全文获取类型
收费全文 | 449篇 |
免费 | 16篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 8篇 |
大气科学 | 36篇 |
地球物理 | 108篇 |
地质学 | 150篇 |
海洋学 | 105篇 |
天文学 | 46篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
自然地理 | 17篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 19篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 26篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 28篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 13篇 |
2008年 | 26篇 |
2007年 | 21篇 |
2006年 | 14篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 20篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有471条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
451.
The Antarctic continent and surrounding oceans,which are cold and isolated from human activities,constitute a key region for multidisciplinary investigations.Since the early interest during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) during 1957-1958,numerous scientific studies have so far been carried out in Antarctica by different countries,which have provided important insights into Earth and environmental processes such as regional climate warming and its effect to biodiversity,changes in ice sheet and ocean circulation,ozone depletion,and origin and evolution of continents.The challenge of the next phase of Antarctic research will be to integrate all fields of science into a holistic understanding of Earth and life processes of the Antarctic region.In this thematic issue of Geoscience Frontiers,we assemble a set of scientific papers related to geomorphology,biology,molecular spectroscopy,and geology reflecting the recent research activity in the Antarctic region. 相似文献
452.
To compare the acute toxicity of CO(2)- and HCl-acidified seawater, eggs and larvae of a marine fish, Pagrus major, were exposed to seawater equilibrated with CO(2)-enriched gas mixtures (CO(2)=5% or 10%, O(2)=20.95% balanced with N(2)) or seawater acidified with 1 N HCl at two pH levels (pH 6.2 (=5% CO(2)) and 5.9 (=10% CO(2))) for 6 h (eggs) or 24 h (larvae). Mortalities of eggs were 85.8% (CO(2)) and 3.6% (HCl) at pH 6.2, and 97.4% (CO(2)) and 0.9% (HCl) at pH 5.9, while those of larvae were 61.2% (CO(2)) and 1.6% (HCl) at pH 6.2, and 100% (CO(2)) and 5.0% (HCl) at pH 5.9. Thus, previous research on the effects of acidified seawater on marine organisms, as a substitute for CO(2), has largely underestimated the toxic effects of CO(2). 相似文献
453.
Atsushi Takenouchi Akira Yamaguchi Takashi Mikouchi Richard Greenwood Sojiro Yamazaki 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2023,58(10):1406-1428
Asuka (A) 12325 is the first poikilitic shergottite having a depleted pattern in light rare earth elements (REE). Compared with known poikilitic shergottites, A 12325 has smaller but more abundant pyroxene oikocrysts with remarkable Fe-rich pigeonite rims, indicating that A 12325 cooled relatively faster at a shallower part of the crust. The redox condition (logfO2 = IW + 0.6-IW + 1.7) and Fe-rich chemical compositions of each mineral in A 12325 are close to enriched shergottites. The intermediate shergottites could not form by a simple mixing between parent magmas of A 12325 and enriched shergottites. Although A 12325 contains various high-pressure minerals such as majorite and ringwoodite, plagioclase is only partly maskelynitized. Therefore, the maximum shock pressure may be within 17–22 GPa. Thermal conduction and ringwoodite growth calculation around a shock vein revealed that the shock dwell time of A 12325 is at least 40 ms. The weaker shock pressure and longer shock dwell time in A 12325 may be attained by an impact event similar to those of nakhlites and Northwest Africa (NWA) 8159. Such a weak shock ejection event may be as common on Mars as a severe shock event recorded in shergottites. Alteration of sulfide observed in A 12325 may imply the presence of magmatic fluid in its reservoir on Mars. A 12325 expands a chemical variety of Martian rocks and has a unique shock history among poikilitic shergottites while A 12325 also implies that poikilitic shergottites are common rocks on Mars regardless of their sources. 相似文献
454.
