposits (about 165–145 Ma) show fluid characteristics typical of an orogenic-type gold deposit, and were probably generated in a compressional regime caused by an orthogonal convergence of the Izanagi oceanic plate into the Asiatic margin. However, strike-slip faults and caldera-related fractures, together with subvolcanic to volcanic activity, may have played an important role in the formation of Cretaceous gold–silver lode deposits (about 110–45 Ma) under a continental arc setting.  相似文献   

Cascadia边缘与天然气水合物共生沉积物中有机质碳、氮同位素组成及意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

于晓果  李家彪  龚建明  陈建芳  金肖兵  Young-Joo Lee  李宏亮  徐杰 《中国科学D辑》2006,36(5):421-429

Hydrate Ridge南高点ODP204航次5个站位54个沉积物样品中有机碳C, N同位素组成及C/N比值表明沉积物中的有机质主要来自海洋. 对1245B孔的系统分析表明天然气水合物的发育改变了沉积物中有机碳和氮同位素的成岩演化轨迹, 水合物发育处δ¹⁵N值和C/N比值同时变低, 且δ¹³C值相对较重; 在水合物稳定带内δ¹⁵N值的亏损将近2‰. 水合物发育处沉积物中氮含量的增加和δ¹⁵N值的亏损, 推断可能与天然气水合物发育处沉积物中细菌(包括古细菌)的固氮作用有关. 沉积物中有机质中碳、氮同位素的分布与沉积环境的变化同步响应, 同时亦反映流体活动的变化.  相似文献   

Statistical Methods for Jointly Estimating the Decay Constant of 40K and the Age of a Dating Standard     

Kwon  Jaimyoung  Min  Kyoungwon  Bickel  Peter J.  Renne  Paul R. 《Mathematical Geosciences》2002,34(4):457-474

Mathematical Geosciences - To simultaneously evaluate the decay constant of 40K (λ) and the age of a standard (t std) using isotopic data from geologic materials, we applied a series of...  相似文献