Development of the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) for predicting the impact of storms on high-energy,active-margin coasts     

Patrick L. Barnard  Maarten van Ormondt  Li H. Erikson  Jodi Eshleman  Cheryl Hapke  Peter Ruggiero  Peter N. Adams  Amy C. Foxgrover 《Natural Hazards》2014,74(2):1095-1125

The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) applies a predominantly deterministic framework to make detailed predictions (meter scale) of storm-induced coastal flooding, erosion, and cliff failures over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers). CoSMoS was developed for hindcast studies, operational applications (i.e., nowcasts and multiday forecasts), and future climate scenarios (i.e., sea-level rise + storms) to provide emergency responders and coastal planners with critical storm hazards information that may be used to increase public safety, mitigate physical damages, and more effectively manage and allocate resources within complex coastal settings. The prototype system, developed for the California coast, uses the global WAVEWATCH III wave model, the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimetry-based global tide model, and atmospheric-forcing data from either the US National Weather Service (operational mode) or Global Climate Models (future climate mode), to determine regional wave and water-level boundary conditions. These physical processes are dynamically downscaled using a series of nested Delft3D-WAVE (SWAN) and Delft3D-FLOW (FLOW) models and linked at the coast to tightly spaced XBeach (eXtreme Beach) cross-shore profile models and a Bayesian probabilistic cliff failure model. Hindcast testing demonstrates that, despite uncertainties in preexisting beach morphology over the ~500 km alongshore extent of the pilot study area, CoSMoS effectively identifies discrete sections of the coast (100s of meters) that are vulnerable to coastal hazards under a range of current and future oceanographic forcing conditions, and is therefore an effective tool for operational and future climate scenario planning.  相似文献   

Type-Curve Interpretation of Multirate Single-Hole Pneumatic Injection Tests in Unsaturated Fractured Rock   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Walter A. Illman  Shlomo P. Neuman 《Ground water》2000,38(6):899-911

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Flow to a well in a five-layer system with application to the Oxnard Basin   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Li Y  Neuman SP 《Ground water》2007,45(6):672-682

Nearly 40 years ago, Neuman (1968) developed an analytical solution for drawdown in a system of three aquifers separated by two aquitards when one of the aquifers is pumped at a constant rate. Whereas the simpler case of two aquifers separated by one aquitard has been presented by Neuman and Witherspoon (1969a), the full five-layer solution has not been previously evaluated. We do so here using numerical inversion of its Laplace-transformed version and present selected results graphically in dimensionless form. The solution demonstrates that the effect of pumping propagates across all five layers, adding emphasis to a question previously raised by Neuman and Witherspoon about the validity of leaky aquifer theories that disregard drawdowns in unpumped aquifers. A large-scale, long-term pumping test spanning three aquifers separated by two aquitards near Oxnard, California, has been conducted and analyzed by Neuman and Witherspoon (1972). They evaluated the vertical hydraulic diffusivities of the aquitards using the Neuman-Witherspoon ratio method and their specific storage values on the basis of laboratory consolidation tests. We reinterpret the Oxnard pumping test by coupling the five-layer analytical solution of Neuman (1968) with the parameter estimation code PEST (Doherty 2002) and validate our results against drawdowns from a subsequent pumping test at the site. Our parameter estimates compare favorably with those of Neuman and Witherspoon (1972).  相似文献   

Coupling Between the Coastal Ocean and Yaquina Bay,Oregon: Importance of Oceanic Inputs Relative to Other Nitrogen Sources     

Cheryl A. Brown  Robert J. Ozretich 《Estuaries and Coasts》2009,32(2):219-237

Understanding of the role of oceanic input in nutrient loadings is important for understanding nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in estuaries adjacent to coastal upwelling regions as well as determining the natural background conditions. We examined the nitrogen sources to Yaquina Estuary (Oregon, USA) as well as the relationships between physical forcing and gross oceanic input of nutrients and phytoplankton. The ocean is the dominant source of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphate to the lower portion of Yaquina Bay during the dry season (May through October). During this time interval, high levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (primarily in the form of nitrate) and phosphate entering the estuary lag upwelling favorable winds by 2 days. The nitrate and phosphate levels entering the bay associated with coastal upwelling are correlated with the wind stress integrated over times scales of 4–6 days. In addition, there is a significant import of chlorophyll a to the bay from the coastal ocean region, particularly during July and August. Variations in flood-tide chlorophyll a lag upwelling favorable winds by 6 days, suggesting that it takes this amount of time for phytoplankton to utilize the recently upwelled nitrogen and be transported across the shelf into the estuary. Variations in water properties determined by ocean conditions propagate approximately 11–13 km into the estuary. Comparison of nitrogen sources to Yaquina Bay shows that the ocean is the dominant source during the dry season (May to October) and the river is the dominant source during the wet season with watershed nitrogen inputs primarily associated with nitrogen fixation on forest lands.  相似文献   

