Multi-sensor DInSAR applied to the spatiotemporal evolution analysis of ground surface deformation in Cerro Prieto basin,Baja California,Mexico, for the 1993–2014 period     

Olga Sarychikhina  Ewa Glowacka  Braulio Robles 《Natural Hazards》2018,92(1):225-255

The combined effects of active tectonics and anthropogenic activities, primarily geothermal resources exploitation for electricity production in Cerro Prieto geothermal field, influence the ground surface deformation in Cerro Prieto basin, Baja California, Mexico. In this study, a large set of multi-sensor C-band SAR images have been employed to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of aseismic ground surface deformation that has affected Cerro Prieto basin from 1993 to 2014. Conventional DInSAR together with the interferograms stacking procedure was applied. The results showed that the study area presented considerable surface deformation (mainly subsidence) during the entire time of the investigation. The main changes in rate and pattern of surface deformation have a good correlation in time and space with the changes in production in the Cerro Prieto geothermal field. Comparison of LOS displacement maps from different viewing geometries, and decomposition (where possible) of LOS displacement into vertical and horizontal (east–west) components, revealed considerable horizontal displacement which mostly reflects the ground movement at and beyond the margin of the subsidence basin toward the areas of highest subsidence rates. In addition, the validation of the DInSAR results by comparing them against measurements from leveling surveys was performed, confirming the high reliably of satellite interferometry for the ground surface deformation rate mapping in the study area.  相似文献   

Determination of volatile concentrations in fluorapatite of Martian shergottite NWA 2975 by combining synchrotron FTIR,Raman spectroscopy,EMPA, and TEM,and inferences on the volatile budget of the apatite host‐magma          下载免费PDF全文

Ewa Słaby  Monika Koch‐Müller  Hans‐Jürgen Förster  Richard Wirth  Dieter Rhede  Anja Schreiber  Ulrich Schade 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2016,51(2):390-406

We combined the focused ion beam sample preparation technique with polarized synchrotron‐based FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, laser‐Raman spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis to identify and quantify structurally bound OH, F, Cl, and CO₃ groups in fluorapatite from the Northwest Africa 2975 (NWA 2975) shergottite. In this study, the first FTIR spectra of the OH‐stretching region from a Martian apatite are presented that show characteristic OH‐bands of a F‐rich, hydroxyl‐bearing apatite. Depending on the method of apatite‐formula calculation and whether charge balance is assumed or not, the FTIR‐based quantification of the incorporated OH, expressed as wt% H₂O, is in variably good agreement with the H₂O concentration calculated from electron microprobe data. EMP analyses yielded between 0.35 and 0.54 wt% H₂O, and IR data yielded an average H₂O content of 0.31 ± 0.03 wt%, consistent with the lower range determined from EMP analyses. The TEM observations implied that the volatiles budget of fluorapatite is magmatic. The water content and the relative volatile ratios calculated for the NWA 2975 magma are similar to those established for other enriched or intermediate shergottites. It is difficult to define the source of enrichment: either Martian wet mantle or crustal assimilation. Comparing the environment of parental magma generation for NWA 2975 with the terrestrial mantle in terms of water content, it displays a composition intermediate between enriched and depleted MORB.  相似文献   

The circulation, water masses and sea-ice of Baffin Bay   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Charles C.L Tang  Charles K. Ross  Tom Yao  Brian Petrie  Brendan M. DeTracey  Ewa Dunlap 《Progress in Oceanography》2004,63(4):183-228

The oceanographic, meteorological and sea-ice conditions in Baffin Bay are studied using historical hydrographic, satellite and meteorological data, and a set of current meter data from a mooring program of the Bedford Institute of Oceanography. Baffin Bay is partially covered by sea-ice all year except August and September. The interannual variation of the ice extent is shown to be correlated with winter air temperature. Available hydrographic data were used to study the water masses and the horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature/salinity. Three water masses can be identified – Arctic Water in the upper 100–300 m of all regions except the southeast, West Greenland Intermediate Water at 300–800 m in most of the interior of Baffin Bay, and Deep Baffin Bay Water in all regions below 1200 m. The temperature and salinity in Baffin Bay have limited seasonal variability except in the upper 300 m of eastern Davis Strait, northern Baffin Bay and the mouth of Lancaster Sound. Summer data have a temperature minimum at 100 m, which suggests winter convection does not penetrate deeper than this depth. Current meter data and results of a circulation model indicate that the mean circulation is cyclonic. The seasonal variation of the currents is complex. Overall, summer and fall tend to have stronger currents than winter and spring at all depths. Among the different regions, the largest seasonal variation occurs at the mouth of Lancaster Sound and the Baffin Island slope. Model generated velocity fields show a basic agreement with the observed currents, and indicate strong topographic control in the vicinity of Davis Strait and on the Greenland shelves. The model also produces a southward counter current on the Greenland slope, which may explain the observed high horizontal shears over the Greenland slope. Estimates of the volume and fresh water transports through Lancaster, Jones and Smith Sounds are reviewed. Transports through Davis Strait are computed from the current meter data. The balance of freshwater budget and sensitivity of the thermohaline circulation to freshwater transport are discussed.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and stable sulfur and oxygen isotope ratios of the Podwiśniówka pit pond water generated by acid mine drainage (Holy Cross Mountains, south-central Poland)     

Zdzis&#x;aw M. Migaszewski  Agnieszka Ga&#x;uszka  Stanis&#x;aw Ha&#x;as  Sabina Do&#x;&#x;gowska  Jzef D&#x;bek  Ewa Starnawska 《Applied Geochemistry》2008,23(12):3620-3634

