In vivo metabolism of aromatic amines by the bay mussel, Mytilus edulis     

John P Knezovich  Michael P Lawton  Florence L Harrison 《Marine environmental research》1988,24(1-4)

The hazard posed to aquatic organisms by exposure to aromatic amines will depend on their ability to activate or detoxify these potentially genotoxic compounds. We studied the metabolism of four aromatic amines (p-toluidine, aniline, 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and 2-aminofluorene (2-AF)) in Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) to gain an understanding of their metabolic capabilities in vivo. Mussels rapidly accumulated these compounds from the water column and depurated the majority of their steady-state body burdens as metabolites and unmetabolized parent compounds. The biotransformation pathways of [¹⁴C]-labeled parent compounds were determined by analyses of depurated metabolites and tissue residues. Biotransformation of p-toluidine and aniline resulted in the formation of their corresponding N-acetylated detoxification products. Mussels converted small amounts of 2-AAF into a deacetylated product (2-AF) and a mutagenically active metabolite (N-hydroxy-2-AF). 2-AF was extensively detoxified via N-acetylation, which limited the amount of primary amine available for activation.  相似文献   

Estimating extreme losses for the Florida Public Hurricane Model—part II     

Gulati  Sneh  George  Florence  Hamid  Shahid 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,131(3-4):1191-1202

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Rising global temperatures are leading to an increase in the number of extreme events and losses ( http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/indicators/ )....  相似文献   

Moderate pressure metamorphism and anatexis due to anorthosite intrusion,western Adirondack Highlands,New York     

F. P. Florence  R. S. Darling  S. E. Orrell 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1995,121(4):424-436

 Garnet-sillimanite-biotite gneiss near Port Leyden, in the western Adirondack Highlands, New York, contains mineral assemblages and textures that formed during high temperature metamorphism and anatexis at mid-crustal pressures. Evidence for melting includes thin, plagioclase-rich veins, sieve textures in biotite, and the presence of small, euhedral garnet neoblasts. Hercynite-silicate equilibria in combination with the solidus for biotite dehydration melting indicate metamorphic pressure was between 4 and 6.4 kbar at the temperature of melting (ca. 735° C). The gneiss is intruded by a small, discordant Fe-Ti oxide-apatite (nelsonite) dike. Reported field occurrences of nelsonite demonstrate its common association with anorthosite plutons. Although no anorthosite bodies are exposed in the Port Leyden region, the presence of nelsonite is evidence of anorthositic magmatism in the western Adirondacks. Post-intrusion metamorphism has caused partial apatite recrystallization and produced a weak foliated texture in the dike. U-Pb ages from zircon and monazite from both the gneiss and the nelsonite dike indicate that these rocks experienced a complex, polymetamorphic history that we interpret to reflect two thermal episodes. An older event is recorded by discordant zircons in the gneiss, which indicate a minimum age of 1129±6 Ma. A linear best fit to the data yields an upper intercept at 1166±53 Ma. This range of ages coincides with anorthosite-suite magmatism in the Adirondacks. A minimum zircon age of 1104±3 Ma was obtained from the nelsonite dike. Lead-loss or late zircon crystallization at about 1020 Ma affected the U-Pb systematics of zircon in the dike. Monazite ages from both rocks also indicate high temperature metamorphism (>700° C) between 1040 and 960 Ma. The older zircon ages and textural relations in the metapelite are viewed as evidence for anatexis at ca. 1150 Ma, and the presence of nelsonite suggests that the intrusion of anorthosite was coincident with partial melting in the gneiss. P-T estimates of metamorphism, therefore, imply that anorthosite was emplaced to about 15 km depth in the western Adirondack Highlands. Received: 13 September 1994 / Accepted: 10 May 1995  相似文献   

Influence of bottom trawling on sediment resuspension in the ‘Grande-Vasière’ area (Bay of Biscay,France)     

Baptiste Mengual  Florence Cayocca  Pierre Le Hir  Robin Draye  Pascal Laffargue  Benoit Vincent  Thierry Garlan 《Ocean Dynamics》2016,66(9):1181-1207

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Women’s perceptions of health,quality of life,and malaria management in Kakamega County,Western Province,Kenya     

