Analysis of sky condition using solar radiation data at Kwangju and Seoul, South Korea and Ile-Ife, Nigeria     

K. O. Ogunjobi  Y. J. Kim  J. A. Adedokun  S. Y. Ryu  J. E. Kim 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2002,72(3-4):265-272

Summary ?Daily global and diffuse radiation measurements have been used to characterize the atmosphere optical conditions at Kwangju (Lat.35.13N, Long.126.53E) and Seoul (Lat.37.57N, Long.126.98E) in South Korea and Ile-Ife (Lat.7.14N, Long.4.56E) in Nigeria. The clearness index, (CI) which gives the percentage depletion by the sky of the incoming global radiation and the diffuse ratio, (D_R) which represents the effectiveness of the sky in scattering incoming radiation have been analyzed in this study. Results show an average clearness index value of 0.57 for the year 1999 with maximum values occurring during the wet seasons at Ile-Ife. The average clearness indexes for Kwangju and Seoul from 1998–2000 was 0.48 and 0.34, respectively, with both stations having maximum clearness indexes in the winter seasons. The diffuse ratio was higher at Kwangju and Seoul than at Ile-Ife due to heavy dust pollution from the Gobi desert in the Korea peninsula in spring, and high biomass burning at Kwangju in the fall. Department of Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria Received May 7, 2001; Revised November 24, 2001  相似文献   

Undrained Shear Strength from Field Vane Test on Busan Clay     

S. G. Chung  G. J. Kim  M. S. Kim  C. K. Ryu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2007,25(3):167-179

An unusually thick and soft clay, which is called Busan clay, has been deposited throughout the Nakdong River estuary, South Korea. Although many reclamation works have been carried out in the area since early 1990s, large- and small-scale slope failures have taken place mostly during the soil placement on the clay. A case history briefly describes failure of a breakwater resulting from overestimation of the undrained strength, obtained from laboratory testing. An attempt has been made to examine the methods for determining the undrained strength from field vane testing. For this, the undrained strengths from field vane testing were obtained using different correction factors and compared with each other at five sites in the area. An alternative correction method applicable especially for Busan clay was found, using a range of corrected strength ratios. Further, relationships between the depositional environment and the undrained strength of the clay have also been investigated.  相似文献   

Realistic Representation of Trees in an Urban Canopy Model     

Young-Hee Ryu  Elie Bou-Zeid  Zhi-Hua Wang  James A. Smith 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2016,159(2):193-220

  相似文献   

Accuracy improvement of the radar backscatter simulation from sea surface covered by oil slick using fetch-dependent waveheight spectrum: Comparison with the 2007 <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heibei Spirit</Emphasis> Case in the Yellow Sea     

Tae-Ho Kim  Chan-Su Yang  Kazuo Ouchi 《Ocean Science Journal》2016,51(2):235-249

In this paper, results are presented on the comparison of X-band radar backscattering coefficient (RBC) from an oilcovered sea surface that features the Elfouhaily and Durden-Vesecky waveheight spectra. The Durden-Vesecky spectrum applies to a fully-developed sea, while the Elfouhaily spectrum accounts for the fetch of arbitrary length. Using these two waveheight spectra, a one-dimensional random rough surface is simulated by the Monte Carlo method, and the method of moments (MoM) is applied to yield the RBC. Comparison of the results with TerraSAR-X synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired over the coastal waters polluted by the Hebei Spirit oil tanker shows that the Elfouhaily spectrum yields better agreement than the Durden-Vesecky spectrum for the fully-developed sea, and that the fetch-dependent Elfouhaily spectrum improves the agreement with SAR data in comparison with the fetch-independent spectrum for the fully developed sea. A possible application to estimate the amount of spilled oil is also suggested.  相似文献   

Failure Monitoring and Leakage Detection for Underground Storage of Compressed Air Energy in Lined Rock Caverns     

