Determination of PBDEs in e-waste polymers from two solid waste landfills in Mexico     

Irma Gavilán-García  Luis Raúl Tovar-Gálvez  Erick Beristain-Montiel  Arturo Gavilán-García  Omar Amador-Muñoz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(20):1341

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Ephemeral stream chemistry below the elevation of near‐zero net infiltration          下载免费PDF全文

Omar M. Al‐Qudah  Arturo Woocay  John C. Walton 《水文研究》2015,29(10):2385-2401

Stormwater along ephemeral arroyos and areal infiltration in nearby boreholes were studied in the Amargosa Desert Region of Southern Nevada, USA. Chemical composition of ephemeral stream runoff was measured at elevations below where areal infiltration generally occurs in arid environments using lysimeters designed for this study. Borehole cuttings from several wells were evaluated in terms of chloride migration. Analysis of the borehole data indicates that net areal infiltration has been insignificant for the past 10 000+ years. This is associated with an environment where chloride and other soluble salts accumulate in shallow sediments and potentially in runoff waters. Measured storm events during the 4‐year study period were small and localized but sufficient to produce surface runoff, at least near the lysimeters. Composition of storm runoff captured by the lysimeters was found to be a combination of the water chemistry types found in precipitation and from leaching tests of near‐surface sediments. All major cations and bicarbonate increased relative to chloride when precipitation interacted with sediments to form ephemeral stream runoff. The changes were consistent with calculated saturation indices. Despite the long‐term accumulation of chloride in soils and deep sediments caused by complete evapotranspiration of infiltrating precipitation, runoff waters were characterized by low chloride and total dissolved solids. This study presents a limitation of the chloride mass‐balance method, as chloride and water migration were disassociated from each other in the study area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Temporal evolution of surface humidity in Spain: recent trends and possible physical mechanisms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano  Cesar Azorin-Molina  Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo  Enrique Morán-Tejeda  Jorge Lorenzo-Lacruz  Jesús Revuelto  Juan I. López-Moreno  Francisco Espejo 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(9-10):2655-2674

We analyzed the evolution of surface relative humidity (RH) and specific humidity (q) in Spain, based on complete records available from the State Meteorological Agency of Spain. The surface RH records used span the period 1920–2011, but because of spatial and temporal constraints in the dataset we used a subset of the data, covering the period 1961–2011. The subset contained 50 monthly series of RH, which were created through a process of quality control, reconstruction and homogenization. The data shows that there was a large decrease in RH over mainland Spain from 1961 to 2011, which was greatest in spring and summer. In contrast, there was no overall change in the specific humidity in this period, except in spring, when an increase was observed. The decrease in RH affected the entire country, but the changes in specific humidity were less homogeneous. For specific humidity there was a general increase in the northern and eastern parts of Spain, whereas negative trends dominated in the central and southern areas, mainly during the summer months. The results suggest that an increase in the water holding capacity of the atmosphere as a consequence of warming during recent decades has not been accompanied by an increase in the surface water vapor content, probably because the supply of water vapor from the main terrestrial and oceanic areas has been constrained. We discuss the implications of these findings for evapotranspiration processes, precipitation and water management in Spain.  相似文献   

Comparative dating of a Bison-bearing late-Pleistocene deposit,Térapa,Sonora, Mexico     

Jordon Bright  Darrell S. Kaufman  Steven L. Forman  William C. McIntosh  Jim I. Mead  Arturo Baez 《Quaternary Geochronology》2010,5(6):631-643

A recently discovered Bison-bearing fossil locality at Térapa, Sonora, Mexico, had previously been dated to 440 ± 130 ka using whole rock ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar on a basalt flow that impounds the deposit. This age is considerably older than the accepted age of about 240–160 ka for the migration of Bison into greater North America. The Térapa deposit also contains a mixture of fossils from extralimital or extinct tropical animals and temperate animals. Constraining the age of the deposit is critical to interpret the paleontologic and paleoclimatologic implications of this unique Sonoran fossil locality. Three additional geochronological methods have been applied to this deposit (infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL), amino acid racemization (AAR), and radiocarbon) and the data from the original ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age were revisited. The IRSL data suggest that the impounding basalt flow and the sediments that abut it were emplaced 43 ka ago and that the oldest sediments were deposited shortly after. Two radiocarbon ages suggest the fossiliferous sediments were emplaced by 42 ka. Effective diagenetic temperatures inferred from the AAR results, combined with AAR data from a similar-age deposit in southern Arizona, are in accordance with the 40–43 ka age estimates. For the AAR results to corroborate the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age, the effective diagenetic temperature for the area would need to be approximately 3 °C, which is unrealistically low for northern Mexico. The new geochronological results suggest the Térapa deposit and fossils are 40–43 ka old. The anomalously old ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age for the impounding basalt is probably the result of low ⁴⁰Ar* concentrations and inherited ⁴⁰Ar.  相似文献   

