致密砂岩储层含气测井特征及定量评价     

潘保芝  蒋必辞  刘文斌  房春慧  张瑞 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(3):930-937

致密砂岩储层孔隙度低、渗透率低、非均质性强,气层所对应的测井响应特征较为复杂,气层识别和评价难度较大、多解性突出。传统上,利用常规测井曲线进行含气性评价多是定性评价,在利用智能识别法评价含气性时,也是利用分类模型进行定性评价;而利用常规测井资料定量评价含气性比较困难。本文首先以岩心、地质、试气资料和常规测井曲线为基础,利用交会图法进行致密砂岩含气特征分析,建立含气性定性评价指标;然后,利用广义回归神经网络（GRNN）预测含气量和含水量,构造含气性和含水性指示曲线,定量评价致密砂岩的含气性;最后,定性评价和定量评价综合使用,以评价致密砂岩含气性,并在苏里格地区盒₈段进行应用,取得了较好的应用效果。  相似文献   

基于孕灾环境的全球台风灾害链分类与区域特征分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王然  连芳  余瀚  史培军  王静爱 《地理研究》2016,35(5):836-850

在全球气候变化与经济一体化的背景下,台风引发的次生灾害构成灾害链,加剧人口、经济等多方面的损失。以2000-2010年案例数据为基础,依据台风所经过区域的孕灾环境特性,提出了全球台风灾害链分类体系,并统计得出类型与强度的区域特征：在西北太平洋,主要发生于山地（丘陵）区（占34.4%）,强度为3.1;在南太平洋,主要发生于岛屿区（占59.2%）,强度为2.6~3.0;在北印度洋,主要发生于河口海岸区（占35.8%）,强度为0.7~0.9;在南印度洋,主要发生于平原区（占31%）,强度为2.6;在北大西洋与东北太平洋,主要发生于平原海岸区（分别占24.7%与31.2%）,强度分别为2.0~2.3和2.3。研究结果可为台风灾害链自动识别、动态模拟与预测提供理论基础,用以支持区域防灾减灾建设与应急响应策略制定。  相似文献   

旧石器时期以来新疆文化遗址分布特征及驱动因素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

栾福明  熊黑钢  王昭国  王芳 《中国沙漠》2016,36(5):1496-1502

运用最近邻指数和耦合分析方法,研究了旧石器时期至近现代新疆432处文化遗址时空分布特征及驱动因素。结果表明：（1）新疆文化遗址属于聚集分布模式,集中分布在以12个聚集区为主的丝绸之路南道、中道、北道和塔城-阿勒泰地区4个带。中道和北道的遗址数量约占总量的80.11%。（2）新疆文化遗址可划分为旧石器-商朝、西周-秦朝、汉代-南北朝、隋唐-五代、宋元明、清朝-近现代6个时期,不同时期遗址分布重心经历了塔城-阿勒泰→丝绸之路南道和中道→丝绸之路中道和北道→丝绸之路中道的演变。（3）文化遗址的格局演化与历史时期新疆自然和人文因素等有很好的耦合关系,文化遗址的快速发展期（如西汉、隋唐）与气候的相对凉湿期、中原政权的强盛、屯垦的高潮期、丝绸之路的繁荣期相对应。（4）文化遗址空间分布主要受控于自然因素,而时间变迁更多的是受人文因素的影响。早期自然因素的影响大,而后期人文力量起主导作用,是新疆文化遗址变迁与自然和人文耦合关系的总规律。  相似文献   

Construction and progress of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem carbon,nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Guirui Yu  Wei Ren  Zhi Chen  Leiming Zhang  Qiufeng Wang  Xuefa Wen  Nianpeng He  Li Zhang  Huajun Fang  Xianjin Zhu  Yang Gao  Xiaomin Sun 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(7):803-826

Eddy Covariance technique (EC) achieves the direct measurement on ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes, and it provides scientific data for accurately assessing ecosystem functions in mitigating global climate change. This paper briefly reviewed the construction and development of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem flux observation and research network (ChinaFLUX), and systematically introduced the design principle and technology of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation system of ChinaFLUX. In addition, this paper summarized the main progress of ChinaFLUX in the ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water exchange and environmental controlling mechanisms, the spatial pattern of carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes and biogeographical mechanisms, and the regional terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget assessment. Finally, the prospects and emphases of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation of ChinaFLUX are put forward to provide theoretical references for the development of flux observation and research in China.  相似文献   

Potential promoted productivity and spatial patterns of medium- and low-yield cropland land in China   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Huimin Yan  Yongzan Ji  Jiyuan Liu  Fang Liu  Yunfeng Hu  Wenhui Kuang 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(3):259-271

With a continuously increasing population and better food consumption levels, improving the efficiency of arable land use and increasing its productivity have become fundamental strategies to meet the growing food security needs in China. A spatial distribution map of medium- and low-yield cropland is necessary to implement plans for cropland improvement. In this study, we developed a new method to identify high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data at a spatial resolution of 500 m. The method could be used to reflect the regional heterogeneity of cropland productivity because the classification standard was based on the regionalization of cropping systems in China. The results showed that the proportion of high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland in China was 21%, 39%, and 40%, respectively. About 75% of the low-yield cropland was located in hilly and mountainous areas, and about 53% of the high-yield cropland was located in plain areas. The five provinces with the largest area of high-yield cropland were all located in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and the area amounted to 42% of the national high-yield cropland area. Meanwhile, the proportion of high-yield cropland was lower than 15% in Heilongjiang, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia, which had the largest area allocated to cropland in China. If all the medium-yield cropland could be improved to the productive level of high-yield cropland and the low-yield cropland could be improved to the level of medium-yield cropland, the total productivity of the land would increase 19% and 24%, respectively.  相似文献   

