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101.
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New measurements are reported of the [OII] brightness ratio across the Orion Nebula. These are compared to all previous measurements of this ratio. The variations of the local electron density throughout the volume of Orion, predicted by the [SII] and [OII] ratios, are then compared to the variations of the rms electron density. 相似文献
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The literature on local government management of the environment in Australia has been limited in that it has typically focused on the urban sphere. In contrast, this paper places rurality at the centre of its inquiry. It uses data from 15 case studies of rural local governments in Australia to identify the main factors that inhibit natural resource management by rural councils. These barriers mobilise around four key themes: capacity, commitment, co-ordination and community. While many of the issues raised in this study of non-urban shires have been described in previous research, the paper argues that the geographic location of the areas under investigation aggravates barriers to engaging sustainability initiatives. It is contended that rural local governments need to be resourced accordingly to ensure that natural resource management at the local government level in Australia is not compromised. 相似文献
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Spectroscopic observations of 10 HII regions in the southern hemisphere are presented. The observations cover the spectral region 3600–8000 Å.European Southern Observatory 相似文献
107.
A. C. Danks 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1971,14(2):480-484
New Observations of the [Nii]6584 Å line have been made over the surface of the Dumbell nebula (NGC 6853). The observed lines at the centre of the nebula disc exhibited line splitting of 54.3 km s–1. The lines appeared double at the centre of the nebula and became single at the boundary. These observations are discussed and compared with those obtained by previous workers. 相似文献
108.
Stein Rune Karlsen Anne Tolvanen Eero Kubin Jarmo Poikolainen Kjell Arild Høgda Bernt Johansen Fiona S. Danks Paul Aspholm Frans Emil Wielgolaski Olga Makarova 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008
Northern Fennoscandia is an ecologically heterogeneous region in the arctic/alpine-boreal transition area. Phenology data on birch from 13 stations and 16-day MODIS-NDVI composite satellite data with 250 m resolution for the period 2000 to 2006 were used to map the growing season. A new combined pixel-specific NDVI threshold and decision rule-based mapping method was developed to determine the onset and end of the growing season. A moderately high correlation was found between NDVI data and birch phenology data. The earliest onset of the growing season is found in the narrow strip of lowland between the mountains and the sea along the coast of northern Norway. The onset follows a clear gradient from lowland to mountain corresponding to the decreasing temperature gradient. In autumn, the yellowing of the vegetation shows a more heterogeneous pattern. The length of the growing season is between 100 and 130 days in 55% of the study area. 相似文献
109.
Using second-order approximation to incorporate GCM uncertainty in climate change impact assessments
This study presents a method to incorporate uncertainty of climate variables in climate change impact assessments, where the uncertainty being considered refers to the divergence of general circulation model (GCM) projections. The framework assesses how much bias occurs when the uncertainties of climate variables are ignored. The proposed method is based on the second-order expansion of Taylor series, called second-order approximation (SOA). SOA addresses the bias which occurs by assuming the expected value of a function is equal to the function of the expected value of the predictors. This assumption is not valid for nonlinear systems, such as in the case of the relationship of climate variables to streamflow. To investigate the value of SOA in the climate change context, statistical downscaling models for monthly streamflow were set up for six hydrologic reference stations in Australia which cover contrasting hydro-climate regions. It is shown that in all locations SOA makes the largest difference for low flows and changes the overall mean flow by 1–3%. Another advantage of the SOA approach is that the individual contribution of each climate variable to the total difference can be estimated. It is found that geopotential height and specific humidity cause more bias than wind speeds in the downscaling models considered here. 相似文献
110.