Florence V. Dunkel  Leanna M. Hansen  Sarah J. Halvorson  Arthur Bangert 《GeoJournal》2017,82(4):841-865

We assess women’s perceptions of health risks in relation to quality of life concerns, with attention to variables viewed as central to maintaining or improving health and well-being. In this paper, we specifically underscore how a life-threatening disease—malaria—is experienced and bio-cyclically understood and managed in relation to seasonal hunger, food insecurities, and livelihood vulnerabilities. The study, conducted June–July 2013, draws on field data and interviews with 60 women farmers of the Luhya community along the Yala River in Kakamega County, Western Province, Kenya. Major findings suggest the following: (1) women’s perceived desired quality of life is shaped by priorities for children’s education, nutrition, food security, and economic security in their rural communities; (2) malaria emerged as a challenging household health problem that curtails livelihood opportunities for most study participants; and (3) local understandings of malaria transmission, particularly how and when female mosquitoes become infected with malaria-causing protozoans, was low, but malaria symptoms were relatively well-understood. The interest and motivation to institute new malaria risk reduction practices at the community level are explored, including attention to building upon the Luhya tradition of oral storytelling in order to promote actions to eliminate malaria. This analysis of local narratives of health risks illustrates these points and demonstrates how women’s constructions of health risks and well-being provide a basis for developing interventions targeting income generation and microloan opportunities that could support Kenyan women in their intersecting approaches to malaria, securing nutritious diets, and enhancing the local health environment.  相似文献   

Residual circulation and stratification in the Liverpool Bay region of freshwater influence   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Florence Verspecht  Tom P. Rippeth  John H. Simpson  Alejandro J. Souza  Hans Burchard  M. John Howarth 《Ocean Dynamics》2009,59(5):765-779

Wind and tidal straining are proposed as key mechanisms influencing the magnitude and timing of the horizontal flux of freshwater across regions of freshwater influence (ROFIs). Evidence for this hypothesis is presented in estimates of the tidally averaged residual current profile, obtained from 5 years of continuous acoustic doppler current profiler measurements in the Liverpool Bay ROFI. The modified horizontal Richardson number (R_x^wtR_{x}^{wt}), which includes both the tidal and the wind forcing, was assessed as a measure of stratification. R_x^wtR_{x}^{wt} was found to be a good indicator of the timing of the evolution and destruction of stratification, but was not as successful as an indicator of the magnitude of stratification, both enduring and periodic. The observed mean residual velocities are compared to those predicted by a classical solution, and the eddy viscosity (N _z ) is shown to be a control on differences between the observed and predicted circulation. Principal component analysis is used to show that the strongest residual currents occur when the water column periodically alternates between a well-mixed and stratified state, a consequence of straining, rather than simply related to the density gradient. Evidence of wind straining was found in the correspondence between the wind direction and the near surface and near bed residual current direction.  相似文献   

Interactive effects of metal contamination and pathogenic organisms on the marine bivalve Cerastoderma edule     

Ika Paul-Pont  Patrice Gonzalez  Florence Jude  Line Bourrasseau  Frances Haynes  Christine Paillard 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(4):515-118

The present study evaluated the interactive effects of cadmium contamination and pathogenic organisms (trematodes Himasthla elongata and bacteria Vibrio tapetis) singularly and in combination during 7 days on the bivalve Cerastoderma edule. Some defense-related activities were analyzed such as genetic expression, metallothionein and immune responses. Trematode metacercarial infection, similar whatever the treatment, induced the strongest responses of immune parameters. Particularly, the interaction between cadmium and parasite exposures induced unusual responses on gene expression and immune responses. No effect of bacterial challenge appeared on bivalve responses, nevertheless a strong mortality of V. tapetis infected cockles occured between 7 and 14 days. Cadmium bioaccumulation was significantly modulated by both pathogenic organisms. Furthermore, an antagonistic effect of trematodes and bacteria was shown on metal bioaccumulation of co-infected cockles. These results highlighted the importance of considering the multiplicity of perturbation sources in coastal ecosystems to assess the health status of organisms.  相似文献   

