The changes of pigment contents and their environmental implications in the lake sediments of Ny-(A)lesund, Svalbard, the Arctic     

姜珊  刘晓东  徐利强  孙立广 《极地研究(英文版)》2010,21(1):60-70

According to palaeoclimatic and modern instrumental data, numerous studies have indicated that the Arctic climate has undergone a significant warming during the past 100 years, and this may lead to significant impact on the fragile lake ecosystem. In this study, we collected a lake sediment core from the Ny-(A)lesund of Svalbard and determined the concentrations of four pigments including chlorophyll derivatives, total carotenoids, oscillaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll in the sediments. Combined with other physical and chemical proxies such as calcium carbonate, total organic carbon, biogenic silicon etc., we have reconstructed the historical changes of lacustrine primary productivity in Ny-(A)lesund, especially for the past 100 years. The results showed that during the period of Little Ice Age (LIA), the climate was unfavorable for the growth of the lake algae, and thus the lacustrine productivity declined. This result was supported by the relatively low contents of pigment and biogenic silica in the sediments. In contrast, the contents of total organic carbon (TOC) and sediment pigments increased significantly in the upper 5 cm (~1890AD), reflecting the rapid growth of the lake algae, thus the great increase of lacustrine primary productivity, corresponding to the warming climate after LIA. However, the biogenic silica in the upper sediments still had a relatively low level, and this might be related to the growth competition with other algae species. Over the past 100 years, the ratio of Osc/Myx in the sediments decreased continuously, indicative of durative increase of myxoxanthophyll in blue-green algal pigments, and this might imply that the human activity had enhanced the nutrition level of the lake in the Arctic region.  相似文献   

北极大气中汞亏损与海冰演变   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

谢周清  孙立广  王新明  程邦波 《极地研究》2004,16(3):221-228

近年来的观测结果显示北极对流层臭氧发生亏损的同时 ,大气中的气态汞浓度也急剧下降。这种现象的发生被认为是大气中活性卤素物种的增多而引起的。活性的卤素物种例如Br/Cl与臭氧作用 ,一方面导致臭氧亏损 ,同时 ,生成BrO/ClO氧化大气中的Hg0 ,使Hg0 转化为活性汞 (RGM)而沉降。北极地区大气中活性卤素物种主要来自海洋大型藻类释放的卤代烃分解和海盐的贡献。在过去的几十年里 ,随气候变暖 ,北极海冰变薄 ,面积减少 ,海洋排放的活性卤素物种浓度增加 ,从而使北极地区大气中的汞沉降通量增加 ,加剧了北极生物圈中的汞污染。由于北极海冰减少变薄趋势还在持续 ,因此 ,北极大气中汞亏损引起的沉降通量增加对生态圈的影响应该引起广泛重视。本文在综述这方面研究的最新进展基础上 ,提出了今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

企鹅粪土层中石英砂表面的化学溶蚀形貌及实验模拟          下载免费PDF全文

罗泓灏  孙立广  尹雪斌  刘晓东  夏丽君 《极地研究》2006,18(3):185-196

利用电镜扫描的方法分析了南极阿德雷岛Y2湖企鹅粪土沉积层中石英砂微形貌的特征,发现在企鹅粪含量高的沉积层中石英砂表面具有明显的碗状溶蚀坑等化学溶蚀特征,这一溶蚀特征在Y2湖企鹅粪含量低的沉积层和研究区的其他未受企鹅粪影响的沉积环境中均未明显出现。为了揭示这一特殊化学溶蚀现象的作用机制,根据Y2湖企鹅粪土沉积层自然沉积环境,通过条件实验确定在实验室内使用酸性较高的氟溶液(1mol.L-1HF溶液)对石英砂进行溶蚀实验,通过对比分析发现,实验室模拟条件下可以得到与企鹅粪土沉积层中石英砂相近的表面微形貌特征,这表明它们是在相似的过程中形成的。企鹅粪土沉积层酸性高氟环境中可能存在的HF酸化学溶蚀作用是形成企鹅粪土层中石英砂表面特有溶蚀坑的主要原因。在南极特殊的自然条件下碗状溶蚀坑与企鹅粪之间存在一定的因果关系,从而使石英砂的表面微形貌分析成为南极企鹅生态研究的一种新的辅助手段。  相似文献   

安徽沙溪斑岩铜矿床的构造屏蔽控矿作用     

孙立广  杨晓勇  王奎仁  张兆峰  杨学明 《矿床地质》1998,17(Z1):63-66

通过对沙溪斑岩铜矿床的研究,提出四级控矿构造和构造岩石屏蔽、背斜核部控矿定位的模式及其依据,运用此模式预测了沙溪矿床邻区一个柚似的成矿远景区,初步证明了本文提出的成矿模式。  相似文献   

安徽沙溪斑岩铜矿床的构造岩石屏蔽探矿作用     

孙立广  杨晓勇 《大地构造与成矿学》1998,22(3):234-241

通过对沙溪斑岩矿床的研究,以构造－岩浆活化成矿背景和四级控矿的构造为依据,提出了构造岩石屏蔽,背形核部控矿定位的模式及其依据,并讨论构造活动对成矿元素化学行为的控制作用,着重分析了强矿化剂元素Ｆ与Ｃｕ含量的关系,提出了成矿元素垂向分带,水平分带和迁移富集的地球化学模式,运用此模式预测了沙溪矿床邻区一个相似的成矿远景区,初步证明了本文提出了的构造控矿模式。  相似文献   