Land use/cover, landforms and fragmentation patterns in a tropical dry forest in the southern Pacific region of Mexico   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Leopoldo Galicia  Alba Esmeralda Zarco-Arista  Karla Ivette Mendoza-Robles  José Luis Palacio-Prieto  Arturo García-Romero 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(2):137-154

In spite of widely documented studies of deforestation rates and land use/cover changes in tropical dry forests in Mexico, relatively little is known about fragmentation patterns in such forests. This study defines the spatial distribution of landforms and land use/cover types the lower Papagayo River basin and examines their influence on fragmentation patterns and biological diversity in a tropical dry forest in that southern Pacific region. The land use/cover map was constructed from aerial photographs, Landsat TM imagery (2000) and fieldwork. Landform units were defined based on altitude, slope, lithology and morphology. Landscape fragmentation parameters were obtained using FRAGSTATS (version 3.3) considering the numbers of patches, mean, minimum and maximum patch size, edge density, total edge and connectivity. Results show tropical dry forest to be remnant vegetation (~11 per cent), characterized by isolation and low connectivity. Land use/cover types have different effects on fragmentation patterns. Agriculture and cattle raising produce similar numbers of patches, but with a different mean size; and human settlements have a scattered distribution pattern. The abandonment of rural agricultural livelihoods has favoured the expansion of secondary tropical dry forest characterized by continuity and high connectivity, which suggests a high regeneration potential from land abandonment. It can be concluded that tropical dry forest fragmentation and recovery at regional scales depend on such landscape attributes as lithology, slope, geomorphology and management.  相似文献   

Venus wind map at cloud top level with the MTR/THEMIS visible spectrometer, I: Instrumental performance and first results     

Patrick Gaulme  François-Xavier Schmider  Arturo López Ariste  Bernard Gelly 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(10):1335-1343

Solar light gets scattered at cloud top level in Venus’ atmosphere, in the visible range, which corresponds to the altitude of 67 km. We present Doppler velocity measurements performed with the high resolution spectrometer MTR of the Solar telescope THEMIS (Teide Observatory, Canary Island) on the sodium D2 solar line . Observations lasted only 49 min because of cloudy weather. However, we could assess the instrumental velocity sensitivity, per pixel of 1 arcsec, and give a value of the amplitude of zonal wind at equator at .  相似文献   

Crustal Architecture at the Collision Zone Between Rivera and North American Plates at the Jalisco Block: Tsujal Project     

Juanjo Dañobeitia  Rafael Bartolomé  Manel Prada  Francisco Nuñez-Cornú  Diego Córdoba  William L. Bandy  F. Estrada  Alejandra L. Cameselle  Diana Nuñez  Arturo Castellón  José Luis Alonso  Carlos Mortera  Modesto Ortiz 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(10-11):3553-3573

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Anatomical variation of five plant species along an elevation gradient in Mexico City basin within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt,Mexico     

P. Mayte S. Jiménez-Noriega  Teresa Terrazas  Lauro López-Mata  Arturo Sánchez-González  Heike Vibrans 《山地科学学报》2017,14(11):2182-2199