"From models to performance assessment: the conceptualization problem," by John D. Bredehoft, September-October 2003 issue, v. 41, no. 5: 571-577     

Neuman SP 《Ground water》2004,42(5):785-6; author reply 786-7

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Concubines and Power. Five Hundred Years in a Northern Nigerian Palace – Heidi J. Nast     

Cheryl McEwan 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2006,27(2):228-229

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Reply to comments by G. Gambolati and G. Galeati     

Shlomo P. Neuman  Javier Samper  Mariano Hernandez 《Mathematical Geology》1987,19(3):259-266

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An iterative algorithm for interactive multiobjective programming     

Shlomo P. Neuman  Roman Krzysztofowicz 《Advances in water resources》1977,1(1):1-14

A new iterative algorithm for interactive multiobjective programming is proposed. The algorithm is based on the Lagrange multiplier technique of generating noninferior solutions, and it is shown to converge under certain conditions. It reduces a complex multiobjective problem into a sequence of two-objective problems which the decision maker can handle more easily. The number of two-objective problems with which the decision maker is confronted, as well as the total number of noninferior solutions that must be generated, increase more or less linearly with the number of objectives. Computational efficiency is further enhanced by avoiding the need for regression. The decision maker interacts with the model directly in the functional space, and he is not required to translate his judgment of relative worth into numbers. Due to the iterative nature of the algorithm, the decision maker can articulate his preferences in a progressive manner. Furthermore, he may modify his attitude at any stage of the computation, based on partial results, without adversely affecting the quality of the solution. An example problem previously solved by other methods, including the surrogate worth trade-off approach, is used to illustrate the new algorithm.  相似文献   

Grainfall processes in the lee of transverse dunes, Silver Peak, Nevada   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

W. G. Nickling  C. Mckenna Neuman†  & N. Lancaster‡ 《Sedimentology》2002,49(1):191-209

Grainfall deposition and associated grainflows in the lee of aeolian dunes are important in that they are preserved as cross‐beds in the geological record and provide a key to the interpretation of the aeolian rock record. Despite their recognized importance, there have been very few field, laboratory or numerical simulation studies of leeside depositional processes on aeolian dunes. As part of an ongoing study, the relationships among grainfall, wind (speed and direction), stoss sand transport rates and dune morphometry (height and aspect ratio) were investigated on four relatively small, straight‐crested transverse dunes at Silver Peak, Nevada. Between 55% and 95% of the total grainfall was found to be deposited within 1 m of the crest, and 84–99% within 2 m, depending primarily on dune size and shape. Grainfall decay rates on high dunes of large aspect ratio were observed to be very consistent, with a weak positive dependence on wind speed. For small dunes with low aspect ratios, grainfall deposition was more varied and decreased rapidly within 1 m of the dune crest, whereas at increased distance from the dune crest, it eventually approached the smaller decay rates observed on the large dunes. No dependence of grainfall on wind speed was observed for these small dunes. Comparison of field data with predictions from 1 ) saltation model of grainfall, based on the computation of saltation path lengths, indicates lack of agreement in the following areas: (1) deposition rate magnitude; (2) variation in decay rate with wind speed; and (3) the magnitude and location of the localized lee‐slope depositional maxima. The Silver Peak field results demonstrate the importance of dune aspect ratio and related wake effects in determining the rate and pattern of grainfall. This work confirms earlier speculation by 7 ) that temporary, turbulent suspension (or `modified saltation') of relatively large grains does occur within the dune wake, so that transport distances generally are larger than predicted by numerical simulations of `true' saltation.  相似文献   

Wind tunnel measurement of boundary-layer response to sediment transport   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Cheryl McKenna Neuman  Marianne Maljaars 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1997,84(1):67-83

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