Elemental and Isotopic Signatures in the Sediments Influenced by Seal Excrement on Antarctic Fildes Peninsula and Their Po- tential Paleoecological Applications     

刘晓东孙立广  尹雪斌谢周清朱仁斌  王玉宏 《极地研究(英文版)》2005,16(2):121-134

The elemental and isotopic signatures in the sediments influenced by seal excrement on Antarctic Fildes Peninsula are examined for their potential palaeoecologlcal applications. The seal hair abundance in sediments exhibits remarkable fluctuation versus depth, indicating similar changes in historical populations of the seals visiting the marine terrace. The combination of δ^13 C, total organic carbon concentration （TOC）, total nitrogen concentration （TN） and atomic C/N ratio shows that the organic matters in sediments with numerous seal hairs have a marine origin and are predominantly derived from seal excrements. The large δ15 N values in sediments are attributed to trophic enrichment and NH3 vollatilization processes. The large variations in the δ^15 N values and the negative correlation between the δ15 N values and the seal hair abundances seem to be the results of changes in the paleoclimates and the volatilization rates of the ammonia produced in the seal excrements. The 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios in the acid-soluble fraction of sediments are interpreted as a mixture of the ones from the seal excrements （30%-50%） and the chemically weathered local bedrocks （70%-50%）. The calculated proportion of seal-derived Sr based on the ^87 Sr/^86 Sr ratios has a significant correlation with seal hair abundances in sediments. These results suggest that δ15 N values and the ^87 Sr/^86 Sr ratios in the acid-soluble fraction of sediments were influenced by seal excrements, similar to seal halt numbers, and thus can potentially be used to estimate the historical seal population in the Antarctic region.  相似文献   

生物硅在东南极湖泊古初级生产力研究中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

姜珊  刘晓东  徐利强  孙立广 《极地研究》2011,23(1):26-34

本文对南极中山站区的莫愁湖和大明湖沉积物中生物硅、有机质等环境指标进行了分析,并在对比研究的基础上,探讨了生物硅在重建东南极湖泊沉积生态环境记录研究中的应用.研究结果表明,大量保存较好的硅藻出现在东南极淡水湖泊沉积物中,生物硅含量在深度剖面上表现出显著波动,与有机质等生物地球化学指标具有一致的垂向变化趋势,表明它们具有...  相似文献   

沙溪斑岩型铜(金)矿床成矿地球化学研究及靶区圈定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨晓勇  王奎仁  孙立广  杨学明  黄德志  李英贤  石昆发 《大地构造与成矿学》2002,26(3):263-270

沙溪和菖蒲山地区位于扬子金属成矿带中部,前者是一个已经探明并圈定地质储量的中型斑岩型铜(金)矿床.本文通过地质-地球化学-地球物理综合研究,在沙溪矿床的邻区———菖蒲山地区预测并应用高精度地球物理方法圈定了一个与已知矿床规模相近的斑岩铜矿成矿异常区,该异常区由硫化物矿化所引起,呈北北东展布,长1500m,宽500m,总面积接近0.8km2。本文提出了一个斑岩型铜矿的控矿模型,结合区域资料和前人关于我国铜矿成矿研究成果,综合分析得出,本区为形成大型斑岩型铜(金)矿床的有利成矿远景区。  相似文献   

From sea to land: assessment of the bio-transport of phosphorus by penguins in Antarctica     

秦先燕  孙立广  王玉宏  黄涛  黄温  谢周清 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(1):148-154

In Antarctica, the marine ecosystem is dynamically interrelated with the terrestrial ecosystem. An example of the link between these two ecosystems is the biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus. Biovectors, such as penguins, transport phosphorus from sea to land, play a key role in this cycle. In this paper, we selected three colonies of penguins, the most important seabirds in Antarctica, and computed the annual quantity of phosphorus transferred from sea to land by these birds. Our results show that adult penguins from colonies at Ardley Island, the Vestfold Hills, and Ross Island could transfer phosphorus in the form of guano at up to 12 349, 167 036, and 97 841 kg/a, respectively, over their breeding period. These quantities are equivalent to an annual input of 3.96×109–1.63×1010 kg of seawater to the land of Antarctica. Finally, we discuss the impact of phosphorus on the ice-free areas of the Antarctica.  相似文献   

东南极米洛半岛近地面大气CH_4浓度及其δ~(13)C的时空变化特征          下载免费PDF全文

刘雅淑  朱仁斌  李香兰  徐华  孙立广 《极地研究》2008,20(4):310-319

在中国第22次南极科学考察期间,采集了东南极米洛半岛不同地点近地面大气样品,在室内分析了样品中CH4浓度及其δ13C值,结果表明:该半岛近地面大气CH4平均浓度为(1.87±0.12)ppm,略高于全球大气甲烷平均浓度;白天10:00和夜间22:00大气CH4浓度的夏季变化呈现较大波动,与气温存在响应关系;其δ13C值变化范围为-39.31‰--37.56‰,平均值为(-38.26±0.52)‰。对米洛半岛及周边不同地点大气CH4浓度及其δ13C的分析结果表明:大气CH4浓度的空间变化范围为1.74-2.56ppm,δ13C值的变化范围为-39.31‰--31.25‰;CH4的δ13C值随其浓度的增加而增加。本文还讨论了影响米洛半岛大气CH4浓度及其δ13C值的因素。  相似文献