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61.
62.
Anthony Pochon Denis Gapais Eric Gloaguen Charles Gumiaux Yannick Branquet Florence Cagnard Guillaume Martelet 《地学学报》2016,28(2):138-145
The Variscan Armorican belt was the World leading producer of antimony at the beginning of the twentieth century. However, geological controls on the deposits remain unconstrained. Here, we illustrate the field setting of mineralisations and perform a statistical analysis using Geographical Information System software, geophysical and geological data. The analysis shows that Sb deposits are spatially correlated with high‐density and magnetic zones. This may reflect the presence of mafic/ultramafic bodies at depth – a suggestion that is further supported by numerous occurrences of doleritic dykes throughout the region. Future antimony prospecting should focus on the high‐density and high‐magnetic zones which comprise about 18% of the Armorican massif. Links between Sb deposits and mafic intrusions are recognised elsewhere in the West European Variscan belt, emphasising that these may be key for antimony prospecting in deformation belts. 相似文献
63.
Elodie Philippe Florence Habets Emmanuel Ledoux Patrick Goblet Pascal Viennot Bruno Mary 《水文研究》2011,25(5):752-765
For predicting the evolution of solute concentrations in groundwater and testing the impact of remediation policies, a coupling between the agronomical model STICS and the hydrogeological model MODCOU was implemented. When applied to the Seine River basin, this model accurately represents the temporal evolution of average nitrate concentrations in the aquifer, but with large local errors. We propose an improvement to the simple unsaturated zone (UZ) scheme NonsatSW used in STICS–MODCOU. The modifications are based on a comparison with the mechanistic model Metis considered as a reference as it solves Richards' equation. A more realistic saturation profile and a varying percolation rate are integrated in NonsatSW. This new model, named NonsatVG, is assessed by comparing it with NonsatSW and Metis. In an ideal case, NonsatVG generates a solute transfer and a dispersion closer to that of Metis than of NonsatSW. In real cases, without additional calibration, NonsatVG and Metis simulate better the average transfer velocities of the observed nitrate profiles. Furthermore, modifications in NonsatVG give a direct relationship between the depth of the water table and the saturation profile. We obtain, therefore, as in Metis, an evolution of the solute transfer velocity depending on the piezometric level. These dynamics are not simulated in NonsatSW. Despite a modified water transfer through the UZ, NonsatVG is also as valid as NonsatSW in the modelling of water transfer to the saturated zone. Finally, an application to the Seine basin shows that solute transfer velocities are lower with NonsatVG than with NonsatSW, but are in better agreement with literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
64.
Florence Bigot-Cormier Christophe Basile Gérard Poupeau Jean-Pierre Bouillin Erika Labrin 《地学学报》2005,17(2):189-195
Apatite fission track analysis of samples from the shoulder (marginal ridge) of the Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana transform continental margin reveal a cooling of the margin between 85 and 65 Ma for the central and eastern parts of the ridge. All samples were heated in situ during sedimentary burial with a temperature >120 °C, except for two samples located in the eastern part which were heated between 105 and 120 °C. For the first time, age/depth diagram along a transform margin shows a shape involving erosion starting at the bottom of the continental slope, then stepping backwards towards the edge of the slope. This retrogressive erosion can result from the deepening of the lithospheric plate sliding along the transform margin, from thick continental crust to thin continental crust, and finally to oceanic crust. This process could be at the origin of the shoulder uplift by flexural response to the important crustal discharge (>2 km). 相似文献
65.
Many ancient deformation belts, especially of Archean and Palaeoproterozoic age, show large areas marked by primary flat‐lying fabrics associated with rather monotonous metamorphic conditions of HTLP type and affected by steep transpressive zones involving vertical stretch. These features do not support strain localization along large‐scale thrusts and (or) extensional detachments, as common in modern orogens. Instead, they are consistent with hot and weak lithospheres where gravity‐driven horizontal flow may compete with distributed thickening from early stages of collisional processes. Relevant deformation features are reviewed and highlighted by lithosphere‐scale analogue models involving low‐viscosity lower crust and sub‐Moho mantle. Both nature and models argue that compression of such lithospheres may induce combined distributed thickening and lateral channel flow of the ductile crust accommodated by transpressive zones. 相似文献
66.
Bockelée-Morvan Dominique Biver Nicolas Colom Pierre Crovisier Jacques Festou Michel C. Henry Florence Lecacheux Alain Weaver Harold A. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2002,90(1-4):459-461
NASA's Deep Space 1 mission flew by Comet 19P/Borrelly on September 22, 2001.We present observations of molecular species obtained with the 30-m telescope of theInstitut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) and the Nançay radio telescopeat and near the time of this flyby. OH, HCN, and CS production rates were measured,while upper limits were deduced for CO, H2CO and H2S. 相似文献
67.
