藏北羌塘中部日湾茶卡组物源——LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及稀土元素特征   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

彭虎  李才  解超明  王明  江庆源  陈景文 《地质通报》2014,33(11):1715-1727

在龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带中段的冈玛错—日湾茶卡地区,近东西向展布着一条富含暖水型生物化石的早石炭世地层日湾茶卡组(C1r)。对日湾茶卡组砂岩中的碎屑锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,分析结果显示存在325~400Ma、400~500Ma、500~600Ma、950~1100Ma、1400~1800Ma和大于1800Ma六个年龄区间;最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄为325 Ma,时代为早石炭世维宪期;碎屑锆石中362 Ma和454Ma的年龄峰值最明显,为龙木错—双湖—澜沧江洋岛弧消减事件和加里东运动的年龄记录,表明碎屑岩的物源区主要来自于扬子大陆周缘。结合古生物化石资料可知,日湾茶卡组属于欧亚大陆扬子型石炭纪沉积地层,为岛弧环境下的一套浅水台型沉积。  相似文献   

藏北羌塘中部日湾茶卡地区花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈景文  李才  胡培远  解超明  彭虎  江庆源 《地质通报》2014,33(11):1750-1758

报道了藏北羌塘中部日湾茶卡地区花岗闪长岩体锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学特征。该花岗闪长岩位于龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带西段。岩石样品中的锆石具有较好的晶形,可见典型的岩浆振荡环带结构,具有较高的Th/U值,为典型的岩浆成因锆石。样品锆石LA-ICP-MS技术测得的锆石年龄为211.0Ma±1.8Ma,表明其时代为晚三叠世。全岩地球化学分析表明,该花岗闪长岩具有高Si O2、Al2O3,富碱,低TFe2O3、Ti O2的特征,A/CNK值为0.97~1.04,为准铝质—弱过铝质岩石。稀土元素配分模式显示,配分曲线右倾,伴随较弱的Eu负异常;微量元素蛛网图表现出Nb、Ta、Ti、P亏损和Rb、Th、U、K、Pb富集的特征;样品点在构造环境判别图解上均落入碰撞型花岗岩区。初步分析,其岩浆来源可能为幔源岩浆底侵使古老地壳发生熔融。此碰撞型花岗闪长岩对龙木错—双湖—澜沧江洋碰撞的时限提供了一定的岩石学约束,为龙木错—双湖—澜沧江洋的演化提供了基础地质资料。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地延川南区块目的煤层含气性分析     

曾凡武  李维  范小俊  胡微雪  李陈 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(6):15-17

为计算鄂尔多斯盆地延川南区块煤层气资源量、甄选有利区带及确定先导性试验井组的部署,对全区探井的煤层含气性进行综合分析。结果显示:区块内煤层气含量为5.54~19.56m3/t;兰氏体积为13.59~33.78m3/t,兰氏压力为2.06~3.72MPa,含气饱和度为41.48%~92.19%;临储压力比为19.18%~84.28%。区块整体含气性显示较好,开发较为有利,其中以包括Y3、Y6等井在内的万宝山构造带为煤层气开发的最有利区带。  相似文献   

黔西地区构造变形特征及其煤层气地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

窦新钊  ;姜波  ;张文永  ;朱文伟  ;俞显忠  ;胡广青 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(8):54-59

黔西地区处于特提斯与滨太平洋两个构造域的交接地带,多期性质不同的构造作用形成了现今错综复杂的构造变形特征。根据构造变形的差异,可划分为织金-纳雍NE向构造变形区、水城-紫云NW向构造变形区和黔西南复杂构造变形区。在野外地质的基础上,结合微观变形特征和矿物流体包裹体测试分析,认为黔西地区构造变形属于上地壳低温-中低温环境下的脆性-脆韧性变形;由于黔西地区基底构造相对稳定,成煤期后断块内部变形较弱,煤储层形成了一定程度的构造裂隙,有助于渗透率的提高,煤层气勘探开发前景良好。  相似文献   