Change in environmental conditions with altitudinal gradients induces morpho-anatomical variations in plants that have been poorly documented in intertropical regions. Five species with three life forms, cryptophyte (Alchemilla procumbens, Geranium seemannii), hemicryptophyte (Acaena elongata, Lupinus montanus), and phanerophyte (Symphoricarpos microphyllus), distributed along an altitudinal gradient in the Sierra Nevada of central Mexico, were studied. The aims were to identify and evaluate their morpho-anatomical modifications under the hypothesis that the sizes of individuals and of their wood and leaf cell types decrease as elevation increases. Three individuals per species per site were collected at seven locations along the altitudinal gradient (2949-3952 m). Their morpho-anatomical characters were analyzed through multiple regression analyses. Elevation was the variable that best explained anatomical changes in the leaf and wood of the five species. Canopy density and potassium content in the soil also contributed to explain the variation in anatomical variables along the gradient. As elevation increased a bimodal pattern was observed in various anatomical characters as in the leaf width of A. elongata, A. procumbens and G. seemannii and in the vessel diameter of A. procumbens, G. seemannii, and L. montanus. Other features as the vessel diameter of A. elongata, the fiber length of S. microphyllus, and the ray width of A. elongata increased as the elevation increased. Anatomical traits have a tendency to decrease in size but just toward the end of the gradient, which is probably related to changes in canopy density. The plant response to the altitudinal gradient is more focused on anatomical adaptations than morphological variation; it is also species dependent.  相似文献   

Beitrag zur Tektonik Nordchiles     

Dipl.-Geol. Arturo Thomas 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1970,59(3):1013-1027

Zusammenfassung Großräumige geologische Kartierungen in den drei Nordprovinzen Chiles ergaben, daß die Kordilleren von weitgespannten Schuppenstrukturen beherrscht werden. Diese bestehen aus Grundgebirgs- und mesozoisch-känozoischen Deckgebirgsschollen, die durch N-S streichende und 40–60° nach Osten einfallende Überschiebungen bedingt sind. Die Überschiebungen verlaufen weitgehend parallel zu einer berechneten Fläche, auf der sich die Erdbebenhypozentren befinden.An den Rändern des Längstalgrabens finden sich örtlich neben normalen Störungen auch Überschiebungen. Kompressionstektonik herrscht gegenüber Dehnungstektonik vor.Die stratigraphische Position der Salzkordillere bei San Pedro de Atacama und eine Erklärung für die Entstehung der vulkanischen Eisenlagerstätte El Laco werden kurz skizziert.

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Regional mapping in northern Chile revealed large scale imbricate structures. The thrust sheets, derived either from the basement or from the postpaleozoic cover, have been moved along N striking, 40–60° E dipping thrust planes, which parallel the mathematically established plane comprising the foci of the earthquakes.At the rims of longitudinal valleys, in addition to normal faults overthrusts occur locally. Compressional tectonic is dominant with respect to tensional tectonic.The stratigraphic position of the Salt Ranges (Cordillera de la Sal) near San Pedro de Atacama and the genesis of the volcanic iron deposits of El Laco are briefly discussed.

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Resumen Estudios geológicos regionales en las tres provincias más septentrionales de Chile demuestran que en las cordilleras predomina una amplia estructura de escamas. Estas están constituidas por bloques de rocas antiquas del basamento paleozoico y de formaciones cobertizas mesozoico-cenozoicas que están controladas por fallas inversas y sobreescurrimientos de rumbo N-S y manteo de 40°–60° al este. Estos sobreescurrimientos son sensiblemente paralelos a la superficie en que se situan la mayor parte de los hipocentros sismicos.En los bordes del valle longitudinal o Pampa se encuentran frecuentemente fallas inversas junto a otras de tipo normal, indicando un predominio de procesos de compresión, sobre los de dilatación.Brevemente se discuta la posición estratigráfica de la Cordillera de la Sal, en el Salar de Atacama, y una explicación para la génesis del yacimiento volcánico de hierro del Laco.

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Résumé Des travaux géologiques récents ont démontré que le trait structural le plus important dans le nord du Chili est une alternance de blocs anciens et de formations de couverture méso-cénozoïques. Cette structure imbriquée est contrôlée par des failles inverses, parallèles au plan où la plus grande partie des tremblements de terre ont leur origine.Des failles inverses de faible pendage et même des nappes de charriage ne sont pas rares dans les formations sédimentaires jurassiques. La tectonique de compression prédomine sur la tectonique de tension.La position stratigraphique de la Cordillère de Sel près de San Pedro de Atacama et une explication pour la formation du gisement de fer volcanique de El Laco sont brièvement discutées.

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, , , . - , , N-S 40–60° . , . — . . San Pedro de Atacama El Laco.

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A suggested explanation of some cases of reversed magnetism in rocks     

Arturo Debenedetti 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1967,66(1):87-89

Summary Some of the cases of reverse magnetic polarity of rocks might be explained by the influence of pre-existent normal magnetized surrounding rocks.  相似文献