Book reviews     

Giulio P. Genoni  Bernhard Wehrli 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1989,51(4):370-371

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Book review     

David Gubbins  Emile A. Okal  Roberto Scarpa  R. E. Anderson  Leszek Czechowski  Rodney W. Page  Bernhard Spörli  Magdalena Kądziałko-Hofmokl  J. A. Majorowicz  Gregory Houseman  Donald L. Turcotte  David F. McTigue  Teng-fong Wong  David Lockner  David V. Wiltschko  David M. Fountain  G. P. Glasby  R. J. Angel  S. J. Gibowicz  Jonathan Franzen  Kacper R. Rybicki  Brian Farrell  Anil Suri  Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz  Witold G. Strupczewski 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,127(4):695-752

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A Simplified, Accurate and Fast Method for Lithium Isotope Analysis of Rocks and Fluids, and δ⁷Li Values of Seawater and Rock Reference Materials     

Martin Rosner  Lary Ball  Bernhard Peucker-Ehrenbrink  Jerzy Blusztajn  Wolfgang Bach  Jörg Erzinger 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2007,31(2):77-88

We report a new approach to conduct fast and accurate lithium isotope ratio measurements by MC-ICP mass spectrometry after wet chemical sample preparation. In contrast to most previously published methods our MC-ICP-MS set-up did not use a desolvating system to achieve appropriate ion beam intensities and, therefore, was less affected by matrix-induced shifts of the instrumental mass bias. As the total lithium background and build-up in the sample introduction system was low, previous sample residues could be washed out by an extended uptake of the new sample. Elimination of a nitric acid rinse step increased the sample throughput by a factor of two and allowed the instrumental mass bias drift to be tracked more precisely. δ⁷Li values of powdered silicate rock reference materials and seawater obtained in this study revealed good accuracy and an overall analytical uncertainty of typically 0.5‰ (2s). On the basis of a comparison between our lithium isotope data and compiled literature data, we recommend preliminary average δ⁷Li values for seawater (+30.8‰) and several silicate rock reference materials (BHVO-1: +5.0‰; JA-1: +5.6‰; JB-2: +4.8‰). The compilation of published δ⁷Li values for seawater suggests that the observed large lithium isotope differences are due to inter-method and/or interlaboratory bias. Most recently published δ⁷Li values for seawater show little variation and confirm a constant lithium isotope composition (at the sub ‰ level) of seawater in well mixed ocean basins.  相似文献   

Reductive Degradation of Polychlorinated Phenols by Pd/C‐Formate: An Ecoefficient Remediation Method for Aqueous Chlorinated Phenols     

Rainer Hartung  Dieter Lenoir  Bernhard Henkelmann  Sigurd Schulte‐Hostede  Karl‐Werner Schramm 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2007,35(3):235-238

A new catalytic dehydrohalogenation method for chlorinated phenols is described, which can be used to break down chlorinated pollutants in wastewater. It uses a system of Pd‐C as catalyst with sodium formate as reducing agent. This economic method is easy to perform with a complete degradation of the pollutant within 12 to 30 h at room temperature. The ecoefficieny of the procedure is compared with eleven alternative methods showing the special advantages of the method.  相似文献   

Two-dimensional numerical modeling of tectonic and metamorphic histories at active continental margins     

Taras Gerya  Bernhard Stöckhert 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(2):250-274

The evolution of an active continental margin is simulated in two dimensions, using a finite difference thermomechanical code with half-staggered grid and marker-in-cell technique. The effect of mechanical properties, changing as a function of P and T, assigned to different crustal layers and mantle materials in the simple starting structure is discussed for a set of numerical models. For each model, representative P–T paths are displayed for selected markers. Both the intensity of subduction erosion and the size of the frontal accretionary wedge are strongly dependent on the rheology chosen for the overriding continental crust. Tectonically eroded upper and lower continental crust is carried down to form a broad orogenic wedge, intermingling with detached oceanic crust and sediments from the subducted plate and hydrated mantle material from the overriding plate. A small portion of the continental crust and trench sediments is carried further down into a narrow subduction channel, intermingling with oceanic crust and hydrated mantle material, and to some extent extruded to the rear of the orogenic wedge underplating the overriding continental crust. The exhumation rates for (ultra)high pressure rocks can exceed subduction and burial rates by a factor of 1.5–3, when forced return flow in the hanging wall portion of the self-organizing subduction channel is focused. The simulations suggest that a minimum rate of subduction is required for the formation of a subduction channel, because buoyancy forces may outweigh drag forces for slow subduction. For a weak upper continental crust, simulated by a high pore pressure coefficient in the brittle regime, the orogenic wedge and megascale melange reach a mid- to upper-crustal position within 10–20 Myr (after 400–600 km of subduction). For a strong upper crust, a continental lid persists over the entire time span covered by the simulation. The structural pattern is similar in all cases, with four zones from trench toward arc: (a) an accretionary complex of low-grade metamorphic sedimentary material; (b) a wedge of mainly continental crust, with medium-grade HP metamorphic overprint, wound up and stretched in a marble cake fashion to appear as nappes with alternating upper and lower crustal provenance, and minor oceanic or hydrated mantle interleaved material; (c) a megascale melange composed of high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic oceanic and continental crust, and hydrated mantle, all extruded from the subduction channel; (d) zone represents the upward tilted frontal part of the remaining upper plate lid in the case of a weak upper crust. The shape of the P–T paths and the time scales correspond to those typically recorded in orogenic belts. Comparison of the numerical results with the European Alps reveals some similarities in their gross structural and metamorphic pattern exposed after collision. A similar structure may be developed at depth beneath the forearc of the Andes, where the importance of subduction erosion is well documented, and where a strong upper crust forms a stable lid.  相似文献   