Experimental study of poromechanical behavior of saturated claystone under triaxial compression   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Da Wei Hu  Fan Zhang  Jian Fu Shao 《Acta Geotechnica》2014,9(2):207-214

This paper presents experimental results of drained and undrained triaxial compression tests of saturated Meuse–Haute/Marne claystone. The emphasis is to study the evolution of pore pressure with growth of microcracks and the effect of pore pressure on mechanical behavior. Basic mechanical responses are first investigated through drained triaxial compression tests, showing nonlinear stress strain relations, volumetric dilatancy and pressure sensitivity. In undrained triaxial compression tests, the pore pressure exhibits a transition from increase to decrease due to the transition from volumetric compressibility to dilatancy caused by the growth of microcracks. The failure surfaces, determined by total stress and Terzaghi’s effective stress under undrained condition, are compared with the one under drained condition.  相似文献   

Spatial heterogeneity of cyanobacteria-inoculated sand dunes significantly influences artificial biological soil crusts in the Hopq Desert (China)   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Hua Li  Benqiang Rao  Gaohong Wang  Si Shen  Dunhai Li  Chunxiang Hu  Yongding Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(1):245-253

Artificial biological soil crusts (ABSCs), formed by inoculating Microcoleus vaginatus Gom. and Scytonema javanicum Born. et Flah. onto the topsoil of desert dunes, proved to be effective tools for the stabilization of moving dunes and promotion of soil fertility. As dominant driving forces in arid habitats, the abiotic environmental conditions of undulating dunes produce a gradient of abiotic stresses on cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are considered pioneering phototrophs in early soil crust communities in deserts. In this study, the development of ABSCs under various environmental site conditions was investigated using 16S rRNA-based polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and soil property measurements. After inoculation in 2002 and long-term development, patchy moss crusts were observed on the dunes. All of the available sequenced bands in the DGGE gels belonged to Oscillatoriales and Nostocales. The dominant Nostocales genus in the ABSCs was still Scytonema; however, more Oscillatoriales genera were identified, which belonged to Microcoleus and Phormidium. The cyanobacterial compositions of different slope types were significantly distinct (p < 0.05), particularly those from windward slopes. The crusts of the top-dune slopes were more heterogeneous. In addition, the soil physicochemical properties and richness indices of the windward slopes were significantly lower than those of the leeward and interdune slopes (p < 0.05). Compared with uninoculated control dunes, all of the inoculated dunes had far higher biodiversities.  相似文献   

Variation of albedo to soil moisture for sand dunes and biological soil crusts in arid desert ecosystems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ya-feng Zhang  Xin-ping Wang  Rui Hu  Yan-xia Pan  Hao Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1281-1288

Surface albedo plays a crucial role in the energy balance of soils. The surface albedo and surface soil moisture of bare sand and biological soil crusts (BSCs) were concurrently observed on field plots of shifting sand dune and in revegetated desert ecosystems at Shapotou, northwestern China, to study relationships between surface albedo, solar elevation angle, and surface soil moisture. Results indicated that rainfall exerted a remarkable lowering effect on the variation of surface albedo by increasing surface soil moisture. Surface albedo was an exponential function of solar elevation angle, and the normalized surface albedo (solar elevation angle effect was removed) decreased exponentially with the increase of surface soil moisture. Sand surface had a higher albedo (0.266) than BSCs (0.226) when the surfaces were very dry. However, sand surface albedo became increasingly lower than that of BSCs when the surfaces were in wet conditions and when the soil moisture exceeded a critical value. The changes in soil surface albedo from sand dune to BSCs after revegetation in shallow soil profiles associated with the variation of the surface soil moisture can be seen as an indicator of the degree of sand dune stabilization when compared with the original shifting sand dune soil.  相似文献   

The effect of desertification on carbon and nitrogen status in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau     

Junfeng Lu  Zhibao Dong  Wenjin Li  Guangyin Hu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):807-815

