Book reviews     

Anne-Marie de Grosbois 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(7):1079-1080

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Speciation and role of iron in cloud droplets at the puy de Dôme station     

Marius Parazols  Angela Marinoni  Pierre Amato  Otman Abida  Paolo Laj  Gilles Mailhot  Anne-Marie Delort  Zappoli Sergio 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2007,57(3):299-300

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Active oceanic spreading in the northern North Fiji Basin: Results of the NOFI cruise of R/V L'Atalante (newstarmer project)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yves Lagabrielle  Etienne Ruellan  Manabu Tanahashi  Jacques Bourgois  Georges Buffet  Giovanni de Alteriis  Jérôme Dyment  Jean Goslin  Eulàlia Gràcia-Mont  Yo Iwabushi  Philip Jarvis  Masato Joshima  Anne-Marie Karpoff  Takeshi Matsumoto  Hélène Ondréas  Bernard Pelletier  Olivier Sardou 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1996,18(2-4):225-247

The South Pandora and the Tripartite Ridges are active spreading centers located in the northern part of the North Fiji Basin. These spreading centers were surveyed over a distance of 750 km during the NOFI cruise of R/V L'Atalante (August–September 1994) which was conducted in the frame of the french-japanese Newstarmer cooperation project. SIMRAD EM12-dual full coverage swath bathymetric and imagery data as well as airgun 6-channel seismic, magnetics and gravity profiles were recorded along and offaxis from 170°40 E to 178° E. Dredging and piston coring were also performed along and off-axis. The axial domain of the South Pandora Ridge is divided into 5 first-order segments characterized by contrasted morphologies. The average width of the active domain is 20 km and corresponds either to bathymetric highs or to deep elongated grabens. The bathymetric highs are volcanic constructions, locally faulted and rifted, which can obstruct totally the axial valley. The grabens show the typical morphology of slow spreading axes, with two steep walls flanking a deep axial valley. Elongated lateral ridges may be present on both sides of the grabens. Numerous volcanoes, up to several kilometers in diameter, occur on both flanks of the South Pandora Ridge. The Tripartite Ridge consists of three main segments showing a sigmoid shape. Major changes in the direction of the active zones are observed at the segment discontinuities. These discontinuities show various geometrical patterns which suggest complex transform relay zones. Preliminary analysis of seismic reflection profiles suggest that the Tripartite Ridge is a very young feature which propagates into an older oceanic domain characterized by a significant sedimentary cover. By contrast, a very thin to absent sedimentary cover is observed about 100 km on both flanks of the South Pandora Ridge active axis. The magnetic anomaly profiles give evidence of long and continuous lineations, parallel to the South Pandora Ridge spreading axis. According to our preliminary interpretation, the spreading rate would have been very low (8 km/m.y. half rate) during the last 7 Ma. The South Pandora and Tripartite Ridges exhibit characteristics typical of active oceanic ridges: (1) a segmented pattern, with segments ranging from 80 to 100 km in length; (2) an axial tectonic and volcanic zone, 10 to 20 km wide; (3) well-organized magnetic lineations, parallel to the active axis; (4) clear signature on the free-air gravity anomaly map. However, no typical transform fault is observed; instead, complex relay zones are separating first-order segments.  相似文献   

Implications of biological and physical diversity for resilience and resistance patterns within Highly Dynamic River Systems     

Eric Tabacchi  Johannes Steiger  Dov Corenblit  Michael T. Monaghan  Anne-Marie Planty-Tabacchi 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2009,71(3):279-289

The structure and function of alluvial Highly Dynamic River Systems (HDRS) are driven by highly variable hydrological disturbance regimes, and alternate between resistant, metastable states and resilient, transitional states. These are in turn subject to influences of feedback loops within hydrogeomorphic and biological processes. Here we consider how resistance and resilience largely determine HDRS ecosystem trajectories and how these characteristics can be modified by natural and anthropogenic processes. We review the mechanisms by which biodiversity can affect both resistance and resilience and introduce a conceptual framework that incorporates some unique HDRS characteristics. We suggest that resilient and resistant patterns frequently coexist in the active tract of these river systems, and that this coexistance promotes the return of metastable states after major disturbances. In contrast, highly resistant and poorly resilient patterns dominate at their external boundaries. The loss of these natural dynamics resulting from direct and indirect human impacts causes deviations to resistance and resilience patterns and therefore to HDRS trajectory. We propose that understanding the role of interactions between biological and physical processes that control resistance and resilience is crucial for system restoration and management.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the influence of experimental conditions on H/V results from ambient noise recordings   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

Jean-Luc Chatelain  Bertrand Guillier  Fabrizio Cara  Anne-Marie Duval  Kuvvet Atakan  Pierre-Yves Bard 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(1):33-74

The H/V-noise technique is now widely used to estimate site effect parameters (fundamental frequency and sometimes the associated soil amplification), and many surveys using this technique have provided convincing results. However, a general agreement on a methodology for data acquisition, data processing and result interpretation has yet to be found. H/V measurements from ambient noise recordings imply both reliability of the results and rapidity of data collection. It is therefore important to understand which experimental conditions (1) influence data quality and reliability, and (2) can help speeding up the recording process. Within the framework of the SESAME European project, a specific task was defined to investigate the reliability of the H/V spectral ratio technique in assessing the site effects. The aim of WP02, one specific Work Package of the SESAME project, is to study the effects of experimental conditions on both stability and reproducibility of H/V results. This study has been conducted in a purely experimental way, by testing the possible influence of various experimental conditions on H/V results both on the frequency peak value and on its amplitude. WP02 results help setting up the experimental conditions under which ambient noise recordings have to be performed in order to provide reproducible, reliable and meaningful H/V results. In this paper we present the results of the WP02 SESAME project concerning the evaluation of the influence of experimental conditions of ambient noise recording on H/V results.  相似文献   

