Effects of alumina refinery wastewater and signature metal constituents at the upper thermal tolerance of: 2. The early life stages of the coral Acropora tenuis     

Negri AP  Harford AJ  Parry DL  van Dam RA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(3):474-482

The success of early life history transitions of the coral Acropora tenuis were used as endpoints to evaluate thermal stress and the effects of wastewater discharged to a tropical marine environment. The studies assessed the effects of: (i) temperature; (ii) three signature metals of the wastewater, aluminium (Al), vanadium (V) and gallium (Ga); and (iii) the wastewater (at 27 °C and 32 °C) on fertilisation and larval metamorphosis. The median inhibition temperatures for fertilisation and metamorphosis were 32.8 °C and 33.0 °C, respectively. Fertilisation IC₅₀s for Al, V and Ga were 2997, 2884 and 3430 μg L⁻¹, respectively. Metamorphosis IC₅₀s for Al, V and Ga were 1945, 675 and 3566 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The wastewater only affected fertilisation and metamorphosis at moderate concentrations (IC₅₀s = 63% and 67%, v/v, respectively, at 27 °C), posing a low risk to this species in the field. The effects of wastewater and temperature on fertilisation and metamorphosis were additive.  相似文献   

Pore water transport of enterococci out of beach sediments     

Phillips MC  Solo-Gabriele HM  Reniers AJ  Wang JD  Kiger RT  Abdel-Mottaleb N 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(11):2293-2298

Enterococci are used to evaluate the safety of beach waters and studies have identified beach sands as a source of these bacteria. In order to study and quantify the release of microbes from beach sediments, flow column systems were built to evaluate flow of pore water out of beach sediments. Results show a peak in enterococci (average of 10% of the total microbes in core) released from the sand core within one pore water volume followed by a marked decline to below detection. These results indicate that few enterococci are easily removed and that factors other than simple pore water flow control the release of the majority of enterococci within beach sediments. A significantly larger quantity and release of enterococci were observed in cores collected after a significant rain event suggesting the influx of fresh water can alter the release pattern as compared to cores with no antecedent rainfall.  相似文献   

华北克拉通晚三叠世沉积盆地原型与破坏早期构造变形格局   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨明慧  刘池洋  曾鹏  白桦  周进 《地质论评》2012,58(1):1-18

华北克拉通破坏的过程在地壳浅层沉积和构造变形中留有相应的建造和改造形迹。本文在前人研究基础上,据钻井、地震剖面和露头资料揭示的地层分布、沉积面貌以及构造变形特征,综合论述了印支期华北克拉通的沉积盆地原型及与克拉通破坏早期构造变形之间的响应关系。晚三叠世,华北克拉通残留地层具有分区分布特点： 克拉通腹地的鄂尔多斯地区上三叠统延长组发育较全,向东延展至晋中、豫西一带; 克拉通北缘的上三叠统杏石口组（及同期老虎沟组、黑山窑组等）沿辽西—京西—冀北一线零星分布; 克拉通南缘上三叠统沿豫南—陕南一线发育在北秦岭一带。南、北两缘晚三叠世地层均已卷入同期和后期构造变形,多被逆冲断层夹持并呈断片状产出。从构造变形角度,晚三叠世华北克拉通两侧均已发现大规模的南北向挤压构造,大致形成“对冲”格局,与内克拉通先存的东西向构造线一致。同生沉积记录了区域构造变形过程和/或由变形等因素控制的抬升剥蚀信息。在内克拉通,西部鄂尔多斯地区构造稳定,变形轻微,残留地层较全;东部地区抬升强烈,上三叠统大多数缺失;在东、西部之间存在一个沉积—构造的“缓冲”过渡区。从盆地原型恢复角度,晚三叠世华北克拉通表现为南北两缘陆内前陆盆地镶边的内克拉通盆地格局。华北克拉通腹地的盆地原型是叠覆在早—中三叠世盆地之上的继承性内克拉通盆地。华北克拉通北缘的陆内前陆盆地系统由阴山—燕山楔顶带、张家口—承德前渊带、清水河—山海关前隆带和京西—柳江隆后坳陷带构成;南缘的陆内前陆盆地系统则为北秦岭楔顶带、平凉—南召前渊带、环县—霍邱前隆带和铜川—济源隆后坳陷带。其中的铜川—济源和京西—柳江两个隆后坳陷带则可归属于华北内克拉通盆地。  相似文献   

断层性能,地面地质和三维速度模式之间的关系     

Mich.  AJ 张嘉延 《地震地质译丛》1993,15(6):42-46

  相似文献   

The development of a rapid screening technique to measure antibiotic activity in effluents and surface water samples     

Smith AJ  Balaam JL  Ward A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(12):1940-1946

Use of antibiotics in medicine, farming and aquaculture results in a continual supply of these pharmaceuticals and their breakdown products reaching the environment. A method has been developed to use for screening environmental samples to establish whether they contain antibiotics. The assay is based on a commercially available test kit and uses some modifications of the test procedure and SPE techniques to deliver a fast, semi-quantifiable result. Development of the assay and results from spiked and environmental samples are discussed.  相似文献   

The effect of Prestige oil ingestion on the growth and chemical composition of turbot otoliths     

Morales-Nin B  Geffen AJ  Cardona F  Kruber C  Saborido-Rey F 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(11):1732-1741

Juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were kept in captivity and were fed a prepared food contaminated with five different concentrations of seawater-accommodated fuel oil from 2.4+/-0.35 to 48.2+/-2.2 mg g(-1) food, with a control group receiving uncontaminated food. The growth and survival of individually tagged fish (N=202) were measured after a six-week treatment period. The otolith growth rate was measured and otolith composition was determined before and after the treatments using LA-ICPMS. Fish and otolith growth were negatively affected by the fuel oil treatment, and the response decreased with the level of contamination. Otolith growth and element incorporation peaked at mid level exposures and decreased at the highest level. The otolith elemental composition reflected the presence of some elements in the Prestige fuel that may have been incorporated through the diet into the otolith.  相似文献   

A comparison of acute and chronic toxicity tests used to examine the temporal stability of a gradient in copper tolerance of Hediste diversicolor from the Fal estuary, Cornwall, UK     

Burlinson FC  Lawrence AJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(1):66-71

The aim of this study was to use two different toxicity tests to verify the existence of a gradient in tolerance along Rostronguet Creek. Hediste diversicolor was collected from five populations in the Fal estuary previously shown to vary in copper tolerance. Exposure to 4 mgL(-1) of copper in an acute assay demonstrated that Mylor Creek worms were sensitive (LT(50) 86 h) and the tolerance of Rostronguet Creek worms increased moving upstream from the mouth of the creek (LT(50)s 100-258 h). There was no significant difference in tolerance between Mylor worms and worms from the mouth of Rostronguet Creek. This is in agreement with a previous study [Grant, A., Hateley, J.G., Jones, N.V., 1989. Mapping the ecological impact of heavy metals on the estuarine polychaete Nereis diversicolor using inherited metal tolerance. Marine Pollution Bulletin 20, 235-238] and demonstrates temporal stability of the gradient. Copper tolerance was also measured using a chronic toxicity test run for 90 d using step-wise increases in challenge concentration. A significant difference in tolerance was shown between populations from Mylor Creek and those at the mouth of Rostronguet Creek, which has not been reported previously. Experimental protocol was therefore an important factor in detecting population variation in tolerance.  相似文献   

Exploring suitability for tropical crop cultivation in Hainan Island by SOTAL methodology   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

ZHANG Xue-lei  S. Mantel  ZHANG Gan-lin  VWP. van Engelen 《地理学报(英文版)》2001,11(4):420-426

1 Introduction Land degradation is a major threat to environmental and agricultural quality of land[1] and is directly related to food security issues. An instrument for decision-makers to plan or stimulate allocation of land to users that can be sustained and are economically viable and socially acceptable. Different kinds of land are unequally suited to various uses. Land evaluation is the assessment of the suitability of a tract of land for a specified kind of use and it provides objective…  相似文献   

The emergence of life from iron monosulphide bubbles at a submarine hydrothermal redox and pH front   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Russell MJ  Hall AJ 《Journal of the Geological Society》1997,154(3):377-402

Here we argue that life emerged on Earth from a redox and pH front at c. 4.2 Ga. This front occurred where hot (c. 150 degrees C), extremely reduced, alkaline, bisulphide-bearing, submarine seepage waters interfaced with the acid, warm (c. 90 degrees C), iron-hearing Hadean ocean. The low pH of the ocean was imparted by the ten bars of CO2 considered to dominate the Hadean atmosphere/hydrosphere. Disequilibrium between the two solutions was maintained by the spontaneous precipitation of a colloidal FeS membrane. Iron monosulphide bubbles comprising this membrane were inflated by the hydrothermal solution upon sulphide mounds at the seepage sites. Our hypothesis is that the FeS membrane, laced with nickel, acted as a semipermeable catalytic boundary between the two fluids, encouraging synthesis of organic anions by hydrogenation and carboxylation of hydrothermal organic primers. The ocean provided carbonate, phosphate, iron, nickel and protons; the hydrothermal solution was the source of ammonia, acetate, HS-, H2 and tungsten, as well as minor concentrations of organic sulphides and perhaps cyanide and acetaldehyde. The mean redox potential (delta Eh) across the membrane, with the energy to drive synthesis, would have approximated to 300 millivolts. The generation of organic anions would have led to an increase in osmotic pressure within the FeS bubbles. Thus osmotic pressure could take over from hydraulic pressure as the driving force for distension, budding and reproduction of the bubbles. Condensation of the organic molecules to polymers, particularly organic sulphides, was driven by pyrophosphate hydrolysis. Regeneration of pyrophosphate from the monophosphate in the membrane was facilitated by protons contributed from the Hadean ocean. This was the first use by a metabolizing system of protonmotive force (driven by natural delta pH) which also would have amounted to c. 300 millivolts. Protonmotive force is the universal energy transduction mechanism of life. Taken together with the redox potential across the membrane, the total electrochemical and chemical energy available for protometabolism amounted to a continuous supply at more than half a volt. The role of the iron sulphide membrane in keeping the two solutions separated was appropriated by the newly synthesized organic sulphide polymers. This organic take-over of the membrane material led to the miniaturization of the metabolizing system. Information systems to govern replication could have developed penecontemporaneously in this same milieu. But iron, sulphur and phosphate, inorganic components of earliest life, continued to be involved in metabolism.  相似文献   

电子束CT三维重建方法   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

何沙  白桦 《CT理论与应用研究》1998,7(4):5-12

医学断层图像的三维重建技术提供了一种无创方法直观考察人体内的立体结构２,当用于电子束ＣＴ,更能充分显示它的价值。本文阐述了用电子束ＣＴ采集体层数据（包括步进容积扫描,连续容积扫描,电影扫描）后,用多层面重组,最大密度投影,表面阴影显示等方法进行三维重建的处理过程。  相似文献