The Influence of Thermal Effects on the Wind Speed Profile of the Coastal Marine Boundary Layer   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

Bernhard Lange  Søren Larsen  Jørgen Højstrup  Rebecca Barthelmie 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,112(3):587-617

The wind speed profile in a coastal marine environment is investigated with observations from the measurement program Rødsand, where meteorological data are collected with a 50 m high mast in the Danish Baltic Sea, about 11 km from the coast. When compared with the standard Monin—Obukhov theory the measured wind speed increase between 10 m and 50 m height is found to be systematically larger than predicted for stable and near-neutral conditions. The data indicate that the deviation is smaller for short (10–20 km) distances to the coast than for larger (>30 km) distances. The theory of the planetary boundary layer with an inversion lid offers a qualitative explanation for these findings. When warm air is advected over colder water, a capping inversion typically develops. The air below is constantly cooled by the water and gradually develops into a well-mixed layer with near-neutral stratification. Typical examples as well as scatter plots of the data are consistent with this explanation. The deviation of measured and predicted wind speed profiles is shown to be correlated with the estimated height and strength of the inversion layer.  相似文献   

Dry melting of muscovite+quartz in the range P s=7 kb to P s=20 kb     

Bernhard Storre 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1972,37(1):87-89

Experimental data obtained for dry melting of muscovite + quartz show that the stability field of this assemblage is extended to higher temperatures compared with the corresponding melting reactions with excess vapor which have been determined by Storre and Karotke (1971, 1972).  相似文献   

Boreale Einflüsse im Oberjura Westeuropas?     

Doz. Dr. Bernhard Ziegler 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1964,54(1):250-261

Zusammenfassung Die allmähliche Abnahme der Formen-Mannigfaltigkeit gegen Norden deutet ebenso wie die Nordgrenze des Vorkommens von Riff-Korallen, Diceraten, Nerineen und Oppelien auf Unterschiede in der Meeres-Temperatur. Einer südlichen tropischen Region steht eine gemä\igte (boreale) Zone im Norden gegenüber. Nordwesteuropa liegt im übergangsbereich.Während des Oberjura ist keine allgemeine änderung der Meeres-Temperaturen nachweisbar. Die faziellen und faunistischen Besonderheiten im Mittel- und Obermalm Nordwesteuropas lassen sich am besten durch eine Verlagerung von Meeres-Strömungen erklären.

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Summary In the Upper Jurassic of Europe there is a northern boundary in the distribution of reef-corals, Diceratids, Nerineids, and Oppeliids. This feature and the greater number of species and genera in southern regions than in the North points to differences in the temperature of the Sea. It is possible to separate a southern tropical region from a temperate (boreal) zone in the North. Northwestern Europe is situated in between.During the Upper Jurassic no general change in the temperature of the sea can be observed. Peculiarities in facies and fauna of the northwestern European Upper Jurassic are well explained by displacements of currents in the Sea.

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Résumé Dans le Jurassique supérieur de l'Europe une région tropicale méridionale peut Être séparée d'une zone (« boreale ») tempérée dans le Nord. L'Europe du nord-ouest est située dans le domaine transitaire. Pendant le Jurassique supérieur aucun changement de la température de la mer est à constater. Les particuliarités du facies et de la faune dans le Malm moyen et supérieur de l'Europe du nord-ouest sont très facilement à expliquer par un déplacement de courrents dans la mer.

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Für wertvolle Hinweise danke ich Dr. K. W.Barthel (München), Dr. O. F.Geyer (Stuttgart), Prof. Dr. E.Kuhn-Schnyder und Dr. H.Rieber (beide Zürich).  相似文献   

Early Paleozoic rifting and bimodal volcanism in the Ossa-Morena Zone of south-west Spain     

Uwe Giese  Bernhard Bühn 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1994,83(1):143-160

Lower Paleozoic volcanic members have been investigated by geological, petrographical and geochemical means in a traverse across the Ossa-Morena Zone (OMZ) in south-west Spain.The volcanism lasted from the Early Cambrian to the Early Ordovician, with a peak in the Middle Cambrian. The volcanism is bimodal, starting up with acidic and ending with basic compositions. From north to south, peralkaline rhyolites change to rhyolites, and strongly enriched alkali basalts change via transitional basalts to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB-type basalts). The geological and magmatic evolution suggests an extensive Early Paleozoic rifting with its center along the southern boundary of the OMZ. Temporal, spatial and crustal aspects of the rifting event are presented in a geodynamic model.  相似文献   

UV‐Irradiation of the Antibiotic Sulfathiazole Surprisingly Leads to Former Antituberculotic Promizole          下载免费PDF全文

Astrid Spielmeyer  Myriam Heer  Siegrun A.I. Mohring  Heike Hausmann  Jessica Stahl  Manfred Kietzmann  Sebastian Dold  Bernhard Spengler  Gerd Hamscher 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(4):490-495

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