获取GPS斜路径方向水汽含量算法     

张京江  仲跻芹  楚艳丽 《气象科技》2015,43(5):799-804

获取高精度的GPS信号斜路径方向的水汽含量（SWV）数据,是获得测站周围水汽三维空间分布信息（水汽层析）的基础。目前计算SWV的方法有多种,但都不同程度地存在解算实时性差、解算精度不高、转换方程复杂不利于系统维护等缺点。本文计算SWV方法综合Bernese 5.0软件的双差处理流程和非差处理流程,分别获得相关站点的湿延迟梯度值和非差残差值,能近实时、高精度地反演SWV。使用该方法重新处理2007年微波辐射计和GPS对比观测试验数据,均方根误差小于4 mm。证明应用该方法,地基GPS可较精确地反演三维水汽信息。  相似文献   

Cryptic diversity and phylogeography of the island‐associated barnacle Chthamalus moro in Asia          下载免费PDF全文

Tsz Huen Wu  Ling Ming Tsang  Benny K. K. Chan  Ka Hou Chu 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):368-378

Pleistocene glaciations were among the important historic events that shaped the population structures of marine organisms. Genetic studies of different marine fauna and flora have demonstrated the effect of Pleistocene glaciations on taxa that reside in marginal seas. However, how marine island species responded to Pleistocene glaciations remains relatively unstudied, especially in Asia. Genetic analyses based on the island‐associated barnacle Chthamalus moro collected from 14 sites in Asia reveal that C. moro comprises three distinct lineages, with COI divergence ranging from 3.9 to 8.3%. Population genetic analyses on respective lineages reveal signs of demographic expansion within the Pleistocene epoch at different times. The Ogasawara lineage, which has a more oceanic distribution, expanded the earliest, followed by the population expansion of the Ryukyu and Southern lineages that inhabit islands closer to the continent. The data suggest that the inhabitants of outer islands may have been less affected by Pleistocene glaciations than those that reside closer to the continent, as the former were able to maintain a large, stable, effective population size throughout the late Pleistocene.  相似文献   

基于数据产品的风廓线雷达故障识别   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李昭春  周红根  朱毅  周良  丁仁惠  储俊 《气象科技》2019,47(5):757-767

风廓线雷达是一种以大气湍流为主要探测对象的晴空测风设备,近年来普遍使用。其资料的应用广泛,对数据产品的可用性要求越来越高。本文以1456D/F型两种布网风廓线雷达为研究对象,收集了22个产品异常个例,并对其进行了分类,分析了数据产品产生异常的原因;基于数据产品异常,总结出识别与分析风廓线雷达故障的经验方法及排查流程。有利于提高省级、台站业务人员识别风廓线雷达异常数据产品的能力,有效保障数据的正常采集与上传,从而为预报服务提供更准确的探测数据。  相似文献   

铜同位素示踪覆盖区地表土壤的异常来源初探:以福建罗卜岭隐伏铜钼矿床为例     

江瑶  刘雪敏  李建亭  韩志轩  王燕燕 《现代地质》2022,36(2):624-633

地表微细粒土壤地球化学测量是国内研究较多的深穿透地球化学方法之一,判断地表异常与深部隐伏矿体的关系是未来该方法广泛应用的理论基础。以已知的隐伏矿床——紫金山罗卜岭铜钼矿床为研究对象,利用铜同位素示踪覆盖区地表土壤的异常来源。结果显示:(1)矿石单矿物的δ⁶⁵Cu变化范围较小(-0.04‰~0.56‰),指示较高的成矿温度(250~300 ℃);钻孔由深至浅,矿石的δ⁶⁵Cu值具有明显升高的趋势,符合斑岩型成矿系统早期至晚期铜同位素的变化特征,流体分馏是造成不同阶段形成的矿石铜同位素存在差异的主要原因。(2)背景区地表土壤铜含量的平均值(59.4 μg/g)显著低于异常区(131.0 μg/g)。背景区土壤δ⁶⁵Cu变化范围为-1.94‰~-0.82‰,平均值为-1.38‰;异常区土壤δ⁶⁵Cu变化范围为-5.01‰~1.05‰,平均值为-1.40‰,背景区和异常区铜同位素组成相差不大。(3)本次利用铜同位素组成判别地表介质铜异常来源的效果不理想,可能因为矿石本身的铜同位素组成存在差异,地表土壤本身的铜同位素信息覆盖了来自深部与隐伏铜矿体有关的信息,或从深部原生环境迁移至地表氧化环境的过程中,因氧化还原反应发生了铜同位素的分馏。  相似文献   

