全文获取类型
收费全文 | 42092篇 |
免费 | 21013篇 |
国内免费 | 43195篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 3826篇 |
大气科学 | 22116篇 |
地球物理 | 14173篇 |
地质学 | 39348篇 |
海洋学 | 16909篇 |
天文学 | 1202篇 |
综合类 | 5320篇 |
自然地理 | 3406篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 175篇 |
2023年 | 517篇 |
2022年 | 1221篇 |
2021年 | 1530篇 |
2020年 | 2539篇 |
2019年 | 5836篇 |
2018年 | 6152篇 |
2017年 | 5796篇 |
2016年 | 5926篇 |
2015年 | 5293篇 |
2014年 | 4773篇 |
2013年 | 5357篇 |
2012年 | 5082篇 |
2011年 | 4851篇 |
2010年 | 4781篇 |
2009年 | 4051篇 |
2008年 | 3298篇 |
2007年 | 3280篇 |
2006年 | 2872篇 |
2005年 | 2700篇 |
2004年 | 2965篇 |
2003年 | 2716篇 |
2002年 | 2549篇 |
2001年 | 2265篇 |
2000年 | 1884篇 |
1999年 | 1961篇 |
1998年 | 1932篇 |
1997年 | 1948篇 |
1996年 | 1527篇 |
1995年 | 1470篇 |
1994年 | 1326篇 |
1993年 | 1271篇 |
1992年 | 1081篇 |
1991年 | 798篇 |
1990年 | 759篇 |
1989年 | 637篇 |
1988年 | 527篇 |
1987年 | 421篇 |
1986年 | 353篇 |
1985年 | 279篇 |
1984年 | 293篇 |
1983年 | 173篇 |
1982年 | 210篇 |
1981年 | 150篇 |
1980年 | 113篇 |
1979年 | 113篇 |
1978年 | 50篇 |
1977年 | 43篇 |
1971年 | 53篇 |
1970年 | 44篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
121.
After the survey of pollution sources, a study on surface water quality assessment and forecast is given by means of grey
system method, fuzzy mathematical method and multiple-index method. Based on it, aquatic environment quality features, treatment
measures and environmental strategies of the area are proposed. The quality of aquatic environment of 5 rivers in the Tumen
River area is studied. The results show that the pollution of surface water is serious; water quality of most rivers is between
grade IV and V except the Hunchun River, being higher than grade IV standard; pollution levels of most rivers have been basically
controlled except the of Burhatong River, which is deteriorating gradually. Pollutants of the rivers are comparatively regular,
mainly are SS, COD, BOD, AR-OH, NH3-N. The main pollution trades are chemical fibre industry, pulp and paper making industry and mining industry. If the growth
rate of gross industrial product is higher than 25 percent under the encouraging-model of regional exploitation, the pollutants’
load will overtake the bearing capacity of aquatic environment. Thus some protection program against pollution must be worked
out in order to achieve the harmonious development of economy society and environment.
A project from “Studies on Earlier Stage of Regional Development” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 相似文献
122.
Based on the δ13C and δ18O fluctuation of lacustrine carbonate, CaCO3 content and sporo-pollen data, a palaeoclimatic history of Bosten Lake during the Holocene has been outlined, several stages
of climatic changes are divided, and the following result es are obtained: (1) Palaeoclimatic changes revealed by carbonate
isotope around Bosten Lake are basically identical with that revealed by other geological records in Xinjiang. Environmental
changes presented apparent Westlies Style model: during cold period, relative humidity increased, δ18O, δ13C and CaCO3 appeared low; but in warm periods, the dry regime aggravated. (2) The temperature reflected by δ18O exist evident features being increase in the late period during the Holocene. Together with the δ13C, pollen and CaCO3 analyses, several cold and warm phases which are of broad regional significance can be identified. The warm peaks occurred
at about 11.0 ka B.P., 9.4 ka B.P., 7.5 ka B.P., 5.0 ka B.P., 3.0 ka B.P. and 2.0 ka B.P.; the cold peaks at 11.5 ka B.P.,
10.5 ka B.P., 8.8 ka B.P., 5.5 ka B.P., 3.3 ka B.P., 2.2 ka B.P. and 1.5 ka B.P.. (3) Several climatic events with the nature
of “abrupt climatic changes” are revealed in the periods of 11.0 ka B.P. −10.5 ka B.P., 9.4 ka B.P. −8.8 ka B.P., 5.5 ka B.P.
