Zircon U-Pb Ages of Quaternary Loess-Paleosol Sequences from the Luochuan Section: Implication for Sediment Provenance     

GONG Hujun  XIE Wenbin  WANG Jiading  ZHANG Rui  ZHANG Yunxiang  YANG Lirong 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(1):357-358

<正>Objective The sediment provenances of the thick Quaternary Loess-Paleosol sequences of the Chinese Loess Plateau can provide clues to the evolution of the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment in East Asia.Furthermore,based on the proposed sediment sources and transport routes,the evolution of the East Asian monsoon can be evaluated.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of I-type granites from Yuqikapa granite pluton of the western Kunlun orogen: Deformation-driven filter-pressing differentiation     

WEI Xiaopeng  WANG He  DONG Rui  LI Pei  Zhang Xiaoyu  QIU Zengwang  YAN Qinghe 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(Z1):98-99

<正>1 Introduction The western Kunlun orogen,located in the northwest Tibet Plateau,and is a conjunction between the Pan-Asian and the Tethys tectonic domains.From north to south,the Western Kunlun orogen includes four  相似文献   

A novel model to assess soil productivity in the dry-hot valleys of China     

Xing-wu Duan  Xu Han  Jin-ming Hu  De-tai Feng  Li Rong 《山地科学学报》2017,14(4):705-715

Accurate evaluation of soil productivity has been a long-standing challenge. Although numerous models for productivity assessment exist, most are cumbersome to use and require substantial parameter inputs. We developed a new empirical soil productivity model based on field investigations of soil erosion, soil physicochemical properties, and crop yields in the dry-hot valleys (DHVs) in China. We found that soil pH, and organic matter and available potassium contents significantly affected crop yields under eroded conditions of the DHVs. Moreover, available potassium content was the key factor affecting soil productivity. We then modified an existing soil productivity model by adding the following parameters: contents of effective water, potassium, organic matter, and clay, soil pH, and root weighting factor. The modified soil productivity model explained 63.5% of the crop yield. We concluded that the new model was simple, realistic, and exhibited strong predictability. In addition to providing an accurate assessment of soil productivity, our model could potentially be applied as a soil module in comprehensive crop models.  相似文献   

Tracing environmental lead sources on the Ao mountain of China using lead isotopic composition and biomonitoring     

Zhong-xiang Xiang  Hai-jian Bing  Yan-hong Wu  Jun Zhou  Rui Li  Xiao-li He 《山地科学学报》2017,14(7):1358-1372

Atmospheric lead(Pb) and other trace metals can transport over long distance and deposit on remote alpine ecosystems. In this work, the soil profiles, litter and dominant mosses along a large altitude were collected on Ao Mountain, Central China, to obtain the spatial distributions of Pb in these materials, decipher the possible factors controlling the distribution, and quantitatively distinguish the natural versus anthropogenic sources of Pb through the Pb isotopic tracing and biomonitoring. The results show that soil Pb concentrations(mg/kg) decreased significantly with depth, and they were markedly higher in the O(42.6± 2.7) and A(36.4 ± 2.2) horizons than in the litter(7.20 ± 1.9) and mosses(28.0 ± 3.9). The Pb enrichment in the surface soils(O and A horizons),litter and mosses existed in the relatively high altitudes, which was attributed to the influences from atmospheric wet deposition, plants, soil physicochemical properties and human activity. ThePb isotopic ratios identified the Pb sources as originating mainly from Chinese coal combustion,mining and smelting. Atmospheric Pb from southeastern, southwestern and northwestern regions could be deposited in the alpine ecosystem by long distance atmospheric transport. The anthropogenic Pb reached over 50% in the O and A horizons, and over 70% in the litter and mosses, which corresponded to the concentrations of 26.9, 17.7, 5.92 and 21.2 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicate that the mutual effects of climate and regional human activity could increase the Pb accumulation in remote alpine ecosystems.  相似文献   

Formation and evolution of Emeishan basalt saprolite in vadose zones of Touzhai landslide source rockmass     

Ji-qing Yang  Ze-min Xu  Rui Zhang  Ji-pu Chen  Zhe Ren  Rong-zhang Luo  Xiu-shuo Zhang 《山地科学学报》2017,14(6):1174-1184

