Climate Impact Response Functions: An Introduction     

Ferenc L. Toth  Wolfgang Cramer  Eva Hizsnyik 《Climatic change》2000,46(3):225-246

The concept of climate impact response function is introduced and placed into the context of integrated assessment models to analyze policy options under climate change constraints. An example of developing such response functions is presented that entails a global model of potential natural vegetation driven by a climate change pattern derived from a general circulation model. A large array of strenuous issues are introduced that will be addressed by the set of papers included in this Special Issue.  相似文献   

Dispersive shock waves in the solar wind     

I. Ballai  E. Forgcs‐Dajka  A. Marcu 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2007,328(8):734-737

Compressional waves in the solar wind propagating over large distances are likely to steepen into shock waves where the increase in the amplitude is balanced by dissipation. Dispersive effects caused by, e.g. Hall currents perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field can influence the generation and propagation of shock waves. In the present study the dispersion is considered weak but in time its importance can grow. When the effect of dispersion is strong enough, it can balance the nonlinear steepening of waves leading to the formation of solitons. The obtained results show that the weak dispersion will alter the amplitude and propagation speed of the shock wave. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

Editors' note: Astron. Nachr. 8/2007     

E. Forgcs‐Dajka  I. Ballai  L. van Driel‐Gesztelyi 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2007,328(8):725-725

  相似文献   

Water isotopic variability in Mallorca: a path to understanding past changes in hydroclimate          下载免费PDF全文

Oana A. Dumitru  Ferenc L. Forray  Joan J. Fornós  Vasile Ersek  Bogdan P. Onac 《水文研究》2017,31(1):104-116

This paper reports the first results on δ¹⁸O and δ²H analysis of precipitations, cave drip waters, and groundwaters from sites in Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean), a key region for paleoclimate studies. Understanding the isotopic variability and the sources of moisture in modern climate systems is required to develop speleothem isotope‐based climate reconstructions. The stable isotopic composition of precipitation was analysed in samples collected between March 2012 and March 2013. The values are in the range reported by GNIP Palma station. Based on these results, the local meteoric water line (LMWL) δ²H = 7.9 (±0.3) δ¹⁸O + 10.8 (±2.5) was derived, with slightly lower slope than Global Meteoric Water Line. The results help tracking two main sources of air masses affecting the study sites: rain events with the highest δ¹⁸O values (> ?5‰) originate over the Mediterranean Sea, whereas the more depleted samples (< ?8‰) are sourced in the North Atlantic region. The back trajectory analysis and deuterium excess values, ranging from 0.4 to 18.4‰, further support our findings. To assess the isotopic variation across the island, water samples from eight caves were collected. The δ¹⁸O values range between ?6.9 and ?1.6‰. With one exception (Artà), the isotopic composition of waters in caves located along the coast (Drac, Vallgornera, Cala Varques, Tancada, and Son Sant Martí) indicates Mediterranean‐sourced moisture masses. By contrast, the drip water δ¹⁸O values for inland caves (Campanet, ses Rates Pinyades) or developed under a thick (>50 m) limestone cap (Artà) exhibit more negative values. A well‐homogenized aquifer supplied by rainwaters of both origins is clearly indicated by groundwater δ¹⁸O values, which show to be within 2.4‰ of the unweighted arithmetic mean of ?7.4‰. Although limited, the isotopic data presented here constitute the baseline for future studies using speleothem δ¹⁸O records for western Mediterranean paleoclimate reconstructions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

M. Coltorti,H. Downes,M. Grégorie,S.Y. O'Reilly (eds): Petrological evolution of the European lithospheric mantle     

István Kovács 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2011,73(7):935-936

  相似文献   

Sustainability aspects of thermal water production in the region of Hajdúszoboszló-Debrecen,Hungary     

Tamás Buday  Péter Szűcs  Miklós Kozák  Zoltán Püspöki  Richard William McIntosh  Erika Bódi  Béla Bálint  Kornél Bulátkó 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2015,74(12):7511-7521

  相似文献   

Groundwater flow system as an archive of palaeotemperature: Noble gas, radiocarbon, stable isotope and geochemical study in the Pannonian Basin, Hungary     

Irén Varsányi  László PalcsuLajos Ó. Kovács 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(1):91-104