Yuichi Nosaka Tomonori Isada Isao Kudo Hiroaki Saito Hiroshi Hattori Atsushi Tsuda Koji Suzuki 《Journal of Oceanography》2014,70(1):91-103
We investigated the water-column light utilization efficiency (Ψ) of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the Western Subarctic Gyre (WSG) of the North Pacific during summer 2008. The Ψ values (0.64–1.86 g C [g Chl a]?1 [mol photon]?1 m2) obtained were observed to increase significantly with decreasing daily photosynthetic available radiation (PAR) and were generally higher than those of previous studies, not only from the subarctic Pacific but also from the world’s oceans. To examine the effect of iron availability on Ψ in the WSG, Ψ values were estimated from the data of two in situ iron fertilization experiments: the Subarctic Pacific Iron Experiment for Ecosystem Dynamics Study I (SEEDS-I) and II (SEEDS-II). We found that iron availability did not affect Ψ values. Overall, this study revealed that Ψ values changed remarkably in the WSG during the summer, and that higher values were found at the stations where moderate PAR levels (ca. 10–30 mol photons m?2 day?1) were observed and where autotrophic flagellates predominated in the phytoplankton assemblages. 相似文献
455.
ABSTRACTKnowledge of rainfall characteristics such as drop-size distribution is essential for the development of erosion-mitigation strategies and models. This research used an optical disdrometer to elucidate the relationships between raindrop-size distribution, median volume drop diameter (D50), kinetic energy and radar reflectivity (dBz) of simulated rainfall of different intensities. The D50 values were higher for the simulated rain than for natural rain at almost all rainfall intensities, perhaps due to variations in rainfall types and the turbulence in natural rain that breaks up large drops. The kinetic energy ranged from 26.67 to 5955.51 J m?2 h ?1, while the median volume drop diameter (D50) was in the range 1.94–7.25 mm, for intensities between 1.5 and 202.6 mm h?1. The relationship between radar reflectivity (Z) and the intensity (R) of the simulated rain was best described by a power law function (Z = aRb), with a and b coefficients in the ranges 162–706 and 0.94–2.46, respectively, throughout the range of rainfall intensities (1.5–202.6 mm h?1). 相似文献
456.
Atsushi Kubokawa 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):223-257
Abstract The instability of a current with a geostrophic surface density front is investigated by means of a reduced gravity model having a velocity profile with nearly uniform potential vorticity. It is shown that currents are unstable when the mean potential vorticity decreases toward the surface front at the critical point of the frontal trapped waves investigated by Paldor (1983). This instability is identical with that demonstrated by Killworth (1983) in the longwave limit. The cross-stream component of mass flux and the rates of energy conversions among the five energy forms defined by Orlanski (1968) are also calculated. The main results are as follows, (a) The mass flux toward the surface front is positive near the front and negative around the critical point. The positive mass flux near the front does not vanish at the position of the undisturbed surface front, so that the mean position of the front moves outward and the region of the strong current spreads. (b) The potential energy of the mean flow integrated over the fluid is released through the work done by the force of the pressure gradient of the mean flow on the fluid, and is converted into the kinetic energy of the mean flow. (c) In the critical layer, the mean flow is rapidly accelerated with the growth of the unstable wave. This acceleration is caused by the rapid phase shift of the unstable wave in the critical layer. 相似文献
457.
458.
Anis Chekirbane Maki Tsujimura Atsushi Kawachi Fethi Lachaal Hiroko Isoda Jamila Tarhouni 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(8):1777-1794
The study area is a small coastal plain in north-eastern Tunisia. It is drained by an ephemeral stream network and is subject to several pollutant discharges such as oilfield brine coming from a neighboring oil company and wastewater from Somâa city, located in the upstream of the plain. Furthermore, a hydraulic head near the coastal part of the aquifer is below sea level, suggesting that seawater intrusion may occur. A time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) survey, based on 28 soundings, was conducted in Wadi Al Ayn and Daroufa plains to delineate the saline groundwater. Based on longitudinal and transversal resistivity two-dimensional pseudosections calibrated with boring data, the extent of saline water was identified. Geochemical tracers were combined with the resistivity dataset to differentiate the origin of groundwater salinization. In the upstream part of the plain, the infiltration of oilfield brine through the sandy bed of Wadi Al Ayn seems to have a considerable effect on groundwater salinization. However, in the coastal part of the aquifer, groundwater salinization is due to seawater intrusion and the saltwater is reaching an inland extent around 1.3 km from the shoreline. The contribution ratios of saline water bodies derived from the inverted chloride data vary for the oilfield brine from 1 to 13 % and for the seawater from 2 to 21 %. 相似文献
459.