Environmental degradation resulting from desertification often accelerates biodiversity loss and alters carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks within grassland ecosystem. In order to evaluate the effect of desertification on plant diversity and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks, species compositions and C and N contents in plants and soil were investigated along five regions with different degrees of desertification in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (control, light, moderate, severe and very severe stages). The study showed: (1) species composition and richness changed significantly with the development of grassland desertification; (2) the aboveground biomass C and N contents in the control were 101.60 and 4.03 g m^?2, respectively. Compared to the control, the aboveground tissue C and N contents significantly decreased from light, moderate, severe to very severe stages. (3) The root C and N contents in the control in 0–40 cm depth are 1,372.83 and 31.49 g m^?2, respectively, while the root C and N contents in 0–40 cm were also declining from the control, light, moderate, severe to very severe stages. (4) Compared to the plant, the soil made a greater contribution for C and N distribution, in which the soil organic C and total N contents in 0–40 cm depth in the control are 20,386.70 and 3,587.89 g m^?2, respectively. At the same time, soil organic C and N contents also decreased significantly from the control to very severe stages. These results suggest that grassland desertification not only alters species compositions and leads to the loss of plant diversity, but also results in greater loss of organic C and N in alpine meadow, in which there is a negative effect on reducing greenhouse gas emission.  相似文献   

Field experiments and numerical simulations of whirlpool foundation pit dewatering     

Jianxiu Wang  Tianrong Huang  Jian Hu  Lingao Wu  Guo Li  Ping Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(7):3245-3257

A whirlpool foundation pit is a small-diameter, deep circular pit. Because of its depth and small diameter, a large drawdown is required, and a limited number of wells can be installed inside the pit. During excavation, partially penetrating wells inside and outside the foundation pit have to be installed to lower the water level when the aquifer is too thick. However, partially penetrating wells near partially penetrating curtains cannot be treated by analytical methods. Therefore, it is necessary to use numerical methods to predict dewatering during excavation. Field experiments were performed on whirlpool foundation pit 1880 of Baosteel Group, Shanghai, China, to obtain pumping rates and drawdown, pumping with a single well and two wells in the confined aquifer. The results indicate that the drawdown inside the pit induced by pumping wells outside the foundation pit was small, whereas it was large for pumping wells inside the pit. The pumping wells inside and outside the pit had to be combined to lower the water level. A three-dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate the dewatering process. The hydraulic conductivities of the confined aquifers were inversed by using the pumping tests. Operation schedules were simulated with the corrected model for different combinations of wells inside and outside the pit. The results suggest that different schedules and operation conditions affect drawdown. The monitored results during dewatering indicate that the simulation and field measurements were in agreement. The results can be applied to similar situations.  相似文献   

Accumulation and ecological effects of soil heavy metals in conventional and organic greenhouse vegetable production systems in Nanjing,China   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Yong Chen  Biao Huang  Wenyou Hu  David C. Weindorf  Xiaoxiao Liu  Lanqin Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3605-3616

The spatial variability of soil heavy metals in conventional and organic greenhouse vegetable production (CGVP and OGVP) systems can reveal the influence of different farming activities on their accumulation and plant uptake. This provides important basic data for soil utilization and pollution risk assessment. Based on horizontal and vertical spatial analysis, this paper presents the spatial variability and accumulation of soil heavy metals. The effects on plant uptake and factors influencing heavy metal accumulation are presented using the two typical greenhouse vegetable sites in Nanjing City, China as examples. Results showed that different greenhouse vegetable production systems had their own dominant heavy metal accumulation, specifically, Hg and Pb in CGVP system and Cd in OGVP system. The spatial analysis showed that horizontally, distribution of soil properties and heavy metal concentrations in the two sites showed decreases from specific regions to the periphery for organic matter (OM), Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in CGVP and OM, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in OGVP. Vertically, soil properties and heavy metals mainly vary in the topsoil. The key factor for the accumulation was excess fertilizer input. Variation of soil properties and the accumulation of soil heavy metals significantly influenced heavy metal uptake by plants. However, accumulation risk varied according to different heavy metals and different plant species. Environmental management of these two kinds of production systems should pay more attention to fertilizer application, plant selection, and soil properties.  相似文献