中国绿洲化及其研究进展   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  

赵文智  杨荣  刘冰  杨淇越  李芳 《中国沙漠》2016,36(1):1-5

绿洲化是干旱区人与自然因素共同作用下荒漠向绿洲转变的过程。中国绿洲面积从20世纪50年代初期的20 000 km²扩展到2000年的86 000 km²,扩大了3.3倍。绿洲化过程不仅伴随着景观格局的变化,而且会引发土壤、生物、气象和水文等要素的变化。分析了近2 000 a来中国干旱区绿洲的演变过程,评述了绿洲化过程中景观变化,其对绿洲稳定性的影响及绿洲化过程中土壤要素、气象水文要素变化等诸多方面的研究进展,同时提出未来的研究中应加强绿洲化过程研究框架的建立、绿洲化过程中关键因素变化及绿洲化关键过程研究。  相似文献   

上海地区第四承压含水层沉积环境及结构特征     

吴建中  俞俊英  李晓  方志雷 《上海国土资源》2009,(1)

上海地区第四承压含水层是地下水开发利用的主要层次,对其沉积环境、成因、结构特征进行深入研究有利于更好地开展地下水资源开发利用及地质环境保护工作.本文在对上海地区大量钻孔资料深入分析的基础上,对第四承压含水层形成时期即早更新世中、晚期沉积环境及含水层的成因进行了深入剖析,对含水层结构特征进行了详细刻画,为三维地质结构的建立奠定了基础.  相似文献   

西藏羌塘扎仁中侏罗世巴通期(布曲组)岩相古地理演化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

熊兴国  吴滔  陈文彬  朱勋  岳龙  黄芳  周助成 《沉积与特提斯地质》2009,29(3):36-41

研究区中侏罗统布曲组岩性为一套碳酸盐岩,产丰富的腕足、双壳和有孔虫类化石。通过单剖面相分析、沉积相剖面对比及面上填图,基本查清了布曲组垂向上的沉积序列特征及横向上的沉积相带变化,重塑了布曲组的岩相古地理演化。  相似文献   

Relationship between the variation of water quality in rivers and the characteristics of watershed at Miyun,Beijing, China     

Xiaoyan Wang  Yang Ou  Peiqian Dou  Xiaoduo Fang 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(1):112-118

Based on the characteristics of land use and drainage network of the upper watershed of the Miyun Res-ervoir, Beijing, 26 monitoring and sampling sites were selected in different sub-catchments. Temporal and spatial variations in nutrient loss were dealt with in this paper in terms of the monitoring data on the water quality of the main tributaries flowing into the Miyun Reservoir. In combination with the monitoring data on water quality, the impacts of watershed characteristics including land-use type, landscape pattern, and drainage density were assessed, The concentrations of nutrients in the rainy season are higher than those in other seasons, and the concentrations of NO3--N are linearly related to those of total N which is the main form of nitrogen present in the fiver water. The concentrations of nitrogen become higher toward the reservoir along the main rivers. The seasonal variation of ni-trogen in the watershed affected by intensive human activities is very obvious; in the watershed with steady or low water flow, the seasonal variation of nitrogen is less obvious. Forest land and grassland can trap and filter nitrogen effectively. Land-use pattern also has important impacts on the loss of nitrogen. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water bodies show great temporal and spatial variations. On a temporal scale, the concentrations of TN and TP in the rainy reason are higher than those in other seasons. On a spatial scale, the concentrations of TN and NO3--N in the Qingshui River and Chaohe River are highest all the time. The spatial variation of TP is distinct, being obvious at sampling sites near villages. The form of nitrogen and phosphorus loss varies in different hydrological seasons. Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus are the main forms in streams in non-rainy seasons, the dissolved nitro-gen and total nitrogen decrease in percentage in the rainy season. Particulate nitrogen and phosphorus are the main forms in some rivers. The concentrations of TN and NO3--N from orchards and villages are high whereas those from forest land are lowest. Land-use pattern has impacts on TN and NO3--N losses, at the sampling sites near the source landscape, the concentrations are higher than those at the sampling sites near the sink landscape. Water quality of the rivers which flow into the Miyuan Reservior is influenced by the composition of adjacent soils.  相似文献   

电子地图集设计中相关技术问题的研究与实践   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王光霞  刘芳  刘宁  贾奋励 《测绘通报》2005,(9):47-50

电子地图集作为地图学作品的集中表现,一方面以多媒体形式取代了传统的纸质地图集成为地理信息的全新传输方式,另一方面为传统的电子读物带来了"地理"和"空间"的概念,使地理信息的表达和传输更为直接和有效.结合某地图集电子版的设计,着重讨论电子地图集自动地图分幅技术、数据库存储结构和管理技术以及自动综合与多尺度显示技术,为今后电子地图集的设计与制作在技术和方法上提供参考.  相似文献