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Ice conditions in the szczecin lagoon and pomeranian bay during the winter of 1998/99     

Natalija Schmelzer  Marzenna Sztobryn  Ida StanisŁawczyk 《Ocean Dynamics》1999,51(1):97-104

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Pesticides from the EU First and Second Watch Lists in the Water Environment     

Damian Pietrzak  Jaros&#x;aw Kania  Grzegorz Malina  Ewa Kmiecik  Katarzyna W&#x;tor 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(7)

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The ‘Roxolany Tephra’ (Ukraine) − new evidence for an origin from Ciomadul volcano,East Carpathians          下载免费PDF全文

Sabine Wulf  Stanisław Fedorowicz  Daniel Veres  Maria Łanczont  Dávid Karátson  Ralf Gertisser  Marc Bormann  Enikö Magyari  Oona Appelt  Ulrich Hambach  Petro F. Gozhyk 《第四纪科学杂志》2016,31(6):565-576

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Background Concentrations of Nickel in the Sediments of the Carpathian Dam Reservoirs (Southern Poland)     

Ewa Szarek‐Gwiazda  Anna Czaplicka‐Kotas  Ewa Szalińska 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(4):368-375

The background nickel (Ni) concentrations in the sediments of two sub‐mountain reservoirs (Dobczyce and Czorsztyn) situated in the Carpathian Flysh (southern Poland) were evaluated. Ni concentrations (15.6–83.1 µg g^?1 dry wt.) in both reservoir sediments were affected mainly by the high background content of Ni in the surrounding watershed. Distribution of elevated Ni concentrations mostly revealed an impact of long‐range transport influenced by the flow of the main tributary. Ni spatial pattern was mainly influenced by mineral compounds of Fe, Mn, and Al, and to a lesser degree by organic matter content and silt and clay fractions of the sediments of both investigated reservoirs. Spatial distribution was additionally modified by hydrological conditions (flood events and course of the old river‐bed). In both reservoirs, substantial portions of Ni were bound to potentially immobile phases, i.e., moderately reducible and residual phases (64–82% in total). Laboratory experiments showed that changes in pH affected Ni leaching from the sediment to a small degree (at pH ～3 up to 19.9%). Our results indicated that Ni in these reservoirs has low mobility and, therefore, poses a low toxicological risk to aquatic organisms.  相似文献   

The influence of atmospheric circulation on the type of precipitation (Krak��w, southern Poland)     

Robert Twardosz  Tadeusz Nied?wied?  Ewa ?upikasza 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2011,104(1-2):233-250

The paper discusses the impact of atmospheric circulation on the occurrence of various types of precipitation. A 146-year-long precipitation record from Kraków spanning the period 1863?C2008 was used alongside a calendar prepared by Nied?wied? (1981, 2009) describing circulation types covering the period 1873?C2008 and air masses and atmospheric fronts covering the period 1951?C2008 in southern Poland. The influence of atmospheric circulation on precipitation was measured using the frequency, conditional probability and average daily totals of precipitation. Circulation types, air masses and atmospheric fronts exerted influences on precipitation as a result of the seasonal variations of the thermal and moisture properties of air masses. The impact is best expressed by circulation types as these combine the aspect of cyclonicity/anticyclonicity with that of the direction of air advection, the two elements which determine the physical properties of the air. On average, liquid precipitation prevailed in all circulation types, except the Ea type in which snowfall dominated over liquid precipitation. Depending on the season, one of the three types of circulation, Wa, Wc and Bc, were shown to coincide with the greatest amount of liquid and thunderstorm precipitation. There was no single dominant circulation type for mixed precipitation or snowfall. In summer, the circulation types Nc, NEc, Cc and Bc were the most favourable to liquid and thunderstorm precipitation in terms of both probability and totals. In winter, snowfall was the most favoured by the Ec type. Frontal precipitation was twice as likely to occur as air mass precipitation, with the exception of snowfall which was predominantly an air mass type of precipitation in terms of probability, but its greatest totals were recorded on atmospheric fronts.  相似文献   

Analysis of Vertical Turbulent Heat Flux Limit in Stable Conditions with a Local Equilibrium, Turbulence Closure Model     

Lech Łobocki 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2013,148(3):541-555

Assuming that the vertical turbulent heat flux vanishes at extremely stable conditions, one should expect its maximal absolute value to occur somewhere at moderate stability, between a neutral and extremely stable equilibrium. Consequently, in some situations duality of solutions may be encountered (e.g. two different values of temperature difference associated with the same values of heat flux and wind speed). A quantitative analysis of this feature with a local equilibrium Reynolds-stress model is presented. The fixed-wind / fixed-shear maximum has been identified both in the bulk and in single-point flux–gradient relationships (that is, in the vertical temperature gradient and wind-shear parameter domain). The value of the Richardson number corresponding to this maximum is derived from the model equations. To study the possible feedback in strongly stable conditions, weak and intense cooling scenarios have been simulated with a one-dimensional numerical, high-resolution atmospheric boundary-layer model. Despite the rapid cooling, flow decoupling at the surface has not been observed; instead, a stability-limited heat flux is maintained, with a gradual increase of the Richardson number towards the top of the turbulent layer, with some signs of oscillatory behaviour at intermediate heights. Vertical changes of wind shear and the Brunt–Väisälä frequency display a remarkably non-monotonic character, with some signs of a gradually developing instability.  相似文献