In order to explain the formation process of slope hazards, and to identify the key factors leading to instability of a slope, Emeishan basalt saprolite in vadose zones of the Touzhai landslide in Zhaotong, Yunnan, was studied. The formation and evolution of Emeishan basalt saprolite was examined using, amongst other techniques, field investigations, thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, chemical analysis, physical and water-physical property tests of rock masses. Field observations revealed that the majority of the weathered rock blocks were presented as a concentric layer structure in which an internal corestone was enveloped with several layers of external saprolized crust. Chemical and mineralogical analysis identified that iron was the most sensitive element and that the weathering progress usually started with the oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ in rock blocks. Alkaline elements such as Si, Ca, Mg, Na and K were also dissolved and Fe and Al were concentrated in saprolized crusts. Results indicated that loss on ignition (LOI) also increased significantly. SEM results showed that the weathering intensity of the basalt blocks decreased gradually from the outside to the inside, and the mineral morphology significantly differed on both sides of the weathering front. The saprolized crusts presented cellular microstructure features due to the generation of micropore and clay minerals. Thin section analysis showed that plagioclase was relatively more stable than pyroxene and chlorite during weathering. With a centripetal propagation of the weathering front, saprolized crusts became thicker and corestones became smaller; fresh Emeishan basalt blocks gradually turned into saprolized blocks. Due to the loose structure and low strength of saprolite, the quality of the Emeishan basalt mass significantly deteriorated, this being a potentially important factor which caused the Touzhai landslide to occur.  相似文献   

基于LUR的二氧化氮浓度空间分布模拟及其下垫面影响因素分析     

施媛媛  李仁东  邱娟  黄端  王海芳 《地球信息科学学报》2017,19(1):11-19

随着经济的快速发展,空气污染已经成为当今重要的环境问题,引起公众的广泛关注,二氧化氮（NO₂）作为主要的空气污染物之一,成为相关研究的重点。通过监测数据发现,二氧化氮质量浓度值的空间分布具有区域性差异,所以对其空间分布模拟,以及形成区域差异的下垫面影响因素分析,具有重要的研究价值。土地利用回归模型（Land-use Regression,LUR）是将统计方法中的回归模型与空间上的土地利用数据、监测数据和其他相关的地理数据结合分析并在地图上显示的方法。本文结合缓冲区分析、叠加分析、Spearman相关性分析、多元回归分析等方法构建土地利用回归模型（Land Use Regression,LUR）,用于识别与NO₂浓度相关的下垫面影响因素,并模拟NO₂质量浓度的空间分布。LUR模型可以模拟出NO₂质量浓度空间分布特征,并针对下垫面影响因素得到以下结论：城乡居住地及工业用地面积增加、污染源的距离减少和道路长度增加会导致NO₂浓度升高;耕地面积、绿地面积和水域面积的增加会导致NO₂浓度减少;NO₂浓度最高的区域主要集中在工业园区;NO₂浓度值从城区到郊区递减,需要通过改变工业区结构和增加绿地面积来减少城区的NO₂浓度。  相似文献   

大理、理塘和林芝气象要素的日变化特征对比分析     

符睿  段旭  刘建宇  孙绩华  王曼  陈新梅 《高原山地气象研究》2010,30(3):12-17

用大理、理塘和林芝的地面自动气象站资料,对比分析3站气温、相对湿度、本站气压、瞬时风速、地面温度的日变化特征。结果表明:大理、理塘和林芝气温最低值和相对湿度最大值的出现时间分别为7时、7时左右和8时左右,气温最高值和相对湿度最小值出现的时间均在16时左右。3站气压日变化呈“双峰双谷型,”2个高峰值时段分别出现在10时左右和凌晨0~1时,2个低谷值时段分别出现在17时左右和5时左右。风速在凌晨至7时左右较低,之后至傍晚不断增大并出现极大值,日落后逐渐减小。3站地面温度7时左右出现最低值,14时左右出现最高值。从季节变化情况看,气温和地面温度出现最高值、最低值的月份及变化幅度最大的月份基本相同。地面温度增、降幅度最大的季节分别是春季、秋季。气压随季节变化幅度较气温、相对湿度小。初春风速较大,秋季风速较小,风速对相对湿度有一定影响,大理和林芝相对湿度出现最小值的月份与风速出现最大值的月份相同。各要素值基本是大理最大,林芝次之,理塘最小,这与3站的纬度、海拔高度和下垫面性质有关。   相似文献   