To establish the increase in temperature and the time span of the transition between the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Holocene, the noble gas content, ¹⁸O, ²H, ¹³C δ values, ³H and ¹⁴C activity and chemistry were studied in a groundwater flow system in Quaternary sediments in Hungary. The study area is a sub-basin of the Pannonian Basin, where the C isotope ratios are not influenced by carbonate reactions along the flow path, because the only water-rock interaction is ion exchange. The δ¹⁸O and δ²H values indicate a cold infiltration period, followed by warming, and, finally, warm temperature conditions. The noble gas data show that the average infiltration temperature was 3.3 °C in the cold, 12.9 °C in the warm, and intermediate in the transitional stage. Using the noble gas temperatures, geochemical batch modelling was performed to simulate the chemical processes. Based on the geochemical model, δ¹³C and ¹⁴C₀ (initial radiocarbon activity) in the recharging water were calculated. Transport modelling was used to simulate the distribution of chemical components, δ¹⁸O, δ²H and ¹⁴C₀, along the flow path. It was found that the main processes determining the chemical composition of the groundwater were dissolution/precipitation of calcite and dolomite during infiltration near the surface, and ion exchange along the flow path. In the recharge area the δ¹³C and ¹⁴C₀ were controlled by dissolution and precipitation of carbonate minerals, C speciation, and fractionation processes. All these processes were influenced by the recharge temperature. NGTs calculated from the dissolved noble gas concentrations showed an average of 3.3 °C for cold, and 12.9 °C for warm infiltration, i.e. for the LGM and for the Holocene. The temperature difference was thus 9.1 ± 0.8 °C, which is one of the largest degree of warming detected by noble gases so far. The alkalinity indicates that carbonate reactions were unimportant along the flow path. Owing to the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants, temperature conditions during infiltration have to be taken into consideration in radiocarbon age calculation. Dispersive transport along the flow path modified the chemical and isotopic composition of infiltrated water. The contribution of the old pore water, which was free of the ¹⁴C isotope, resulted in uncertainties in radiocarbon age determination. It was concluded that determination of the radiocarbon age or mean residence time requires detailed knowledge of the hydraulic conditions of groundwater.  相似文献   

Investigation of the climate-driven periodicity of shallow groundwater level fluctuations in a Central-Eastern European agricultural region     

Tamás Garamhegyi  József Kovács  Rita Pongrácz  Péter Tanos  István Gábor Hatvani 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(3):677-688

The distribution and amount of groundwater, a crucial source of Earth’s drinking and irrigation water, is changing due to climate-change effects. Therefore, it is important to understand groundwater behavior in extreme scenarios, e.g. drought. Shallow groundwater (SGW) level fluctuation under natural conditions displays periodic behavior, i.e. seasonal variation. Thus, the study aims to investigate (1) the periodic behavior of the SGW level time series of an agriculturally important and drought-sensitive region in Central-Eastern Europe – the Carpathian Basin, in the north-eastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain, and (2) its relationship to the European atmospheric pressure action centers. Data from 216 SGW wells were studied using wavelet spectrum analysis and wavelet coherence analyses for 1961–2010. Locally, a clear relationship exists between the absence of annual periodic behavior in the SGW level and the periodicity of droughts, as indicated by the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index and the Aridity Index. During the non-periodic intervals, significant drops in groundwater levels (average 0.5 m) were recorded in 89% of the wells. This result links the meteorological variables to the periodic behavior of SGW, and consequently, drought. On a regional scale, Mediterranean cyclones from the Gulf of Genoa (northwest Italy) were found to be a driving factor in the 8-yr periodic behavior of the SGW wells. The research documents an important link between SGW levels and local/regional climate variables or indices, thereby facilitating the necessary adaptation strategies on national and/or regional scales, as these must take into account the predictions of drought-related climatic conditions.  相似文献   

Intraplate volcanism in the Danube Basin of NW Hungary: 3D geophysical modelling of the Late Miocene Pásztori volcano     

Pánisová  Jaroslava  Balázs  Attila  Zalai  Zsófia  Bielik  Miroslav  Horváth  Ferenc  Harangi  Szabolcs  Schmidt  Sabine  Götze  Hans-Jürgen 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,107(5):1713-1730

International Journal of Earth Sciences - Three-dimensional geophysical modelling of the early Late Miocene Pásztori volcano (ca. 11–10&nbsp;Ma) and adjacent area in the Little...  相似文献   

Terrestrial radioisotopes in black shale hosted Mn-carbonate deposit (Úrkút, Hungary)     

Tamás Vigh  Tibor Kovács  János Somlai  Norbert Kávási  Márta Polgári  Lóránt Bíró 《Acta Geophysica》2013,61(4):831-847

Previously, little attention has been paid to terrestrial radioisotopes (U, Th, ⁴⁰K) occurring in manganese ores, despite the fact that the biogeochemical relationship between Mn and U is versatile. Occurrence of terrestrial radioisotopes in great amounts during mining on a long-term causes significant radiation exposure. It is important to inspect black shale-hosted manganese ores from this aspect, as black shales are typically potential U-rich formations. Despite the increased radon concentration in the mine, based on the detailed major elements, trace elements and gamma spectroscopy inspection of the rock types of deposit, the U, Th enrichment was undetectable. However, the U and Th content of about average terrestrial abundance of the great ore amount may be in the background of the increased radon concentration level. This Mn-carbonate ore deposit in spite of the low U content exhibit potential radon danger for miners, which can be eliminated with intensive air change only.  相似文献