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黑河流域不同下垫面区域的气候变化特征 总被引：10，自引：9，他引：10
通过对黑河流域上中下游典型气象站长期观测记录的分析 ,建立了 196 1— 1995年气温、降水变化速率与流域垂直分带的关系 .结果显示 ,流域内不同区域存在着不同的气候变化响应过程 .2 0世纪 90年代与 6 0年代相比 ,上游中高山湿润半湿润区气温升高幅度在 0 .6℃左右 ,降水升高幅度较大 ;前山荒漠区升温幅度较大 ,在 1.3℃左右 ,而降水变化极不稳定 ;山前平原干旱区中的较大面积人工绿洲区 ,升温幅度相对较低 ,大约为 0 .5～ 0 .6℃ ,降水呈稳定的小幅度上升 ;下游尾闾段极端干旱区温度升高、降水减少的趋势极为明显 ,分别为 1.4℃和 - 0 .5mm·a-1左右 .究其原因 ,主要是由于不同区域气候类型的差异和局地环境的影响 ,如大面积人工灌溉绿洲的小气候效应等 相似文献
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流域绿水研究的关键科学问题 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
阐述了开展流域绿水研究的重要意义,分析了流域绿水研究的关键科学问题：①绿水量的测算方法与尺度转换;②流域绿水流的形成、转化及其生态水文响应机理;③流域绿水资源评价与管理。指出流域水资源评价与管理要以降水为基本水资源,综合考虑蓝水和绿水两部分,协调流域上、中、下游生态、生产和生活用水,充分开发利用非生产性绿水资源,平衡自然生态和人类用水。 相似文献
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通过对毛乌素沙地沙柳灌丛降雨截留量及树干茎流的实验观测,分析了降雨量和降雨强度对沙柳灌丛的降雨截留量、穿透雨量和树干茎流量的影响,并确定了截留量、穿透雨量和树干茎流量在降雨分配中的百分数。实验期间降雨总量为136.5 mm,沙柳灌丛的截留量、穿透雨量和树干茎流量分别为34.0、98.5和4.0 mm,占降雨量的百分比分别为24.9%、72.2%和2.9%。沙柳灌丛的降雨截留量、穿透雨量和树干茎流量与降雨量和10 min最大雨强之间均呈显著正相关,而截留量、穿透雨量占降雨量的百分比与降雨量之间呈显著的双曲线函数关系。 相似文献
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In many arid ecosystems,vegetation frequently occurs in high-cover patches interspersed in a matrix of low plant cover.However,theoretical explanations for shrub patch pattern dynamics along climate gradients remain unclear on a large scale.This context aimed to assess the variance of the Reaumuria soongorica patch structure along the precipitation gradient and the factors that affect patch structure formation in the middle and lower Heihe River Basin(HRB).Field investigations on vegetation patterns and heterogeneity in soil properties were conducted during 2014 and 2015.The results showed that patch height,size and plant-to-patch distance were smaller in high precipitation habitats than in low precipitation sites.Climate,soil and vegetation explained 82.5% of the variance in patch structure.Spatially,R.soongorica shifted from a clumped to a random pattern on the landscape towards the MAP gradient,and heterogeneity in the surface soil properties(the ratio of biological soil crust(BSC) to bare gravels(BG)) determined the R.soongorica population distribution pattern in the middle and lower HRB.A conceptual model,which integrated water availability and plant facilitation and competition effects,was revealed that R.soongorica changed from a flexible water use strategy in high precipitation regions to a consistent water use strategy in low precipitation areas.Our study provides a comprehensive quantification of the variance in shrub patch structure along a precipitation gradient and may improve our understanding of vegetation pattern dynamics in the Gobi Desert under future climate change. 相似文献
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Understanding the controls on seasonal variation of energy partitioning and separation between canopy and soil surface are important for qualifying the vegetation feedback to climate system.Using observed day-to-day variations of energy balance components including net radiation,sensible heat flux,latent heat flux ground heat flux,and meteorological variables combined with an energy-balanced two-source model,energy partitioning were investigated at six sites in Heihe River Basin from 2014 to 2016.Bowen ratio(β) among the six sites exhibited significant seasonal variations while showed smaller inter-annual fluctuations.All ecosystems exhibit a "U-shaped" pattern,characterized