基于VMD和LSTM方法的北京市PM2.5短期预测     

秦喜文  王强进  王新民  郭佳静  初晓 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(1):214-221

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A Comprehensive Method for Precise Determination of Re,Os, Ir,Ru, Pt,Pd Concentrations and Os Isotopic Compositions in Geological Samples   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

Zhuyin Chu  Yan Yan  Zhi Chen  Jinghui Guo  Yueheng Yang  Chaofeng Li  Yanbin Zhang 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2015,39(2):151-169

A comprehensive method for the precise determination of Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd concentrations as well as Os isotopic compositions in geological samples is presented. Samples were digested by the Carius tube method, and the Os was extracted by conventional CCl₄ method. The Re, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd were first subgroup separated from the matrix elements into Re‐Ru, Ir‐Pt and Pd by a 2‐ml anion exchange column. Subsequently, the Re‐Ru was further purified by a secondary 0.25 ml anion exchange column or by microdistillation of Ru using CrO₃‐H₂SO₄ as an oxidant followed by a secondary 0.25 ml anion exchange separation of Re. The Pd and Ir‐Pt were further successively purified by an Eichrom‐LN column to completely remove Zr and Hf, respectively. Rhenium, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd were individually measured by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS), except for Ru after microdistillation purification was analysed by negative‐thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (N‐TIMS). The analytical results for peridotite reference material WPR‐1 agree well with the previously published data. Finally, several mafic rock reference materials including TDB‐1, WGB‐1, BHVO‐2, BCR‐2, BIR‐1a and DNC‐1a were analysed for Re‐Os isotopes and platinum‐group element concentrations to test their suitability for certification.  相似文献   

国外城市地质工作进展与趋势及其对我国的启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕敦玉  余楚  侯宏冰  刘长礼  张云 《现代地质》2015,(2):466-473

城市化是世界各国发展的共同趋势,是人类文明和进步的标志。我国城市化的趋势与世界总趋势一致,因此弄清国外城市地质工作进展与趋势对我国城市地质工作的开展具有重要意义。首先对城市地质的定义、内涵、任务、工作内容进行了总结与阐述,接着对国外发达国家近百年来开展的主要城市地质工作内容、思路、技术方法进行梳理和总结。在此基础上,从城市地质的理论研究、工作重点、技术方法、信息系统、工作深度、机制建设等方面,分析未来城市地质工作的发展趋势。最后,结合我国地质工作现状和发展历程,对我国未来城市地质工作的重点、内容、研究层次进行了探讨,以期为我国正处于加速发展阶段的城市化进程提供有效建议和支持。  相似文献   

Long‐term variability in the water budget and its controls in an oak‐dominated temperate forest          下载免费PDF全文

Jing Xie  Ge Sun  Hou‐Sen Chu  Junguo Liu  Steven G. McNulty  Asko Noormets  Ranjeet John  Zutao Ouyang  Tianshan Zha  Haitao Li  Wenbin Guan  Jiquan Chen 《水文研究》2014,28(25):6054-6066