Florence Bocquet Ben Balsley Michael Tjernström Gunilla Svensson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2011,138(1):43-60
Tethered Lifting System (TLS) estimates of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy (e){(\varepsilon)} are reasonably well correlated with concurrent measurements of vertical velocity variance (sw2){(\sigma_{w}^{2})} obtained from sonic anemometers located on a nearby 60-m tower during the CASES-99 field experiment. Additional results in
the first 100 m of the nocturnal stable boundary layer confirm our earlier claim that the presence of weak but persistent
background turbulence exists even during the most stable atmospheric conditions, where e{\varepsilon} can exhibit values as low as 10−7 m2 s−3. We also present a set of empirical equations that incorporates TLS measurements of temperature, horizontal wind speed, and
e{\varepsilon} to provide a proxy measurement for sw2{\sigma_{w}^{2}} at altitudes higher than tower heights. 相似文献
68.
Luc de Hoÿm de Marien Benjamin Le Bayon Pavel Pitra Jean Van Den Driessche Marc Poujol Florence Cagnard 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2019,37(6):863-888
The Variscan metamorphism in the Pyrenees is dominantly of the low‐pressure–high‐temperature (LP‐HT) type. The relics of an earlier, Barrovian‐type metamorphism that could be related to orogenic crustal thickening are unclear and insufficiently constrained. A microstructural and petrological study of micaschists underlying an Ordovician augen orthogneiss in the core of the Canigou massif (Eastern Pyrenees, France) reveals the presence of two syntectonic metamorphic stages characterized by the crystallization of staurolite (M1) and andalusite (M2), respectively. Garnet is stable during the two metamorphic stages with a period of resorption between M1 and M2. The metamorphic assemblages M1 and M2 record similar peak temperatures of 580°C at different pressure conditions of 5.5 and 3 kbar, respectively. Using chemical zoning of garnet and calculated P–T pseudosections, a prograde P–T path is constrained with a peak pressure at ~6.5 kbar and 550°C. This P–T path, syntectonic with respect to the first foliation S1, corresponds to a cold gradient (of ~9°C/km), suggestive of crustal thickening. Resorption of garnet between M1 and M2 can be interpreted either in terms of a simple clockwise P–T path or a polymetamorphic two‐stage evolution. We argue in favour of the latter, where the medium‐pressure (Barrovian) metamorphism is followed by a period of significant erosion and crustal thinning leading to decompression and cooling. Subsequent advection of heat, probably from the mantle, leads to a new increase in temperature, coeval with the development of the main regional fabric S2. LA‐ICP‐MS U–Th–Pb dating of monazite yields a well‐defined date at c. 300 Ma. Petrological evidence indicates that monazite crystallization took place close to the M1 peak pressure conditions. However, the similarity between this age and that of the extensive magmatic event well documented in the eastern Pyrenees suggests that it probably corresponds to the age of monazite recrystallization during the M2 LP‐HT event. 相似文献
69.
New in situ techniques for the estimation of the dielectric properties and moisture content of soils
Jean-Pierre Frangi Daniel-Christian Richard Xavier Chavanne Idris Bexi Florence Sagnard Vincent Guilbert 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2009,341(10-11):831-845
Two original in situ HF techniques of dielectric characterization in two wide bands have been developed in order to estimate the moisture content of soils by complex impedance measurement. These techniques are based on the capacitive effect (1–20 MHz) and on the propagation of electromagnetic waves at high frequencies (0.1–4 GHz). The two measurement techniques use straight conductors that are inserted into the soil. Specific inversion algorithms were developed to estimate the apparent real permittivity of the soil versus frequency from the complex impedance. The validation of both instruments was made in the laboratory in the presence of dry and wet sands. In situ experiments were also made at high frequencies. These complementary devices should enlarge the range of usual soil moisture measurement techniques. 相似文献
70.
So far,Artemia populations in solar saltponds of southern France have been considered as belonging to the Old World parthenogenetic strain.
However, two populations sampled monthly in abandoned salinas of Sète-Villeroy and Villeneuve appear to be bisexual throughout
their life-cycle. Their sex ratio regularly fluctuates near equilibrium, and mating, present throughout life, is very common
in early winter. Morphological characteristics, particularly the male frontal knobs structure, are discussed in relation to
the diploid bisexual Mediterranean strain,Artemia tunisiana, which is distributed around the Mediterranean basin. The existence of sexual populations is discussed in regard to variation
in environmental conditions in abandoned salinas. 相似文献