当前国内酸雨研究进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

邓伟  刘荣花  熊杰伟  陈海波  田宏伟  杜子璇 《河南气象》2009,(1):82-87

回顾了我国在酸雨研究方面所获得的成果,包括酸雨的时空分布特征、影响因素、生态影响模拟以及控制对策等4个方面的内容。大量的研究表明,近些年来酸雨污染的范围有所增加、程度有所加重。酸雨的形成是多种自然和人为因素共同作用的结果,与特定的气象条件、天气类型和大气环流等有密切的关系。针对酸雨污染有所加重的趋势,必须采取有效的控制对策。  相似文献   

陕西气象科技服务在公共气象服务中科学发展的战略思考          下载免费PDF全文

米天明 《陕西气象》2009,(2):1-4

对流有效位能（CAPE）是强对流天气分析预报的重要参数。通过理论推导,提出了载水气块和非载水气块两种情况下对流有效位能的两个新的计算公式,便于业务应用;并讨论了对流有效位能的局地变化因子和预报思路。  相似文献   

T639数据格式及其读取方法     

袁国波  韩子亮  赵红霞 《陕西气象》2009,(4):8-10

本文对2008年12月19日-21日朔州市强寒潮天气过程的高、低空环流形势、单站气象要素变化进行了分析,结果表明：500 hPa横槽转竖、中西伯利亚地面冷高压维持加强后南压爆发、850 hPa冷平流是产生强降温的主要原因.  相似文献   

EXCEL和VBA在防雷检测信息处理中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

殷波  姚东升  雒新萍 《陕西气象》2009,(Z1):39-40

近年来,各地防雷事业都有长足进展,信息处理一直是一个薄弱环节.为不断提高防雷检测管理水平开发此系统.  相似文献   

河南省紫外线辐射分布规律及影响因素研究     

田宏伟  师丽魁  邓伟  陈海波  杜子璇  申占营   《气象与环境科学》2009,32(4):25-28

利用2005年以来的河南省18个地市级气象台站的紫外线辐射监测数据,分析了河南省紫外线辐射的时空分布特征,并定量分析了云量、能见度及相对湿度等因素对紫外线辐射的影响.结果表明:河南省紫外线辐射年平均值总体表现为中部和南部较高;冬季西北地区紫外线辐射较高,夏季在西部、豫东南到豫北西部有两个高值带;季紫外线辐射均值表现为春夏季高、秋冬季低的特点.紫外线辐射强度与总云量、低云量及相对湿度呈显著负相关,而与能见度呈显著正相关.  相似文献   

Characterization of atmospheric surfactants in the bulk precipitation by electrochemical tools     

Palma Orlović-Leko  Zlatica Kozarac  Božena Ćosović  Slađana Strmečki  Marta Plavšić 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2010,66(1-2):11-26

Characterization of atmospheric surfactants in bulk precipitations was carried out by adsorption study at the mercury electrode/solution interface using phase sensitive AC voltammetry. The structure and permeability of the adsorbed organic films at the mercury electrode was tested using the redox processes of lead and cadmium ions as electrochemical tools. The effects of organic matter from the bulk precipitations (rainwater and melted snow) were compared to those obtained for aqueous solutions of model substances: aromatic hydrocarbon (naphtalene), anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, NDBS), protein (albumine) and selected model substances suggested to be representative of water soluble organic compounds (WSOC) in atmospheric water (monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, and polyacidic compounds and levoglucosan). It was found that substances like humic acid and 3-hydroxybutanoic acid may play an important role in atmospheric heterogeneous chemistry because of their surface active potential.  相似文献   

The characteristics of ultraviolet radiation in arid and semi-arid regions of China     

Bo Hu  Yue Si Wang  Guang Ren Liu 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2010,67(2-3):141-155

Measurements of the broadband global solar radiation (R _S) and total ultraviolet radiation (the sum of UV-A and UV-B) were conducted from 2005 to 2010 at 9 sites in arid and semi-arid regions of China. These data were used to determine the temporal variability of UV and UV/R _S and their dependence on the water vapor content and clearness index. The dependence of UV/R _S on aerosol optical depth (AOD) and water vapor content was also investigated. In addition, a simple and efficient empirically model suited for all-weather conditions was developed to estimate UV from R _s. The annual average daily UV level in arid and semi-arid areas is 0.61 and 0.59 MJ m^?2 d^?1, respectively. The highest value (0.66?±?0.25 MJ m^?2 d^?1) was recorded at an arid area at Linze. The lowest value (0.53?±?0.22 MJ m^?2 d^?1) was recorded at a semi-arid area at Ansai. The highest daily value of UV radiation was measured in May, whereas the lowest value was measured in December. The monthly variation of the UV/R _s ratio ranged from 0.41 in Aksu to 0.35 in Qira. The monthly mean value of UV/R _s gradually increased from November and then decreased in August. A small decreasing trend of UV/R _s was observed in the arid and semi-arid regions due to recently increasing amounts of fine aerosol. A simple and efficient empirically model suit for all-weather condition was developed to estimate UV from R _s. The slope a and intercept b of the regression line between the estimated and measured values were close to 1 and zero, respectively. The relative error between the estimated and measured values was less than 11.5%. Application of the model to data collected from different locations in this region also resulted in reasonable estimates of UV.  相似文献   