Daisuke Nishio-Hamane Asa Shimizu Ritsuko Nakahira Ken Niwa Asami Sano-Furukawa Taku Okada Takehiko Yagi Takumi Kikegawa 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2010,37(3):129-136
The stability and equation of state for the cotunnite phase in TiO2 were investigated up to a pressure of about 70 GPa by high-pressure in situ X-ray diffraction measurements using a laser-heated
diamond anvil cell. The transition sequence under high pressure was rutile → α-PbO2 phase → baddeleyite phase → OI phase → cotunnite phase with increasing pressure. The cotunnite phase was the most stable
phase at pressures from 40 GPa to at least 70 GPa. The equation of state parameters for the cotunnite phase were established
on the platinum scale using the volume data at pressures of 37–68 GPa after laser annealing, in which the St value, an indicator of the magnitude of the uniaxial stress component in the samples, indicates that these measurements were
performed under quasi-hydrostatic conditions. The third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state at K
0′ = 4.25 yields V
0 = 15.14(5) cm3/mol and K
0 = 294(9), and the second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state yields V
0 = 15.11(5) cm3/mol and K
0 = 306(9). Therefore, we conclude that the bulk modulus for the cotunnite phase is not comparable to that of diamond. 相似文献
460.
Fluid characteristics of retrogressed eclogites and mafic granulites from the Cambrian Gondwana suture zone in southern India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. Santosh Toshiaki Tsunogae Hisako Shimizu Jean Dubessy 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2010,159(3):349-369
Eclogite-facies rocks and high-pressure granulites provide windows to the deeper parts of subduction zones and the root of
mountain chains, carrying potential records of fluids associated with subduction-accretion-collision tectonics. Here, we report
petrological and fluid inclusion data on retrogressed eclogite and high-pressure granulite samples from Sittampundi, Kanji
Malai and Perundarai in southern India. These rocks occur within the trace of the Cambrian collisional suture which marks
the final phase of amalgamation of the Gondwana supercontinent. The garnet–clinopyroxene assemblage in the eclogites preserves
relict omphacite, whereas the high-pressure granulites are characterized by an assemblage of garnet and clinopyroxene in the
absence of omphacite and with minor plagioclase, orthopyroxene, and quartz. Phase relations computed for the eclogite assemblage
yield peak P–T conditions of 19 kbar and 1,010°C. The mafic granulites also preserve the memory of high to ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism
followed by an isothermal decompression. Systematic fluid inclusion optical, microthermometric and laser Raman spectroscopic
studies were conducted in garnet and plagioclase from the eclogite–high pressure granulite suite. The results suggest that
the early fluids were a mixture of CO2, CH4 and N2 probably derived from decarbonation and devolatilization reactions in a subduction setting during the prograde stage. The
later generation inclusions, which constitute the dominant category in all the samples studied, are characterized by a near-pure
CO2 composition with moderate to high densities (up to 1.154 g/cm3). The highest density fluid inclusions recorded in this study occur within the mafic granulites from Sittampundi (0.968–1.154 g/cm3) and Kanji Malai (1.092–1.116 g/cm3). In some cases, carbonate minerals such as dolomite and calcite are associated with the CO2-rich fluid inclusions. The composition and densities of the later generation fluids closely match with those of the CO2-bearing fluid inclusions reported from ultrahigh-temperature granulites occurring proximal to the eclogite–high pressure
granulite suite within this suture zone, and suggest a common tectonic link for the fluid regime. We evaluate the fluid characteristics
associated with convergent plate margin processes and propose that the early aqueous fluids probably associated with the eclogites
were consumed during the formation of the retrograde hydrous mineral assemblages, whereas the fluid regime of the high-pressure
and ultrahigh-temperature granulites was mostly CO2-dominated. The tectonic setting of the rocks along a collisional suture marking the trace along which crustal blocks were
welded through subduction–collision process is in favor of a model involving the derivation of CO2 from sub-lithospheric sources such as a carbonated tectosphere invaded by hot asthenosphere, or underplated mafic magmas. 相似文献