Hyung-Mok Kim  Jonny Rutqvist  Hyunwoo Kim  Dohyun Park  Dong-Woo Ryu  Eui-Seob Park 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(2):573-584

  相似文献   

Factors controlling carbon isotope ratios of dissolved inorganic carbon in two major tributaries of the Han River,Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kwang‐Sik Lee  Jong‐Sik Ryu  Kyu‐Hong Ahn  Ho‐Wan Chang  Dongho Lee 《水文研究》2007,21(4):500-509

Understanding the carbon cycle of the Han River system in Korea is of prime interest in managing and preserving this valuable water resource for more than 20 million residents in the area. As a part of a comprehensive carbon cycling study for the Han River system, this report focuses on the carbon isotope compositions of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in its two major tributaries, the North and the South Han Rivers. The major difference in carbonate chemistry of the tributaries originates primarily from the lithology of the catchment areas. The South Han River, draining a carbonate‐dominant terrain, has much higher alkalinities and DIC concentrations, whereas the lower concentrations in the North Han River indicate little influence of carbonate weathering. Likewise, δ¹³C_DIC values in the South Han River indicate that the DIC input from the carbonate rocks is important in controlling carbon isotope ratios of DIC. For the North Han River, the oxidation of organic material influences the amount of riverine DIC and δ¹³C_DIC values to a greater extent. Overall, remarkable seasonal and spatial variations of river chemistry and carbon isotope compositions of DIC reflect the variability in geo‐hydrologic characteristics, in the water regime, and in metabolic activities in the river water and/or the drainage areas. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Enhanced Cloud Disruption by Magnetic Field Interaction     

Gregori G  Miniati F  Ryu D  Jones TW 《The Astrophysical journal》1999,527(2):L113-L116

We present results from the first three-dimensional numerical simulations of moderately supersonic cloud motion through a tenuous, magnetized medium. We show that the interaction of the cloud with a magnetic field perpendicular to its motion has a great dynamical impact on the development of instabilities at the cloud surface. Even for initially spherical clouds, magnetic field lines become trapped in surface deformations and undergo stretching. The consequent field amplification that occurs there and, in particular, its variation across the cloud face then dramatically enhance the growth rate of Rayleigh-Taylor unstable modes, hastening the cloud disruption.  相似文献   

Detecting massive green algae (Ulva prolifera) blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Young Baek Son  Jee-Eun Min  Joo-Hyung Ryu 《Ocean Science Journal》2012,47(3):359-375

The historically massive bloom of the green macroalgae Ulva prolifera reported in June?CAugust 2008 around the Qingdao, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and Japan coasts has recurred in a similar season and region. On June 13, 2011, around Qingdao, China, the world??s first Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) detected an enormous bloom of floating green algae, which originated from the nearshore Subei Bank, China. The large floating green algae patches were observed along and across the Yellow Sea and in the East China Sea during 2011 summer by various oceanic cruises. To detect the massive macroalgae blooms from space, we analyzed their spectral characteristics from in situ optical measurements and satellite-derived green algae spectra. An ??Index of floating Green Algae for GOCI?? (IGAG) was developed from the multiple spectral band ratios using three wavelengths (555, 660, 745 nm), which the spectral response of green algae reflected at 555, 745, and 865 nm and absorbed at 660 and 680 nm. The results were compared with those obtained by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and Korea Ocean Satellite Center (KOSC) approaches. An advantage of the IGAG method was that muted or subtle signals of floating green algae were enhanced and separated from surrounding complex water signals. Although maps of floating green algae derived by the other approaches delineated dense green algae, they were less sensitive to subtle (less dense) features and in cases of nearby cloudy or complex water conditions. The floating green algae maps from IGAG provided a more robust estimate of wide floating green algae blooms than those derived using NDVI, EVI, or KOSC approaches. The IGAG approach should be useful for tracing and monitoring changes in green algae blooms on regional and global scales.  相似文献   

