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In extending the analysis of the four secular resonances between close orbits in Li and Christou (Celest Mech Dyn Astron 125:133–160, 2016) (Paper I), we generalise the semianalytical model so that it applies to both prograde and retrograde orbits with a one-to-one map between the resonances in the two regimes. We propose the general form of the critical angle to be a linear combination of apsidal and nodal differences between the two orbits \( b_1 \Delta \varpi + b_2 \Delta \varOmega \), forming a collection of secular resonances in which the ones studied in Paper I are among the strongest. Test of the model in the orbital vicinity of massive satellites with physical and orbital parameters similar to those of the irregular satellites Himalia at Jupiter and Phoebe at Saturn shows that \({>}20\) and \({>}40\%\) of phase space is affected by these resonances, respectively. The survivability of the resonances is confirmed using numerical integration of the full Newtonian equations of motion. We observe that the lowest order resonances with \(b_1+|b_2|\le 3\) persist, while even higher-order resonances, up to \(b_1+|b_2|\ge 7\), survive. Depending on the mass, between 10 and 60% of the integrated test particles are captured in these secular resonances, in agreement with the phase space analysis in the semianalytical model. 相似文献
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The paper presents a comprehensive multi-objective hydrodynamic optimisation procedure and its application to the early design of a floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal for improved seakeeping and wave attenuation characteristics on its lee side. Genetic algorithms are used to find the Pareto optima designs followed by multi-objective decision making procedures to select the optimum design among them. The paper addresses the definition of the relevant optimisation problem and the set-up and interface of relevant software tools, presents results of systematic studies with respect to the minimisation of the motion responses and wave elevation on the leeward side of free-floating terminals and concludes with analysis and critical review of the obtained results and their impact on terminal design. 相似文献
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Apostolos A. Christou 《Icarus》2005,174(1):215-229
We test the hypothesis that gravitational scattering within the Himalia prograde irregular satellite group is responsible for the large velocity dispersion identified by Nesvorný et al. (2003, Astron. J. 126, 398-429). We carry out numerical simulations of the dynamical evolution of this group under several scenarios for Himalia's mass for 108 yr. We find that modification of the satellite orbits is significant, 10-15% of their semimajor axes differences but <5% of the eccentricities. Additionally, the inclination of the satellite Lysithea may have been modified by a secular resonance with Himalia. We scale the observed orbital element diffusion to the age of the Solar System using a power law approximation. The projected changes in a and e can reduce the observable ejection speeds of Elara and Lysithea with respect to Himalia under the 100 m s−1 mark, rendering them consistent with hydrocode simulation results (Michel et al., 2002, Icarus 160, 10-23). The dispersion magnitude required to migrate Elara to its present orbit implies that Himalia's size has been underestimated by Cassini (Porco et al., 2003, Science 299, 1541-1547) and/or that its density is significantly higher than that of extensively fractured or “rubble-pile” bodies. In addition, Lysithea could have been created as recently as the last 500 Myr of the Solar System's history. Simple calculations indicate that such diffusion would also be evident in groups of satellites genetically related to Phoebe at Saturn, Caliban and Sycorax at Uranus and Nereid at Neptune. 相似文献
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We have carried out a search for Main Belt Asteroids (MBAs) co-orbiting with the large MBA Vesta and the dwarf planet Ceres. Through improving the search criteria used in Christou (Christou, A.A. [2000b]. Astron. Astrophys. 356, L71–L74) and numerical integrations of candidate coorbitals, we have identified approximately 51 (44) objects currently in co-orbital libration with Ceres (Vesta). We show that these form part of a larger population of transient coorbitals; 129 (94) MBAs undergo episodes of co-orbital libration with Ceres (Vesta) within a 2 Myr interval centred on the present. The lifetime in the resonance is typically a few times ～105 yr but can exceed 2 × 106 yr. The variational properties of the orbits of several co-orbitals were examined. It was found that their present states with respect to the secondary are well determined but knowledge of it is lost typically after ～2 × 105 yr. Objects initially deeper into the coorbital region maintain their coorbital state for longer. Using the model of Namouni et al. (Namouni, F., Christou, A.A., Murray, C.D. [1999]. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2506–2509) we show that their dynamics are similar to those of temporary coorbital NEAs of the Earth and Venus. As in that case, the lifetime of resonant libration is dictated by planetary secular perturbations, the inherent chaoticity of the orbits and close encounters with massive objects other than the secondary. In particular we present evidence that, while in the coorbital state, close encounters with the secondary are generally avoided and that Ceres affects the stability of tadpole librators of Vesta. Finally we demonstrate the existence of Quasi-Satellite orbiters of both Ceres and Vesta and conclude that decametre-sized objects detected in the vicinity of Vesta by the DAWN mission may, in fact, belong to this dynamical class rather than be bona-fide (i.e. Keplerian) satellites of Vesta. 相似文献
