Sediment characteristics and macrofauna distribution along a human-modified inlet in the Gulf of Oristano (Sardinia, Italy)     

Como S  Magni P  Casu D  Floris A  Giordani G  Natale S  Fenzi GA  Signa G  De Falco G 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(6):733-744

We studied the spatial variability and within-year temporal changes in hydrological features, grain size composition and chemical characteristics of sediments, as well as macrofaunal assemblages, along a heavily modified inlet in the Gulf of Oristano (western Sardinia, Italy). The inlet connects the Cabras lagoon to the gulf through a series of convoluted creeks and man-made structures, including a dam and fish barriers built in the last three decades. Sediments were muddy and mainly composed of the "non-sortable" fraction (i.e., <8 microm particle size) in all four areas investigated: Lagoon, Creeks, Channel and Seaward. Along the inlet, however, the ratio between the <8 microm and the 8-64 microm fractions was highest in Creeks and Channel, between the fish barriers and the dam, suggesting impaired hydrodynamics. Consistently, steep gradients in water salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen concentrations were found in proximity to the fish barriers. The whole inlet was characterized by a major organic enrichment of sediments, with up to an annual mean of 33.6% of organic matter and 11.7% of total organic carbon in Seaward due to the presence of seagrass leaf litter. Acid-volatile sulphide and chromium-reduced sulphur concentrations were highest throughout the year in Seaward and Lagoon, respectively, with a peak in summer. Consistently, the whole inlet supported low structured macrofaunal assemblages dominated by few opportunist species, with a relatively lower diversity in Lagoon throughout the year and the highest abundances in Seaward in summer. We infer that the presence of artificial structures along the inlet, such as fish barriers and the dam, impair the lagoon-gulf hydrodynamics, sediment exchange and animal recruitment and colonization. We suggest that the removal of these structures would favour water renewal in the Cabras lagoon, but would also increase the outflow of organic C-bonding fine particles into the gulf with serious consequences for Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa seagrass meadows. We conclude that all possible consequences of such initiatives should be carefully considered before any action is taken.  相似文献   

The molecular emission-line spectrum of IRC +10216 between 330 and 358 GHz     

Groesbeck TD  Phillips TG  Blake GA 《The Astrophysical journal. Supplement series》1994,94(1):147-162

We have conducted a spectral line survey of IRC +10216 using the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory to an average sensitivity of < or approximately 95 mK. A deconvolution algorithm has been used to derive the continuous single-sideband spectrum from 330.2 to 358.1 GHz. A total of 56 spectral lines were detected of which 54 have been identified with 8 molecules and a total of 18 isotopomers. The observed lines are used to derive column densities and relative abundances for the detected species. Within this frequency range the spectral lines detected contribute the majority of the total flux emitted by IRC +10216. We use the derived column densities and excitation temperatures to simulate the molecular line emission (assuming LTE) at frequencies up to 1000 GHz. The observed and simulated flux from line emission is compared to broadband total flux measurements and to dust emission assuming a power-law variation of the dust emissivity. We conclude that significant corrections for the line flux must be made to broadband flux measurements of IRC +10216 at wavelengths longer than approximately 750 micrometers.  相似文献   

Distance as an explanatory factor in urban growth rates: a test for Moscow Oblast     

Gustafson GG  Huzinec GA 《Soviet geography》1978,19(5):311-323

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Anadarko石油公司发现新油气田给盐下勘探注入新的活力     

Petz.  GA 许建华 《国外石油地质》1999,21(1):16-17,20

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燕山带中生代主要构造事件与板块构造背景问题   总被引：103，自引：9，他引：94  

郑亚东 Davis  GA 《地质学报》2000,74(4):289-302

对冀北、辽西火成岩体和火山岩的定年与野外构造的研究揭示,燕山地区主要缩短变形期为：①前中侏罗期（１８０Ｍａ）;②晚侏罗期（１６１～１４８Ｍａ）;③早白垩期（１４３～１２７Ｍａ→１１７Ｍａ）。前中侏罗期为ＳＮ向缩短可能与蒙古弧－华北板块沿索伦缝合带拼合有关。晚侏罗世－早白垩世的缩短变形可能是西伯利亚与蒙古－华北拼合板块沿其北１０００～１８００ｋｍ外,蒙古－鄂霍茨克缝合带碰撞的板内响应。我国东部ＮＮＥ  相似文献   

Persistence and metallic composition of paint particles in sediments from a tidal inlet     

Takahashi CK  Turner A  Millward GE  Glegg GA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(1):133-137

Concentrations of Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn have been determined in sediment (<500 μm) and macroscopic paint particles (>500 μm) retrieved from sections of two cores collected from a tidal inlet of the Plym estuary, southwest England. Paint particles contributed up to about 0.2% of the total mass retrieved from each section and were most abundant towards the base of the cores where, according to (210)Pb dating, deposition took place about a decade prior to sampling. Metal concentrations in the paint particles pooled from the sections were highly variable, typically spanning two orders of magnitude in each core, and were greatest for Cu and Zn (up to 460,000 and 170,000 μg g(-1), respectively) due to their use in contemporary antifouling formulations applied to boat hulls. Concentrations of metals in the sediment were, however, relatively invariant, an effect attributed to the abundance and dispersion of microscopic paint particles throughout the cores.  相似文献   

Derelict fishing gear in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands: diving surveys and debris removal in 1999 confirm threat to coral reef ecosystems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Donohue MJ  Boland RC  Sramek CM  Antonelis GA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2001,42(12):1301-1312

Marine debris threatens Northwestern Hawaiian Islands' (NWHI) coral reef ecosystems. Debris, a contaminant, entangles and kills endangered Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi), coral, and other wildlife. We describe a novel multi-agency effort using divers to systematically survey and remove derelict fishing gear from two NWHI in 1999. 14 t of derelict fishing gear were removed and debris distribution, density, type and fouling level documented at Lisianski Island and Pearl and Hermes Atoll. Reef debris density ranged from 3.4 to 62.2 items/km². Trawl netting was the most frequent debris type encountered (88%) and represented the greatest debris component recovered by weight (35%), followed by monofilament gillnet (34%), and maritime line (23%). Most debris recovered, 72%, had light or no fouling, suggesting debris may have short oceanic circulation histories. Our study demonstrates that derelict fishing gear poses a persistent threat to the coral reef ecosystems of the Hawaiian Archipelago.  相似文献