Sources of spread in simulations of Arctic sea ice loss over the twenty-first century     

Julien Boé  Alex Hall  Xin Qu 《Climatic change》2010,99(3-4):637-645

We show that intermodel variations in the anthropogenically-forced evolution of September sea ice extent (SSIE) in the Arctic stem mainly from two factors: the baseline climatological sea ice thickness (SIT) distribution, and the local climate feedback parameter. The roles of these two factors evolve over the course of the twenty-first century. The SIT distribution is the most important factor in current trends and those of coming decades, accounting for roughly half the intermodel variations in SSIE trends. Then, its role progressively decreases, so that around the middle of the twenty-first century the local climate feedback parameter becomes the dominant factor. Through this analysis, we identify the investments in improved simulation of Arctic climate necessary to reduce uncertainties both in projections of sea ice loss over the coming decades and in the ultimate fate of the ice pack.  相似文献   

Size Distributions and Elemental Compositions of Particulate Matter on Clear, Hazy and Foggy days in Beijing, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

YANG Yongjie  WANG Yuesi  HUANG Weiwei  HU Bo  WEN Tianxue  ZHAO Yanan 《大气科学进展》2010,27(3):663-675

Total suspended particulates(TSP)samples were collected using low pressure impactors(Andersen Series 20-800,USA)on typical clear,hazy and foggy days in Beijing in order to investigate the characteristics of size distributions and elemental compositions of particulate matter(PM)in different weather conditions. The concentrations of sixteen elements,including Na,Mg,Al,K,Ca,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Cd,Ba,Tl and Pb were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The results showed that Ca,Al,Fe,Mg and Ba on foggy days were 2.0-2.6 times higher than on clear days,and 2.3-2.9 times higher than on hazy days.Concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Se and Pb on foggy days were 163.5,1186.7,65.9,32.0 and 708.2 ng m-3,respectively,in fine particles,and 68.1,289.5,19.8,1.6 and 103.8 ng m-3,respectively,in coarse particles.This was 1.0-8.4 times higher and 1.4-7.4 times higher than on clear and hazy days,respectively.It is then shown that Mg,Al,Fe,Ca and Ba were mainly associated with coarse particles,peaking at 4.7-5.8μm;that Cd,Se,Zn,As,Tl and Pb were most dominant in fine particles,peaking at 0.43-1.1μm;and that Na,K,Ni,Cu and Mn had a multi-mode distribution,with peaks at 0.43-1.1μm and 4.7-5.8μm.The enrichment factors indicated that coal combustion along with vehicle and industry emissions may be the main sources of pollution elements.  相似文献   

A Study on Water Vapor Transport and Budget of Heavy Rain in Northeast China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SUN Li  SHEN Baizhu  SUI Bo 《大气科学进展》2010,27(6):1399-1414

The characteristics of moisture transport and budget of widespread heavy rain and local heavy rain events in Northeast China are studied using the NCEP--NCAR reanalysis 6-hourly and daily data and daily precipitation data of 200 stations in Northeast China from 1961--2005. The results demonstrate that during periods with widespread heavy rain in Northeast China, the Asian monsoon is very active and the monsoonal northward moisture transport is strengthened significantly. The widespread heavy rainfall obtains enhanced water vapor supply from large regions where the water vapor mainly originates from the Asian monsoon areas, which include the East Asian subtropical monsoon area, the South China Sea, and the southeast and southwest tropical monsoon regions. There are several branches of monsoonal moisture current converging on East China and its coastal areas, where they are strengthened and then continue northward into Northeast China. Thus, the enhanced northward monsoonal moisture transport is the key to the widespread heavy rain in Northeast China. In contrast, local heavy rainfall in Northeast China derives water vapor from limited areas, transported by the westerlies. Local evaporation also plays an important role in the water vapor supply and local recycling process of moisture. In short, the widespread heavy rains of Northeast China are mainly caused by water vapor advection brought by the Asian monsoon, whereas local heavy rainfall is mainly caused by the convergence of the westerly wind field.  相似文献