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By now, it is well known that long‐period surface waves can induce resonant response in high‐rise buildings, in particular those located in sedimentary basins. Rayleigh wave passage has been reported to induce rocking motion at the base of the buildings which can increase displacement demands significantly. However, the building behavior to base rocking has not been extensively studied because commercially available instruments do not record rotational components of ground motion, and thus, rocking time histories have not been available to the analysts. In a recent study, we proposed an effective method for estimating the rocking associated with Rayleigh waves, which takes into account their frequency‐dependent phase velocities. In the present work, we select a number of recorded seismic motions which include surface waves on sedimentary basins from recent well‐recorded earthquake events. Then, we proceed to identify and extract the recorded surface waves by using the technique mentioned above. Using realistic soil‐structure analytical models that have been proposed in the published literature for high‐rise buildings, we study their response to Rayleigh waves as they respond to both translational and rocking motions. Of particular interest is to compare the response of such structures with and without the presence of rotational motions due to surface waves. Using the roof displacement and the building interstory drift as response quantities, our results indicate that demands are controlled by rotational (rocking) motions associated with Rayleigh waves. 相似文献
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Athanassios Ganas Kostas Chousianitis Evaggelia Batsi Maria Kolligri Apostolos Agalos Gerassimos Chouliaras Kostas Makropoulos 《Journal of Seismology》2013,17(2):465-484
On 18 January 2010, 15:56 UTC, a M w ?=?5.1 (National Observatory of Athens; NOA) earthquake occurred near the town of Efpalion (western Gulf of Corinth, Greece), about 10 km to the east of Nafpaktos, along the north coast of the Gulf. Another strong event occurred on 22 January 2010, 00:46 UTC with M w ?=?5.1 (NOA) approximately 3 km to the NE of the first event. We processed the seismological and geodetic data to examine fault plane geometry, dip direction, and earthquake interactions at the western tip of the Corinth rift. Our data include relocated epicenters of 1,760 events for the period January–June 2010 and daily global positioning system observations from the Efpalio station for the period 1 December 2009–1 March 2010. We suggest that the first event ruptured a blind, north-dipping fault, accommodating north–south extension of the Western Gulf of Corinth. The dip direction of the second event is rather unclear, although a south dip plane is weakly imaged in the post-22 January 2010 aftershock distribution. A Coulomb stress model based on homogeneous slip distribution of the first event showed static stress triggering of the second event of the order of 22–34 KPa that was transferred along the plane of failure. We also point out the existence of north dipping, high-angle faults at 10–15 km depths, which were reactivated because of Coulomb stress transfer, to the west and south of Efpalion. The January 2010 earthquakes ended a 15-year-old quiescence in that area of the Gulf. The crustal volume near Efpalion was also characterized by b values in the range 0.6–0.8 (1970–2010 period). 相似文献
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Finite strain elastoplastic solutions for the undrained ground response curve in tunnelling 
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下载免费PDF全文 The instantaneous response of saturated low permeability grounds to tunnel excavation is important for deformations and stability close to the tunnel face. It is characterized by zero volume change in combination with the development of excess pore pressures. In tunnelling through poor quality ground under great depth of cover and high in situ pore pressure, heavily squeezing conditions (characterized by very large convergences) may occur soon after excavation. This paper presents exact finite strain analytical solutions for the undrained ground response around cylindrical and spherical openings that are unloaded from uniform and isotropic initial stress states, on the basis of the Modified Cam Clay (MCC) model and the Mohr–Coulomb (MC) model. The solution for a Drucker–Prager material is also given as it requires only a very small modification to the MC solution. The so‐called ground response curve, that is, the relationship between the support pressure and the cavity wall displacement, is derived in closed form for the MC model. The solution for the MCC problem is semi‐analytical in that it uses the trapezium rule for the computation of a definite integral. The influence of the significant parameters of the problem on the predicted deformation behaviour is shown by means of dimensionless charts. Finally, the practical usefulness of the solutions presented is illustrated by applying them to the breccia zones of the planned Gibraltar Strait tunnel – an extreme case of weak, low permeability ground under high pore pressure. The solutions can serve as a trustworthy benchmark for numerical procedures that incorporate material and geometric nonlinearities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献