Phosphorus features in FT-IR spectra of natural organic matter     

Zhongqi HE C. Wayne Honeycutt Tsutomu Ohno James F. Hunt Barbara J. Cade-Menun 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):259-260

Fourier-Transform Infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy has been used extensively to characterize natural organic matter （NOM）. Absorption bands at 1100-1000 cm^-1 in the FT-IR spectra of NOM have been frequently assigned to alcoholic and polysaccharide C-O stretching or to vibrations of SiO2-related impurities. However, these interpretations do not consider that a strong band associated with P-O bonds of phosphate also appears in the same region. We evaluated the correlation between absorbance in this region and P content of 19 NOM samples from terrestrial, aquatic and plant shoot sources. In the spectra of 10 humic and fulvic acid samples, shoulder to minor bands appeared around 1050 cm^-1. Absorbance intensity at 1050 cm^-1 （Y） was linearly related to P content （X） by the following： Y=4.38X＋0.3 l, with R2=0.90. We did not observe such a close correlation between absorbance and P content in two aquatic NOM samples. Apparently, this is because the aquatic NOM samples were concentrated by reverse osmosis, which would have concentrated not only humic and fulvic acids but also other soluble organic solutes present in natural waters. In the FT-IR spectra of seven dissolved organic matter （DOM） samples obtained from dried plant shoots, broad and/or multiple bands around 1075 cm^-1 were observed with a shoulder at 977 cm^-1. These characteristics were more like those of organic phosphate compounds （such as inositol hexaphosphate）. However, solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis showed no significant amount of organic phosphate present in these samples.  相似文献   

双基地多普勒天气雷达天线架设高度设计及旁瓣污染分析          下载免费PDF全文

莫月琴刘黎平  徐宝祥 《应用气象学报》2007,18(1):114-118

在双基地多普勒天气雷达的试验和应用研究中发现, 天线的高度设计和旁瓣污染是双基地天气雷达研究中需要直接面对的两个问题。探测目标的最低高度取决于天线的架设高度, 它的设计具有实用价值, 同时发现旁瓣污染影响探测资料的质量。基于双基地雷达探测原理, 对其进行分析, 给出在一定基线长度和最大探测距离乘积条件下, 以目标探测高度为参数的雷达天线架设的最低高度设计方案; 并分析双基地多普勒天气雷达旁瓣污染的主要原因, 进一步探讨在一定假设条件下减小或消除旁瓣污染的影响, 以控制观测资料质量。  相似文献   

利用多普勒雷达资料识别低空风切变和辐合线方法研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王楠刘黎平  徐宝祥张建云 《应用气象学报》2007,18(3):314-320

该文研究了利用多普勒雷达径向速度资料识别低空风切变和辐合线的方法, 讨论了不同的计算“窗口”大小对资料预处理效果和梯度计算的影响, 并对几次强对流天气进行识别、分析。结果表明:预处理采取先中值滤波后滑动平均, 选择合适的“窗口”能在有效去除库间脉动的同时保持中尺度信息; 经过资料预处理后, 从径向速度计算的切变结果与径向速度中反映的中尺度结构比较一致, 能够从这些资料中自动提取辐合和切变的中尺度信息; 强降水回波与风切变高值区位置、变化趋势一致; 垂直切变能够提供径向风场的高低层配置信息; 利用径向速度资料可以实现对风切变和辐合线的自动识别, 为灾害性天气预警、预报提供重要的客观依据。  相似文献   

Recent signal and impact of wet-to-dry climatic shift in Xinjiang,China     

YAO Junqiang  MAO Weiyi  CHEN Jing  DILINUER Tuoliewubieke 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(9):1283-1298

