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The Bohai Rim region is one the most important bases for commodity grain pro-duction in China.With the rapid pace of agricultural industrialization,nitrogenous fertilizer has been used at an ever increasing rate,which resulted in the trace of accumulative nitrogen in the soil and caused serious environmental problems.In this study we made use of the farm-land nitrogen balance model to assess the spatial difference of farmland nitrogen nutrient budget in the Bohai Rim region in 2008 with the assistance of GIS.Our results indicated that:1) Farmland in this region has a nitrogen surplus totaling 5.0822 million tons,or an average of 288.54 kg/ha.2) In the Bohai Rim region,farmland nitrogen input and farmland nitrogen budget both show a spatial differentiation.Major grain-producing areas have a higher nitrogen input than that of the grazing-farming areas.The main sources of nitrogen input include chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer,deposition from atmospheric drying and wetting,and biological fixation,which account for 79.47%,9.53%,4.62%,and 3.58% of the total input,respectively.Therefore,chemical fertilizer is the predominant source of nitrogen input to farmland.3) A total of 3.3398 million tons of nitrogen were output from the farmland via har-vested crops and it accounts for 52.36% of the total nitrogen output from farmland in this region.On average,the amount of nitrogen output from unit farmland is equal to 176.65kg/ha.This study has shed light on farmland nitrogen budget and its spatial variation in the study area,may provide scientific evidences for rationalizing the use of chemical fertilizer and managing agricultural operation on the regional scale and is also valuable for improving the economic and ecological efficiency of fertilizer use at the regional scale. 相似文献
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本文通过二个不同土壤水分年型的试验,用农田水分平衡法和彭门公式分别计算了黑龙港地区作物的蒸散量和需水系数,由此计算了旱地作物的水分亏缺率;运用生长分析进行平行分析,应用多年气候资料计算年型频率,对不同类型农作物一秋粮,夏粮和棉花的水分生态适应性进行了研究。秋粮中玉米和高粱的气候生态适应性较好。干旱年份虽在干旱时期水分亏缺比谷子严重,生育状况不如谷子,但由于玉米和高粱在雨后比谷子和大豆有较高的干物质累积速度,最终也能获得与谷子相同的产量、水分利用效率和光能利用率。正常年和夏涝年份,水份亏缺率各作物差异不大,但生育状况玉米和高粱则明显地优于谷子和大豆,具有较高生产力、水分利用率和相对较强的抗涝能力,经济效益也高于谷子和大豆。春播作物生育期间旱年占37%,初夏降水正常,湿润和夏涝的年份占63%;夏播作物旱年占21%,夏常和夏涝的年份占79%。底墒足和春多雨的年份冬小麦可获得一定产量(亩产可达500-600斤)。底墒的作用可以维持到4月下旬前后。在冬小麦获得一定产量的基础上,加上夏播构成二熟,可比一熟获得较高的年产量、光能利用率和经济效益。若7月下旬(雨期)土壤水分达到田间持水量,计算得出达到底墒足指标所需的8～9月降水量为167.4毫米。 相似文献
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