Re-examination of the temperature-dependent relationship between δ<Superscript>18</Superscript>O<Subscript>diatoms</Subscript> and δ<Superscript>18</Superscript>O<Subscript>lake water</Subscript> and implications for paleoclimate inferences     

Julien Crespin  Florence Sylvestre  Anne Alexandre  Corinne Sonzogni  Christine Paillès  Marie-Elodie Perga 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,44(2):547-557

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Petrography,Geochemistry and Physical Properties of a Continuous Extrusive Section from the Sarami Massif,Semail Ophiolite     

Einaudi  Florence  Pezard  Philippe A.  Cochemé  Jean-Jacques  Coulon  Christian  Laverne  Christine  Godard  Marguerite 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2000,21(3-4):387-408

As opposed to ocean crustal drilling that often yields a discontinuous core, ophiolites provide a unique opportunity to study continuous sections of oceanic basalts. In order to provide high frequency constraints on the construction of the upper oceanic crust, a continuous 280 m thick volcanic transect was sampled in the Semail ophiolite in Oman. The analyzed section is located in the Sarami Massif, in the central part of the ophiolite, and exposed along Wadi Shaffan. A multidisciplinary study was carried out after sampling in the field. Core measurements including porosity, grain density, compressional velocity, magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity for over 100 samples from this transect have been made. Geochemical analyses including major, trace and Rare Earth Elements were also performed on 23 selected samples from this transect. The Wadi Shaffan transect appears as composed of two main petrological and geochemical members providing the main lithostratigraphic signal. The boundary between the two sequences is marked by the presence of a massive flow unit equating to the most primitive lava and across which significant changes in mineralogy and texture are observed. The physical properties equally record significant changes. In all, the section is characterized by chemical compositions coherent with that of V1-Geotime volcanism and appears as built through two main sequences of volcanic activity. The magnetic susceptibility profile correlated to geochemical variations present the most detailed evolution allowing to individualize a succession of at least 4 volcanic phases. These phases are interpreted as magmatic cycles characterized by differentiation processes, allowing one to place high frequency constraints on the volcanic behavior of fast spreading ridges. Some of the physical properties also reflect this series of differentiation trends, as noticed in the past from downhole measurements recorded in the context of deep ocean drilling into the crust.  相似文献   

Characterization of site conditions (soil class,V<Subscript>S30</Subscript>, velocity profiles) for 33 stations from the French permanent accelerometric network (RAP) using surface-wave methods     

Fabrice Hollender  Cécile Cornou  Aline Dechamp  Kaveh Oghalaei  Florence Renalier  Emeline Maufroy  Clément Burnouf  Sylvette Thomassin  Marc Wathelet  Pierre-Yves Bard  Vincent Boutin  Clément Desbordes  Isabelle Douste-Bacqué  Laetitia Foundotos  Cédric Guyonnet-Benaize  Vincent Perron  Julie Régnier  Agathe Roullé  Mickael Langlais  Deborah Sicilia 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(6):2337-2365

Data provided by accelerometric networks are important for seismic hazard assessment. The correct use of accelerometric signals is conditioned by the station site metadata quality (i.e., soil class, V_S30, velocity profiles, and other relevant information that can help to quantify site effects). In France, the permanent accelerometric network consists of about 150 stations. Thirty-three of these stations in the southern half of France have been characterized, using surface-wave-based methods that allow derivation of velocity profiles from dispersion curves of surface waves. The computation of dispersion curves and their subsequent inversion in terms of shear-wave velocity profiles has allowed estimation of V_S30 values and designation of soil classes, which include the corresponding uncertainties. From a methodological point of view, this survey leads to the following recommendations: (1) perform both active (multi-analysis surface waves) and passive (ambient vibration arrays) measurements to derive dispersion curves in a broadband frequency range; (2) perform active acquisitions for both vertical (Rayleigh wave) and horizontal (Love wave) polarities. Even when the logistic contexts are sometimes difficult, the use of surface-wave-based methods is suitable for station-site characterization, even on rock sites. In comparison with previous studies that have mainly estimated V_S30 indirectly, the new values here are globally lower, but the EC8-A class sites remain numerous. However, even on rock sites, high frequency amplifications may affect accelerometric records, due to the shallow relatively softer layers.  相似文献