Competitive firms in thin regions in Norway: The importance of workplace learning     

Bjørn-Tore Flåten  Arne Isaksen  James Karlsen 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2015,69(2):102-111

The article departs from empirical studies of two competitive firms in an organisationally thin region in Norway. The main question in the article is how these firms have achieved global competitiveness. The article focuses its inquiry on how the firms organise their innovation activity, giving special attention to the firms' organisational learning and absorptive capacity. It is found that find that workplace learning enables the firms to utilise knowledge in uncommon ways. The learning rests on specific organisational traits in the firms, such as broad participation, long-term on-the-job training, the use of practice-based knowledge in innovation projects, and links to national and global knowledge sources. The characteristics of thin regions indicate that these traits make up a generally applicable strategy in such regions.  相似文献   

The solar observatory at Uecht (Berne)     

K. Flückiger  A. Magun  E. Schanda 《Solar physics》1970,15(1):253-255

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Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Phytoplanktons des Brienzersees     

Hans Flück 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1928,4(1-2):1-70

Ohne Zusammenfassung Interlaken.  相似文献   

A review of ENSO prediction studies   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

M. Latif  T. P. Barnett  M. A. Cane  M. Flügel  N. E. Graham  H. von Storch  J. -S. Xu  S. E. Zebiak 《Climate Dynamics》1994,9(4-5):167-179

A hierarchy of ENSO (El Niño/Southern Oscillation) prediction schemes has been developed which includes statistical schemes and physical models. The statistical models are, in general, based on advanced statistical techniques and can be classified into models which use either low-frequency variations in the atmosphere (sea level pressure or surface wind) or upper ocean heat content as predictors. The physical models consist of coupled ocean-atmosphere models of varying degrees of complexity, ranging from simplified coupled models of the shallow water-type to coupled general circulation models. All models, statistical and physical, perform considerably better than the persistence forecast on predicting typical indices of ENSO on lead times of 6 to 12 months. The most successful prediction schemes, the fully physical coupled ocean-atmosphere models, show significant prediction abilities at lead times exceeding one year period. We therefore conclude that ENSO is predictable at least one year in advance. However, all of this applies to gross indices of ENSO such as the Southern Oscillation Index. Despite the demonstrated predictability, little is known about the predictability of specific features known to be associated with ENSO (e.g. Indian Monsoon rainfall, Southern African drought, or even off-equatorial sea surface temperature). Nor has the relative importance for prediction of different regional anomalies or different physical processes yet been established. A seasonal dependence in predictability is well established, but the processes responsible for it are not fully understood.  相似文献   

Die Verteilung des Strontiums in oberjurassischen Karbonatgesteinen der Nördlichen Kalkalpen     

H. W. Flügel  K. H. Wedepohl 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1967,14(3):229-249

Several publications on the environmental control of strontium in carbonate rocks have stimulated this investigation. Samples from three lithologically different units of the marine Upper Jurassic in the Northeastern Alps are analysed for strontium (x-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption, microprobe). Reported data on Sr in Recent carbonate secreting organisms, Recent and fossil carbonate sediments, on partition between calcite, aragonite and seawater have been used for comparison with those of the Upper Jurassic carbonate rocks. Reef sediments predominantly consisting of aragonite and high magnesium calcite lost extreme portions of their original Sr during diagenesis. Some layers (Oberalmer Schichten, St. Koloman) of probable bathypelagic origin are still comparable in strontium with primary marine calcite (about 0,1 % Sr).The pattern of the Sr distribution in the investigated Upper Jurassic limestones is mainly due to different courses of diagenetic change from different primary carbonates into low magnesium calcite. The change in Sr concentrations of diagenetic solutions is a function of the type of the supporting carbonate in an closed or open system of carbonates with porous solutions and is a function of seawater- or freshwater influence on the latter. A small strontium portion of these rocks occurs in apatite crystals with abnormal sulfur contents which could be identified as fragments of fish teeth.

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Wir danken Herrn Dr. A. Schkbidbb, (Göttingen) für zahlreiche Mikrosondenuntersuchungen und Herrn A. FENMNGER (Graz) für die quantitative Bestimmung der Tonrückstände in den Kalken. Für einen Teil der analytischen Arbeiten wurde ein Röntgenspektrometer der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft benutzt.  相似文献   

Le condizioni del gelo al margine meridionale delle Alpi     

Fl. Ambrosetti 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1952,22(1-2):108-127

Summary On the strength of observations covering 50 years, carried out by four meteorological stations on the South side of the Alps, the following points were investigated: Number of days of frost, beginning and end of the frost, duration of the danger of frost or of the time free of frost, number of the days of ice, absolute minimums of temperatures in the month of frost, monthly and yearly sums of the degrees of cold. Two stations also ascertained the duration of the periods of frost and the frequency of determined minimum temperatures. A comparison with two stations on the North base of the Alps clearly shows up the special condition prevailing South of the Alps.

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Zusammenfassung An Hand fünfzigjähriger Beobachtungen von vier meteorologischen Stationen südlich der Alpen wurde folgendes untersucht: Anzahl der Frosttage, Beginn und Ende des Frostes, Dauer der Frostgefahr, bezw. der frostfreien Zeit, Anzahl der Eistage, absolute Minima der Temperaturen in den Frostmonaten, Monats-und Jahressummen der Kältegrade. An zwei Stationen wurden auch die Länge der Frostperioden und die Häufigkeit bestimmter Minimaltemperaturen ermittelt. Ein Vergleich mit zwei Stationen am Alpennordfuss lässt die besonderen Verhältnisse südlich der Alpen klar hervortreten.