Water availability is one of the key environmental factors that control ecosystem functions in temperate forests. Changing climate is likely to alter the ecohydrology and other ecosystem processes, which affect forest structures and functions. We constructed a multi‐year water budget (2004–2010) and quantified environmental controls on an evapotranspiration (ET) in a 70‐year‐old mixed‐oak woodland forest in northwest Ohio, USA. ET was measured using the eddy‐covariance technique along with precipitation (P), soil volumetric water content (VWC), and shallow groundwater table fluctuation. Three biophysical models were constructed and validated to calculate potential ET (PET) for developing predictive monthly ET models. We found that the annual variability in ET was relatively stable and ranged from 578 mm in 2009 to 670 mm in 2010. In contrast, ET/P was more variable and ranged from 0.60 in 2006 to 0.96 in 2010. Mean annual ET/PET_FAO was 0.64, whereas the mean annual PET_FAO/P was 1.15. Annual ET/PET_FAO was relatively stable and ranged from 0.60 in 2005 to 0.72 in 2004. Soil water storage and shallow groundwater recharge during the non‐growing season were essential in supplying ET during the growing season when ET exceeded P. Spring leaf area index (LAI), summer photosynthetically active radiation, and autumn and winter air temperatures (T_a) were the most significant controls of monthly ET. Moreover, LAI regulated ET during the whole growing season and higher temperatures increased ET even during dry periods. Our empirical modelling showed that the interaction of LAI and PET explained >90% of the variability in measured ET. Altogether, we found that increases in T_a and shifts in P distribution are likely to impact forest hydrology by altering shallow groundwater fluctuations, soil water storage, and ET and, consequently, alter the ecosystem functions of temperate forests. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal dynamics of bacterial contamination in South France coastal rivers: focus on in‐stream processes during low flows and floods          下载免费PDF全文

Y. Chu  M. G. Tournoud  C. Salles  P. Got  J. L. Perrin  C. Rodier  A. Caro  M. Troussellier 《水文研究》2014,28(8):3300-3313

Faecal indicator bacteria (thermotolerant coliform and faecal streptococci) were enumerated in a Mediterranean coastal river to evaluate bacterial contamination levels in relation to hydrological conditions, to estimate delivery of bacterial loads to transitional and coastal waters (Thau lagoon) and to identify bacterial sources of pollution and their contribution to the bacterial flow. Results showed that (1) in low flow conditions, mean bacterial concentrations were higher than EU guidelines for bathing waters; (2) floods had higher concentrations of indicator bacteria than low flows; (3) low flow conditions represented a negligible proportion of bacterial loads compared with high flow and flood periods; (4) during medium and low flow conditions, bacteria were stored in riverbed fine sediments forming in‐stream stores that may be flushed during floods; (5) the first flush effect was highlighted during an early autumn flood as was the role of in‐stream stores during the course of the flood; and (6) point sources that continuously feed the river are contributing to the pool of bacteria accumulated in the riverbed sediment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Stormwater quantity and quality response to climate change using artificial neural networks     

Jianxun He  Caterina Valeo  Angus Chu  Norman F. Neumann 《水文研究》2011,25(8):1298-1312

This research investigates the potential impacts of climate change on stormwater quantity and quality generated by urban residential areas on an event basis in the rainy season. An urban residential stormwater drainage area in southeast Calgary, Alberta, Canada is the focus of future climate projections from general circulation models (GCMs). A regression‐based statistical downscaling tool was employed to conduct spatial downscaling of daily precipitation and daily mean temperature using projection outputs from the coupled GCM. Projected changes in precipitation and temperature were applied to current climate scenarios to generate future climate scenarios. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) developed for modelling stormwater runoff quantity and quality used projected climate scenarios as network inputs. The hydrological response to climate change was investigated through stormwater runoff volume and peak flow, while the water quality responses were investigated through the event mean value (EMV) of five parameters: turbidity, conductivity, water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH. First flush (FF) effects were also noted. Under future climate scenarios, the EMVs of turbidity increased in all storms except for three events of short duration. The EMVs of conductivity were found to decline in small and frequent storms (return period < 5 years); but conductivity EMVs were observed to increase in intensive events (return period ≥ 5 years). In general, an increasing EMV was observed for water temperature, whereas a decreasing trend was found for DO EMV. No clear trend was found in the EMV of pH. In addition, projected future climate scenarios do not produce a stronger FF effect on dissolved solids and suspended solids compared to that produced by the current climate scenario. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献