The Xinjiang region of China is among the most sensitive regions to global warming.Based on the meteorological and hydrological observation data,the regional wet-to-dry cli-mate regime shifts in Xinjiang were analyzed and the impacts of climatic shift on the eco-hydrological environment of Xinjiang were assessed in this study.The results showed that temperature and precipitation in Xinjiang have increased since the mid-1980s,showing a warming-wetting trend.However,drought frequency and severity significantly increased after 1997.The climate of Xinjiang experienced an obvious shift from a warm-wet to a warm-dry regime in 1997.Since the beginning of the 21st century,extreme temperatures and the number of high temperature days have significantly increased,the start date of high temper-ature has advanced,and the end date of high temperature has delayed in Xinjiang.In addition,the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation have significantly increased.Conse-quently,regional ecology and water resources have been impacted by climatic shift and ex-treme climate in Xinjiang.In response,satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index showed that,since the 1980s,most regions of Xinjiang experienced a greening trend and vegetation browning after 1997.The soil moisture in Xinjiang has significantly decreased since the late 1990s,resulting in adverse ecological effects.Moreover,the response of river runoff to climatic shift is complex and controlled by the proportion of snowmelt to the runoff.Runoff originating from the Tianshan Mountains showed a positive response to the regional wet-to-dry shift,whereas that originating from the Kunlun Mountains showed no obvious re-sponse.Both climatic shift and increased climate extremes in Xinjiang have led to intensifi-cation of drought and aggravation of instability of water circulation systems and ecosystem.This study provides a scientific basis to meet the challenges of water resource utilization and ecological risk management in the Xinjiang region of China.  相似文献   

天气雷达定量测量中若干问题的讨论     

徐宝祥  李银海  蔡启铭 《高原气象》1983,(2)

本文总结了1972—1978年对3.2厘米天气雷达的标定工作,讨论了标定在雷达定量测量中的重要性。主要结论是: (1)雷达参数逐年有变化,必须经过标定后才能进行定量测量。雷达一经安装固定,几个对测量Ze有影响的因子中,变动较大的是Pr_(min)。对本雷达,在冰雹季节内用讯号发生器校准,Pr_(min)变动不超过3分贝。由此所得Ze值的最大变幅为±2分贝 (2)施放携带标准反射体的气球,可以直接标定出给定距离上气象目标物的雷达最小可测反射率因子Ze_(min)值,由此计算所得Ze值的最大变幅为±1分贝。此法简便、实用,并且排除了雷达高频系统变动的影响。  相似文献   

Isolation,Identification, and Quantitative Determination of Saponin in Apostichopus japonicus by HPLC-DAD     

LIU Guiying  WANG Xuda  GE Kun  WU Jinhao  WANG Zhaohui  DU Jing  SONG Lun  ZHOU Zunchun 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(2):473-478

Apostichopus japonicus is an important invertebrate that is widely used as a tonic food in Asian countries.The purpose of this study is to purify and identify a class of compound,the saponins,from the body wall of A.japonicus,and to establish a new me-thod to determine the quantity of saponins in the sea cucumber.In this study,the saponins of A.japonicus,cladoloside A(CA),were ob-tained from 80%ethanol extract by column chromatography for the first time and were characterized using the spectral method.The resulting purified saponins were then profiled using ¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,and ESI-MS,which revealed the CA molecular formula of C₅₃H₈₂O₂ and contained a triterpenoid backbone,a methylglucopyranosyl moiety,a quinovopyranosyl,and two xylopyranosyls.A me-thod for the quantitative determination of CA,comprising microwave-assisted extraction,high-performance liquid chromatography,and diode array detector method,was established.Extraction efficiency was optimized by changing microwave power,extraction sol-vent,volume,time,and temperature.Results showed that under the optimum conditions(extraction time of 10 min,temperature of 45℃,and solvent of 25 mL 70%ethanol under 400 W),the detection limit of CA was 0.0015 mg mL^?1,and the recoveries of CA from samples at spiking levels of 10,20,and 50μg g^?1 ranged from 90.1%-104%.The proposed method was successfully applied to ana-lyze the saponins in different tissues of A.japonicus collected in different seasons.The method developed in this study can provide quantitative technical support for the quality control of A.japonicus.  相似文献   