Assessment of GOCI radiometric products using MERIS, MODIS and field measurements   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nicolas Lamquin  Constant Mazeran  David Doxaran  Joo-Hyung Ryu  Young-Je Park 《Ocean Science Journal》2012,47(3):287-311

The first Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) launched by South Korea in June 2010 constitutes a major breakthrough in marine optics remote-sensing for its capabilities to observe the diurnal cycles of the ocean. The light signal recorded at eight wavelengths by the sensor allows, after correction for Solar illumination and atmospheric effects, the retrieval of coloured biogeochemical products such as the chlorophyll, suspended sediment and coloured dissolved organic matter concentrations every hour between 9:00 am and 4:00 pm local time around the Korean peninsula. However operational exploitation of the mission needs beforehand a sound validation of first the radiometric calibration, i.e. inspection of the top-of-atmosphere reflectance, and second atmospheric corrections for retrieval of the water-leaving reflectance at sea surface. This study constitutes a contribution to the quality assessment of the GOCI radiometric products generated by the Korea Ocean Satellite Center (KOSC) through comparison with concurrent data from the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, NASA) and MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS, ESA) sensors as well as in situ measurements. These comparisons are made with spatially and temporally collocated data. We focus on Rayleigh-corrected reflectance (?? _RC ) and normalized remote-sensing marine reflectance (nRrs). Although GOCI compares reasonably well with MERIS and MODIS, what demonstrates the success of Ocean Colour in geostationary orbit, we show that the current GOCI atmospheric correction systematically masks out data over very turbid waters and needs further examination and correction for future release of the GOCI products.  相似文献   

Initial validation of GOCI water products against in situ data collected around Korean peninsula for 2010–2011     

Jeong-Eon Moon  Young-Je Park  Joo-Hyung Ryu  Jong-Kuk Choi  Jae-Hyun Ahn  Jee-Eun Min  Young-Baek Son  Sun-Ju Lee  Hee-Jeong Han  Yu-Hwan Ahn 《Ocean Science Journal》2012,47(3):261-277

This paper provides initial validation results for GOCI-derived water products using match-ups between the satellite and ship-borne in situ data for the period of 2010?C2011, with a focus on remote-sensing reflectance (R _rs ). Match-up data were constructed through systematic quality control of both in situ and GOCI data, and a manual inspection of associated GOCI images to identify pixels contaminated by cloud, land and inter-slot radiometric discrepancy. Efforts were made to process and quality check the in situ R _rs data. This selection process yielded 32 optimal match-ups for the R _rs spectra, chlorophyll a concentration (Chl_a) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and with 20 match-ups for suspended particulate matter concentration (SPM). Most of the match-ups are located close to shore and thus the validation should be interpreted limiting to near-shore coastal waters. The R _rs match-ups showed the mean relative errors of 18?C33% for the visible bands with the lowest 18?C19% for the 490 nm and 555 nm bands and 33% for the 412 nm band. Correlation for the R _rs match-ups was high in the 490?C865 nm bands (R²=0.72?C0.84) and lower in the 412 nm band (R²=0.43) and 443 nm band (R²=0.66). The match-ups for Chl_a showed a low correlation (<0.41) although the mean absolute percentage error was 35% for the GOCI standard Chl_a. The CDOM match-ups showed an even worse comparison with R²<0.2. These match-up comparison for Chl_a and CDOM would imply the difficulty to estimate Chl_a and CDOM in near-shore waters where the variability in SPM would dominate the variability in R _rs . Clearly, the match-up statistics for SPM was better with R²=0.73 and 0.87 for two evaluated algorithms, although GOCI-derived SPM overestimated low concentration and underestimated high concentration. Based on this initial match-up analysis, we made several recommendations -1) to collect more offshore under-water measurements of the R _rs data, 2) to include quality flags in level-2 products, 3) to introduce an ISRD correction in the GOCI processing chain, 4) to investigate other types of in-water algorithms such as semianalytical ones, and 5) to investigate vicarious calibration for GOCI data and to maintain accurate and consistent calibration of field radiometric instruments.  相似文献