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Résumé En utilisant les observations de 50 ans, faites par 4 stations météorologiques au sud des Alpes, on a étudié: le nombre de jours avec gel; le début et la fin du gel, la durée de la période avec danger de gel et la durée de la période sans danger de gel, le nombre des jours de gelée, le minimum absolu de la température pour les mois avec gel, les sommes mensuelles et annuelles des degrés de froid. Pour deux stations on a aussi déterminé la longueur des périodes avec gel et la fréquence des valeurs de la température minimale. La comparaison avec deux stations au nord des Alpes met en évidence les conditions particulières du sud des Alpes.

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Decomposition of Particulate Organic Carbon from Aquatic Macrophytes Under Different Nutrient Conditions     

Flávia Bottino  Marcela B. Cunha-Santino  Irineu Bianchini Jr. 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2016,22(1):17-33

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Fossil Fuel Saving through a Direct Solar Energy Water Heating System     

Ademar Michels  Flávio Dias Mayer  Roger Gallon  Ronaldo Hoffmann  Seimur Tiago Serafini 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(9):743-747

The global warming and energy crisis is motivating the search for sustainable power sources. The objective of this work is to analyze the economic return and quantify the reduction in the emission of pollutants, when low‐cost solar collectors are used as a partial substitute for a boiler that uses fuel oil as the energy source, in order to heat water for the swimming pools of the Physical Education Center, Federal University of Santa Maria. The collectors are made from PVC and other easily acquired materials. The estimations for energy saving are based on a collecting area of 182 m². From knowledge of the collectors' efficiency, the mathematical demonstration shows a fuel oil saving of 13,174 kg, representing 24% of the total amount consumed per annum. The investment required for the construction and installation of the collectors is US$ 6,445 and the estimated useful live is five years. The internal rate of return is 30%. The emission of pollutants is reduced by a considerable amount of 41,213 kg CO₂ equivalent/year. The use of direct sun energy as an alternative power source represents a significant economic interest as well as contributing to the mitigation of greenhouse gases.  相似文献   

Treatment of an ECF bleaching effluent with white-rot fungi in an air-lift bioreactor     

Érica S. Souza  João V. B. Souza  Flávio T. Silva  Teresa C. B. Paiva 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(4):1289-1294

Pulp and paper mills utilise huge amount of natural resources, inorganic and organic materials along with large volume of water in different stages of paper manufacturing, resulting in a significant volume of effluents. The aim of this work was to investigate the treatment of a bleaching effluent [effluent chlorine free (ECF)] from the cellulose industry with white-rot fungi in an air-lift bioreactor. This effluent was submitted to the biological treatment with three white-rot fungi, and, every 24 h for 120 h, analytical tests were performed to analyse the quality parameters of treatment (COD, phenols, colour, pH). Before and after treatment, the effluent was analysed as its molecular mass distribution and absorptivity in the UV/VIS. Lentinus edodes, Trametes versicolor and Trametes villosa promoted similarly significant reductions in the following characteristics: (a) effluent colour (40–44 %), (b) total phenol (30–51 %) and (c) COD (37–43 %). The UV/visible spectrometry reading of the effluent after the fungi treatment showed a reduction in the absorbance of all wavelengths between 260 and 500 nm. The size exclusion HPLC profile of the effluent was modified, and the treatment promoted changes in the intensity of the peaks associated with compounds of high and low molecular weight. Phenoloxidases were produced during the treatment. T. versicolor produced the highest levels of laccase, and L. edodes was the only fungus that produced peroxidases.  相似文献   

Searching for a gas cloud surrounding the WASP-18 planetary system     

L. Fossati  T. R. Ayres  C. A. Haswell  J. S. Jenkins  D. Bisikalo  D. Bohlender  L. Flöer  O. Kochukhov 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2014,354(1):21-28

Near-UV (NUV) Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the extreme hot-Jupiter WASP-12b revealed the presence of diffuse exospheric gas extending beyond the planet’s Roche lobe. Furthermore the NUV observations showed a complete lack of the normally bright core emission of the Mg?ii?h&k resonance lines, in agreement with the measured anomalously low stellar activity index (logR′ _HK ). Comparisons with other distant and inactive stars, and the analysis of radio and optical measurements of the intervening interstellar medium (ISM), led us to the conclusion that the system is surrounded by a circumstellar gas cloud, likely formed of material lost by the planet. Similar anomalous logR′ _HK index deficiencies might therefore signal the presence of translucent circumstellar gas around other stars hosting evaporating planets; we identified five such systems and WASP-18 is one of them. Both radio and optical observations of the region surrounding WASP-18 point towards a negligible ISM absorption along the WASP-18 line of sight. Excluding the unlikely possibility of an intrinsic anomalously low stellar activity, we conclude that the system is probably surrounded by a circumstellar gas cloud, presumably formed of material lost by the planet. Nevertheless only a far-UV spectrum of the star would provide a definite answer. Theoretical modelling suggests WASP-18b undergoes negligible mass loss, in contrast to the probable presence of a circumstellar gas cloud formed of material lost by the planet. The solution might be the presence either of an extra energy source driving mass loss (e.g., the reconnection of the stellar and planetary magnetic fields inside the planet atmosphere) or of an evaporating third body (e.g., moon).  相似文献