Effects of Density and Viscosity in Modeling Heat as a Groundwater Tracer     

Rui Ma  Chunmiao Zheng 《Ground water》2010,48(3):380-389

Decoupled simulation of groundwater flow and heat transport assuming constant fluid density and viscosity is computationally efficient and simple. However, by neglecting the effects of variable density and viscosity, numerical solution of heat transport may be inaccurate. This study investigates the conditions under which the density and viscosity effects on heat transport modeling can be neglected without any significant loss of computational accuracy. A cross-section model of aquifer-river interactions at the Hanford 300 Area in Washington State was employed as the reference frame to quantify the role of fluid density and viscosity in heat transport modeling. This was achieved by comparing the differences in simulated temperature distributions with and without considering variable density and viscosity, respectively. The differences between the two sets of simulations were found to be minor under the complex field conditions at the Hanford 300A site. Based on the same model setup but under different prescribed temperature gradients across the simulation domain, a series of heat transport scenarios were further examined. When the maximum temperature difference across the simulation domain is within 15°C, the mean discrepancy between the simulated temperature distributions with and without considering the effects of variable density and viscosity is approximately 2.5% with a correlation coefficient of above 0.8. Meanwhile, the speedup in runtime is roughly 225% when the maximum temperature difference is at 15°C. This work provides some quantitative guidelines for when heat transport may be simulated by assuming constant density and viscosity as a reasonable compromise between accuracy and efficiency.  相似文献   

基于MODIS数据的水稻种植面积提取研究进展   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

于文颖  冯锐  纪瑞鹏  张玉书  陈鹏狮  赵先丽  武晋雯 《气象与环境学报》2011,27(2):56-61

概述了水稻种植面积监测遥感数据源的应用变化、特征指数和时相选取以及遥感分类方法的发展,分析了MODIS影像在水稻种植面积遥感提取技术方面的研究进展及发展方向。结果表明：MODIS具有高光谱、高时间分辨率、多时相等特点,在大尺度上提取水稻种植面积上,可提高作物识别和监测的精确度与工作效率,节约成本,有着其他遥感数据无法相比的优势,应用MODIS数据提取水稻种植面积,取得了较好的效果。水稻遥感的最佳时相可以选择移栽期和孕穗期,利用对水体和植被较为敏感的波段或植被指数（如NDVI、LSWI和EVI）进行水稻识别,并提取种植面积。传统的遥感图像分类方法如监督分类和非监督分类,算法成熟、操作简单,是目前应用较多的方法;近年来发展起来的分类新方法,如决策树分类法、专家系统分类法、神经网络分类法,支持向量机法等,能够更准确地提取目标地物,对图像分类有不同程度的改进,在实际应用中通常和传统分类方法结合起来使用;多时相分析法与高时间、高分辨率多光谱影像的结合可以获取较高精度的作物种植面积数据,与传统分类方法相比有较大提高。利用MODIS对单一的或大面积的水稻种植面积提取效果较好,但对于地块破碎的种植面积估算尚难达到满意的结果,添加其他的辅佐数据如高程、坡度等,并结合MODIS数据的多时相特点分类等方法,可提高遥感影像分类的精度。  相似文献   

成都地区T639数值预报产品本地化预报性能检验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李睿  张艺丹  徐文婷 《高原山地气象研究》2011,31(2):63-66

通过对T639数值预报产品中影响成都地区的关键气象要素, 从海压场、高空流场和温度场等几方面进行分析检验, 了解T639的预报性能, 找出它在本地化应用中的特征。通过分析一次重要天气过程中T639数值预报产品的数据, 同ECMWF进行各个时效的对比, 找出它与目前成熟数值预报模式之间的差距和优势, 为预报员在本地化应用中更好的发挥其预报性能做一点参考。   相似文献