−5.0 ka B.P. and 2.0 ka B.P. −1.5 ka B.P.. (4) The results show that carbonate isotopic record of lacustrine sediment in arid
area is very sensitive to climatic changes, and may be play a very important role in understanding the features and mechanism
of palaeoclimatic changes. 相似文献
123.
124.
概略地叙述了西宁地区的泥石流形成条件和形成机理,并将西宁地区泥石流划分为稀性泥石流类及泥石质泥石流种类。在此基础上提出防治泥石流灾害的意见。 相似文献
125.
本文在已有数据处理方法的基础上,利用近代数值逼近理论,给出了从时空域角度描述地壳垂直运动过程的一种具体的函数解析形式。最后给出了一个实际算例。 相似文献
126.
Yunfei Bao Shengbo Chen 《东北亚地学研究》2006,9(1):100-108
IntroductionThe radiance leaving the earth-atmosphere sys-tem which can be sensed by a satellite borne ra-diometer is the sum of radiation emission fromtheearth surface and each atmospheric level that aretransmittedtothe top of the atmosphere.The radia-tion emissionfromthe earthsurface andthe radianceof each atmospheric level can be separated fromtheradiance at the top the atmospheric level a satellitemeasured.Thus,the earth surface parameters willbe retrieved from the surface radiance after a… 相似文献
127.
128.
Polypeptide fromChlamys farreri (PCF), a topical polypeptide isolated fromChlamys farreri, was used in this experiment aimed to investigate the photoprotective effect of PCF against chronic skin damage induced by
ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. The chronic ultraviolet-irradiated guinea pig model was established,
and visible changes in the skin including wrinkling, sagging and erythema were observed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant
enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in the dorsal skin were determined using
biochemical methods. The results showed: (1) PCF (5 % and 20%) could greatly protect the dorsal skin of guinea pig against
wrinkling, sagging and erythema induced by UV radiation in a concentration-dependent manner. (2) PCF could reduce MDA formation
in the dorsal skin caused by UV irradiation, while increasing the activities of SOD and GSH-px. (3) The differences among
the PCF groups and UV model group were significant (P<0.05,P<0.01). These results indicated that topical application, of PCF provided broad solar UV spectrum photoprotection; and that
the antioxidant property of PCF might play a role in photoprotection.
Project No. 39970638 supported by the NSFC, and the Science and Technology Bureau of Qingdao (No. 2001-28-50). 相似文献
129.
MENGLi-li 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(2):190-192
The exploitation and utilization of the tour resources of tournament athletics, including skiling, boat sail-ing, archery, ice engraving, snow engraving, has become a new trend of the development of Chinese tourism. Due tothe unique cold climate and superior geographic location, Harbin is a promising city for developing tour resources of tourna-ment athletics. Based on the analysis of the superiority and peculiarity of Harbin, the speculation on development of tour resources of tournament athletics in Harbin is proposed as follows : 1 ) Harbin should develop its special tour resources of tournament athletics associated with needs of market; 2) Harbin should take the advantages of rich resources and devel-op ice and snow entertainment in winter and travel for sight-seeing and spending summer;, 3) the adjustment of the layoutof ice and snow resources should be based on the idea of taking Harbin as the center and all-side opening at the largescale in the way of radiation; 4) tourism should be developed by the combined efforts of various departments to make feasi-ble plan, and the organizers should pay much attention to ensuring the safetv of tourists. 相似文献
130.
Wei-Hao Bian Quan-Ling Cui Li-Hua Chao Department of Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Nanjing Normal University Nanjing Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2006,6(3):281-286
We used multi-component profiles to model the Hβ and [OⅢ]λλ4959,5007 lines of SDSS J143030.22-001115.1, a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy (NLS1) in a sample of 150 NLS1 candidates selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), Early Data Release (EDR). After subtracting the Hβ contribution from narrow line regions (NLRs), we found that its full width half maximum (FWHM) of broad Hβ line is nearly 2900km s~(-1) , significantly larger than the customarily adopted criterion of 2000 km s~(-1) . With its weak Fe Ⅱ multiples, we believe that SDSS J143030.22-001115.1 should not be classified as a genuine NLS1. When we calculate the virial black hole masses of NLS1s, we should use the Hβ linewidth after subtracting the NLR component. 相似文献