Climate and environmental change at the end of the Holocene Humid Period: A pollen record off Pakistan     

Sarah J. Ivory  Anne-Marie Lézine 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2009,341(8-9):760-769

Pollen studies from core SO90-56KA recovered from the Arabian Sea off the Makran Coast (24° 509N, 65° 559E; 695 m depth) show that the end of the Holocene Humid Period, linked to the weakening of Indian monsoon fluxes, took place between 4700 and 4200 BP. Two periods of strong summer monsoon activity are identified between 5400–4200 BP and 2000–1000 BP during which the montane pollen taxa coming from the Himalayas reached the Makran coast due to increased fluvial activity of the Indus River. A contrasting period, dominated by the winter monsoon between 4200 and 2000 BP, is identified based on the presence of pollen taxa from the Baluchistan plateaus. The regional vegetation of the low- and midaltitudes, arid and semiarid, are remarkably stable from 4500 BP to the present.  相似文献   

The crystal and melt structure of spinel and alumina at high temperature: An in-situ XANES study at the Al and Mg K-edge     

Daniel R. Neuville  Dominique de Ligny  Grant S. Henderson  Anne-Marie Flank 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(11):3410-2801

We present structural information obtained on spinel and alumina at high temperature (298-2400 K) using in-situ XANES at the Mg and Al K-edges. For spinel, ^[4](Al_x,Mg_1−x)^[6](Al_2−x,Mg_x)O_4, with increasing temperature, a substitution of Mg by Al and Al by Mg in their respective sites is observed. This substitution corresponds to an inversion of the Mg and Al sites. There is a significant change in the Al K-edge spectra between crystal and liquid, which can be attributed to a change of the ^[6]Al normally observed in corundum at room temperature, to a mixture of ^[6]Al-^[4]Al in the liquid state. This conclusion is in good agreement with previous ²⁷Al NMR experiments. Furthermore, both experiments at the Al and Mg K-edges are in good agreement with XANES calculation made using FDMNES code.  相似文献   

Mid- to late Holocene environmental and climatic changes in New Caledonia, southwest tropical Pacific, inferred from the littoral plain Gouaro-Déva     

Denis Wirrmann  Anne-Marie Sémah  Jean-Pierre Debenay  Magali Chacornac-Rault 《Quaternary Research》2011,76(2):229-242

Multiproxy analysis of three littoral cores from western New Caledonia supports the hypothesis that the main controlling factors of environmental changes are sea-level change, ENSO variability and extra-tropical phenomena, such as the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) marked by a tendency for La Niña-like conditions in the tropical Pacific. The record starts during the late Holocene sea-level rise when the terrestrial vegetation indicated wet and cool conditions. The site was a coastal bay definitely transformed into a freshwater swamp at around 3400 cal yr BP, after the rapid drawdown of sea level to its current level. Sediments and foraminiferal assemblages indicated subsequent episodes of freshwater infillings, emersion or very high-energy conditions, likely related to climatic changes and mostly controlled by ENSO variability. Between 2750 and 2000 cal yr BP, relatively dry and cool climate prevailed, while wetter conditions predominated between ca. 1800 and 900 cal yr BP. The Rhizophoraceae peak between ca. 1080 and 750 cal yr BP, coeval with the MWP, may indicate a global phenomenon. Microcharcoal particles present throughout the record increased after 1500 cal yr BP, suggesting an anthropogenic source. From ca. 750 cal yr BP the appearance of current type of vegetation marks the human impact.  相似文献   

Modeling propensity to move after job change using event history analysis and temporal GIS     

Marie-Hélène Vandersmissen  Anne-Marie Séguin  Marius Thériault  Christophe Claramunt 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2009,11(1):37-65

The research presented in this paper analyzes the emergent residential behaviors of individual actors in a context of profound social changes in the work sphere. It incorporates a long-term view in the analysis of the relationships between social changes in the work sphere and these behaviors. The general hypothesis is that social changes produce complex changes in the long-term dynamics of residential location behavior. More precisely, the objective of this paper is to estimate the propensity for professional workers to move house after a change of workplace. Our analysis draws on data from a biographical survey using a retrospective questionnaire that enables a posteriori reconstitution of the familial, professional and residential lifelines of professional workers since their departure from their parents’ home. The survey was conducted in 1996 in the Quebec City Metropolitan Area, which, much like other Canadian cities, has experienced a substantial increase in “unstable” work, even for professionals. The approach is based on event history analysis, a Temporal Geographic Information System and exploratory spatial analysis of model’s residuals. Results indicate that 48.9% of respondents moved after a job change and that the most important factors influencing the propensity to move house after a job change are home tenure (for lone adults as for couple) and number of children (for couples only). We also found that moving is associated with changing neighborhood for owners while tenants or co-tenants tend to stay in the same neighborhood. The probability of moving 1 year after a job change is 0.10 for lone adults and couples while after 2 years, the household structure seems to have an impact: the probability increased to 0.23 for lone adults and to 0.21 for couples. The outcome of this research contributes to furthering our understanding of a familial decision (to move) following a professional event (change of job), controlling for household structure, familial, professional and spatial contexts.

Marius ThériaultEmail:

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Book Reviews     

Anne-Marie de Grosbois  Dale Easley  Fakhry A Assaad 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(3):494-496

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