S波段相控阵天气雷达与新一代多普勒天气雷达定量对比方法及其初步应用     

吴翀  刘黎平  张志强 《气象学报》2014,72(2):390-401

受外场试验条件的限制,相控阵天气雷达在测试过程中难以与用于对比的多普勒天气雷达保持相同位置,造成不同雷达之间的观测资料无法直接对比。为了较全面地分析该情况下相控阵天气雷达的探测能力,提出了针对不同地理位置不同分辨率的雷达反射率因子匹配方法和观测资料的定量对比方法。初步使用该方法对2010年5月21日的S波段相控阵天气雷达（S-PAR）与相距54 km的南京新一代多普勒天气雷达（CINRAD/SA）观测资料进行了结构的对比及数值的分析。结果表明：（1）S-PAR的回波结构与位置均较为合理,与CINRAD/SA相比反射率因子测量偏差很小,未受地物影响的径向速度较为接近,同时单波束发射4波束同时接收的扫描方式大大节约了扫描时间;（2）S-PAR受宽波束的影响,100 km外的回波出现了明显的平滑现象,难以探测到细微结构;（3）S-PAR的灵敏度比CINRAD/SA差,100 km处的最小可测反射率因子偏高16 dBz,通过相同灵敏度的模拟后发现S-PAR较差的灵敏度是造成回波结构差异的主要原因;（4）提出的经纬度匹配方法较好地将不同位置下的雷达资料对应起来,经纬度匹配后在垂直方向的不同处理方式得到的结果存在细微差异,基于采样体积的平均方法取得的效果最佳。  相似文献   

An Overview of the Studies on Black Carbon and Mineral Dust Deposition in Snow and Ice Cores in East Asia          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Xin  XU Baiqing  MING Jing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(3):354-370

Black carbon （BC） is the most eff ective insoluble light-absorbing particulate （ILAP）, which can strongly absorb solar radiation at visible wavelengths. Once BC is deposited in snow via dry or wet process, even a small amount of BC could signifi cantly decrease snow albedo, enhance absorption of solar radiation, accelerate snow melting, and cause climate feedback. BC is considered the second most important component next to CO2 in terms of global warming. Similarly, mineral dust （MD） is another type of ILAP. So far, little attention has been paid to quantitative measurements of BC and MD deposition on snow surface in the midlatitudes of East Asia, especially over northern China. In this paper, we focus on reviewing several experiments performed for collecting and measuring scavenging BC and MD in the high Asian glaciers over the mountain range （such as the Himalayas） and in seasonal snow over northern China. Results from the surveyed literature indicate that the absorption of ILAP in seasonal snow is dominated by MD in the Qilian Mountains and by local soil dust in the Inner Mongolian region close to dust sources. The detection of BC in snow and ice cores using modern techniques has a large bias and uncertainty when the snow sample is mixed with MD. Evidence also indicates that the reduction of snow albedo by BC and MD perturbations can signifi cantly increase the net surface solar radiation, cause surface air temperature to rise, reduce snow accumulation, and accelerate snow melting.  相似文献   

Ground-Based Observations of Unusual Atmospheric Light Emissions          下载免费PDF全文

YANG Jing  LU Gaopeng  DU Jian  PAN Weilin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):624-633

Unusual atmospheric light emissions were observed from a station located in Shandong Province of East China. The main morphology of these events includes a bright glowing spot, which differs distinctly from any type of transient luminous events （TLEs） well recognized in literature, such as sprites, halos, elves, gigantic jets, blue jets, and blue starters. A comparison between the observations of four such light emission events and the data from lightning detection networks reveals no correlation between these events and the intense lightning activity in the adjacent area. The events reported in this paper may imply the existence of a new phenomenon with a mechanism that remains to be investigated with further observation and complementary lightning measurement.  相似文献   

基于动态模板函数的线状中尺度对流系统自动识别     

杨吉  刘黎平  夏文梅  徐芬  徐坤 《气象》2014,40(11):1389-1397

在中尺度对流系统(mesoscale convective systems,MCSs)自动识别、跟踪基础上,根据拟合椭圆长轴设计动态模板和得分函数,完成了雷达拼图资料上的线状MCSs自动识别。并利用不同类型中尺度天气过程对算法进行检验,分析结果表明:(1)算法能够实现对线状MCSs的自动识别,由于对流系统分裂与合并造成的回波形态"突变",得分值结果能得到较好的反映;(2)算法能够实现对线状MCSs天气的跟踪,一般情况下跟踪效果较好,在分裂或者合并发生的时刻跟踪效果较差。  相似文献