C) W. M. O.—O. M. M.     

W. LÁSZLÓFFY 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):76-115

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Geothermal effects in the formation of electrically conducting zones and temperature distribution in the earth     

A. Ádám 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1978,17(2):P21-P28

Pollack and Chapman have shown that the surface heat flow in continental regions is dependent not only on the earth's crust below the observation site, but also on the upper mantle there. Therefore heat flow can be used to investigate the role of the thermal conditions in the creation of the electrically conductive zones in both the crust and mantle.Empirical exponential formulas describe the depth to the conductivity increase in the crust corresponding to granitization, the depth to the conductive zone at the top of the asthenosphere (SLVZ), as a function of heat flow. Comparing the latter with temperature estimations in the asthenosphere it is concluded that partial melting of the upper mantle occurs only where $\text{q ? 42}\text{m W m}{}^{\mathrm{?2}}\text{? 1}\text{HFU}$.The depth to the conductivity increase corresponding to the mineralogic phase transition in the upper mantle is increased with high temperatures. Such a conductive zone shows that the maximum temperature difference between stable platform areas and active zones is about 1000°C.  相似文献   

Solar-Blind Diamond Detectors for Lyra, the Solar VUV Radiometer on Board Proba II     

A. Benmoussa  J.-F. Hochedez  W. K. Schmutz  U. SchÜhle  M. NeslÁdek  Y. Stockman  U. Kroth  M. Richter  A. Theissen  Z. Remes  K. Haenen  V. Mortet  S. Koller  J. P. Halain  R. Petersen  M. Dominique  M. D’Olieslaeger 《Experimental Astronomy》2003,16(3):141-148

Fabrication, packaging and experimental results on the calibration of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors made on diamond are reported. LYRA (Lyman- RAdiometer onboard PROBA-2) will use diamond detectors for the first time in space for a solar physics instrument. A set of measurement campaigns was designed to obtain the XUV-to-VIS responsivity of the devices and other characterizations. The measurements of responsivity in EUV and VUV spectral ranges (40–240 nm) have been carried out by the Physkalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Germany at the electron storage ring BESSY II. The longer wavelength range from 210 to 1127 nm was measured with monochromatic light by using a Xe-lamp at IMO-IMOMEC. The diamond detectors exhibit a photoresponse which lie in the 35–65 mA/W range at 200 nm (corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 20–40%) and indicate a visible rejection ratio (200–500 nm) higher than four orders of magnitude.  相似文献   

A Comparative Analysis of Transpiration and Bare Soil Evaporation   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Ferenc Ács 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2003,109(2):139-162

Transpiration E^v and bare soil evaporation E^b processes are comparatively analysed assuming homogeneous and inhomogeneous areal distributions of volumetric soil moisture content . For a homogeneous areal distribution of we use a deterministic model, while for inhomogeneous distributions a statistical-deterministic diagnostic surface energy balance model is applied. The areal variations of are simulated by Monte-Carlo runs assuming normal distributions of .The numerical experiments are performed for loam. In the experiments we used different parameterizations for vegetation and bare soil surface resistances and strong atmospheric forcing. According to the results theE^v()-^Eb() differences are great, especially in dry conditions. In spite of this, the available energy flux curves of vegetation A^v() and bare soil A^b() surfaces differ much less than the E^v() and ^Eb() curves. The results suggest that E^v is much more non-linearly related to environmental conditions than ^Eb. Both E^v and ^Eb depend on the distribution of , the wetness regime and the parameterization used. With the parameterizations, ^Eb showed greater variations than E^v. These results are valid when there are no advective effects or mesoscale circulation patterns and the stratification is unstable.  相似文献   

A record of pre-Variscan Barrovian regional metamorphism in the eastern part of the Slavonian Mountains (NE Croatia)     

D. Balen  P. Horváth  B. Tomljenović  F. Finger  B. Humer  J. Pamic  P. Árkai 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,87(1-2):143-162

Summary Petrological investigations and monazite dating are carried out on medium-grade metamorphic rocks (micaschist, gneiss and amphibolite) from the Kutjevačka Rijeka transect in the Slavonian Mts., Tisia Unit (NE Croatia). Field, mesoscopic and microstructural observations, as well as the preserved mineral chemistry, point to a single metamorphic event during peak assemblage growth reaching amphibolite facies conditions of ca. 600–650 °C and 8–11 kbar. Th, U and Pb contents of yttrium-rich accessory monazites indicate a pre-Variscan, i.e. Ordovician-Silurian age (444 ± 19 and 428 ± 25 Ma) for the medium-grade metamorphism of garnet-bearing micaschist.  相似文献   

Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic intraplate contractional deformation at the Norwegian continental shelf: timing, magnitude and regional implications     

E. V  gnes  R. H. Gabrielsen  P. Haremo 《Tectonophysics》1998,300(1-4):29-46

Contractional structures (large anticlines and synclines, reverse faults and inverted centres of deposition) of assumed Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic age are common in Cretaceous–Tertiary basins of the northwestern European margin. The similarities in style, orientation and timing of these structures are striking. The present detailed analysis of one anticline (the Ormen Lange Dome) of the mid-Norwegian continental shelf indicates that the total contraction is moderate (less than 2–3%), and that the analysed anticline has been growing almost continuously since its initiation in Eocene till Present. Inversion in the Barents Sea started already in the Late Cretaceous. This episode is suggested to be related to far-field effects of active plate-margin processes, and transfer of stresses across the plate as a consequence of the sub Hercynian and Paleocene ‘Laramide' event of the Alpine Orogeny. The development of co-axial structures was facilitated by stress focusing along pre-existing, high-relief N–S- and NE–SW-trending fault complexes. Far-field plate tectonic stresses originating mainly from the Alpine Orogeny seem to have been the most important cause of contractional deformation on the NW European shelf. In addition, ridge push from the North Atlantic spreading may have contributed significantly, particularly during the Neogene.  相似文献   

Functional and Physical Parameters of HII Galaxies     

Ángeles I. Díaz 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1998,263(1-4):143-146

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Petrology of a new basalt occurrence in Hungary     

Dr. A. Embey-Isztin  G. Dobosi  Dr. G. Noske-Fazekas  E. Árva-Sós 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1989,40(3):183-196

Summary A new occurrence of basalt (minimum K/Ar age 57.9 ± 2.2 m.y.) is reported from Budaliget, near Budapest. Major and minor element concentrations show that the basalts are alkaline and potassic in nature ranging from olivine tholeiite to moderately undersaturated basanite. High mg-values and concentrations of Ni and Cr indicate that some of the samples may represent primary compositions. High pressure accidental xenoliths, xenocrysts and cognate megacrysts are frequent and the chemical zoning patterns of olivine and pyroxene phenocrysts indicate a complex evolution and polibaric conditions for the crystallization. The discovery of the new basalt occurrence is important from a geodynamical point of view: prior to the last two major geodynamical events (Plio-Pleistocene rifting with associated alkali basaltic volcanism and collision of microplates with associated Miocene calk-alkaline volcanism) the continental lithosphere below NE Transdanubia may have experienced another rifting period in the Paleocene or Upper Cretaceous.With 7 Figures  相似文献   

FRACTURES AS CONDUCTING DYKES AND CORRESPONDING TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODELS*     

A. ÁDÁM 《Geophysical Prospecting》1984,32(4):543-553

A statistical treatment of MT data from the Pannonian Basin, Hungary, based on the distortion theory of the S-effect suggests that the local increase in crustal conductivity is connected with deep fractures. Field model measurements have recently been carried out in a shallow, quasi two-dimensional basin of well known tectonics using MT station distances of 1–3 km. The results of the investigation and numerical modelling of near surface distortions, support the idea that deep fractures (faults) contain the conducting formations. According to 2-D model computations, several conducting dykes at considerable depths can cause anomalies which are indiscernible from an anomaly due to a conducting layer. The significance of these results is discussed from the point of view of geothermal energy exploitation.  相似文献   

Remarks on the one-photon-pair annihilation in strong magnetic fields     

Jorge PÁez  L. Semionova  J. Bonatti 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1994,214(1-2):89-92

We report specifically on a quantum electrodynamic feature of the one-photon-pair annihilation. Most of the calculation related with this process (not excluding other ones) have been carried out usually utilizing the wave functions obtained from the Dirac equation in the Landau gauge A = (0,Bx, 0), where B is oriented along the z-axis (Johnson and Lippman, 1949). Although, the eigenstates of the Dirac Hamiltonian as it was introduced by Johnson and Lippman, do not consider the coupling to the radiation field and consequently they reflect only forp _z = 0 the same linear combination of the two degenerate polarization states.We report the transition rate function for the one-photon-pair annihilation in a strong magnetic field by using the Sokolov and Ternov eigenstate |± as far asp _z = 0 andN > 0 is concerned. The difference between the expression for the transition rate by using the Sokolov and Ternov eigenstates and the one calculated by (Wunneret al., 1986), is just the functionI _s,s which corresponds to the degeneracy of the orbit center of the electrons characterized by the quantum numberss ands. Presented at the 2nd UN/ESA Workshop, held in Bogotá, Colombia, 9-13 November, 1992.  相似文献