by smaller value of β in growing season,with a minimum value in July,and fluctuating day to day.During the growing season,average Bowen ratio was the highest for the alpine swamp meadow(0.60 ± 0.30),followed by the desert riparian forest Populus euphratica(0.47 ± 0.72),the alpine desert(0.46 ± 0.10),the Tamarix ramosissima desert riparian shrub ecosystem(0.33 ± 0.57),alpine meadow ecosystem(0.32 ± 0.17),and cropland ecosystem(0.27 ± 0.46).The agreement of Bowen ratio between simulated and observed values demonstrated that the two-source model is a promising tool for energy partitioning and separation between canopy and soil surface.The importance of biophysical control explains the convergence of seasonal and annual patterns of Bowen ratio for all ecosystems,and the changes in Bowen ratio showed divergence among varied ecosystems because of different physiological responses to energy flow pathways between canopy and soil surface. 相似文献
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青藏高原青海湖流域环境与经济协调性评价(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Qinghai Lake Watershed (QLW) is a hot place of a series of ecological restoration and environmental remediation programs nowadays.However,little information is available on change of ecosystem service and economic practice in this area.As ecosystem service and natural capital are closely related with social and economic development,an index of concordance between environment and economy (ICEE) has been proposed to compare the annual variation rate of ecosystem service value (RESV) with that of gross domestic product (RGDP).Using this Index,we have assessed concordance between environment and economy (CEE) for the QLW in the period 1977-2004.The result showed that from 1977 to 2004,the ecosystem service value in the QLW descended from 128.81×10 8 yuan to 127.32×10 8 yuan;In contrast,the GDP increased from 0.931×10 8 yuan to 8.856×10 8 yuan.The values of the I CEE were -1.14,-0.22,and -0.14 in the stages of 1977-1987,1987-2000 and 2000-2004,respectively.The result indicated that during the first stage 1977-1987,the relationship between environment and economy in the QLW was not concordant but at a high conflict;from 1987 to 2004,there was a low conflict between environment and economy,and the CEE appeared to increase slowly.Analysis of the assessment results showed that the national policies and industrial adjustment practice play an important role in the CEE changes. 相似文献
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黑河下游额济纳地区的环境演变 总被引：51，自引：2，他引：51
通过对水系变迁的分析,勾画了黑河下游额济纳地区环境变化的大体框架。黑河下游额济纳地区的环境变迁,演绎了西北干旱地区普遍存在的水系溯源退缩过程。在地质历史时期,这种溯源退缩主要原因是地质运动和气候变化,而近代、现代人类不合理的水土资源开发活动加速了河流水系的溯源退缩,并在一定程度上超过了自然因素的作用。巴丹吉林沙漠曾经是黑河下游的冲积湖积平原。那么如果绿洲消失,额济纳三角洲就有可能再现巴丹吉林沙漠的形成过程,形成新的"额济纳沙漠"。在第四纪早期,额济纳盆地存在两个水流系统,且气候环境较为温暖潮湿;随后两个水流系统逐渐合并,区域气候亦有变干变暖的趋势;至第四纪晚期,气候更加干旱,现代水文网定型。东西居延海不是黑河流域的终端湖,在地质历史上属于黑河流域下游的河道湖。随着黑河水系不断地溯源萎缩,东西居延海及居延泽也存在着一个逐步缩小的过程,并在近现代演变为尾闾湖。显然,东西居延海作为尾闾湖只是一个很短暂的时期。 相似文献
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毛乌素沙地南缘凝结水观测实验分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用称重法对2007年8月期间毛乌素沙地南缘不同地表类型（改良沙地、生物结皮、物理结皮和流沙）、沙丘不同部位的凝结水形成动态过程进行了系统观测。结果表明：改良沙地凝结水量达0．206mm／d,显著大于生物结皮、物理结皮和流沙,生物结皮凝结水量为0．100mm／d,显著高于流沙,而其他两者之间凝结水量无显著性差异;沙丘不同部位凝结水量差异显著,丘间地凝结水量最大,沙丘坡面次之,沙丘顶部最少,日凝结水量分别为0．0873mm／d、0．0768mm／d和0．0674mm／d;从凝结水形成过程看出凝结水一般在每天17：00产生,次日7：00结束,在夜晚21：00和凌晨3：00左右出现2个凝结水较大值;凝结水的形成与气象因子密切相关,凝结水量与地表温度、大气和地表温度差以及净辐射具有显著相关性。 相似文献