Integrated Reservoir Characterization and Petrophysical Analysis of Cretaceous Sands in Lower Indus Basin,Pakistan     

Perveiz Khalid  Muhammad Irfan Ehsan  Sohail Akram  Zia Ud Din  Shahid Ghazi 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,92(4):465-470

The reservoir character of the Cretaceous sand is evaluated in Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan where water flooding is very common. Thus, prediction of subsurface structure, lithology and reservoir characterization is fundamental for a successful oil or gas discovery. Seismic reflective response is an important tool to detect sub-surface structure. Seismic reflection response is not enough to highlight geological boundaries and fluids in the pore space therefore, the use of integrated approach is vital to map sub-surface heterogeneities with high level of confidence. Based on seismic character and continuity of prominent reflectors four seismic horizons are marked on the seismic sections. All the strata is highly disturbed and distorted with presence of a network of fault bounded horst and graben structures, which indicate that the area was under compressional tectonic regime. These fault bounded geological structure formed structural traps favorable for the accumulation of hydrocarbon. The petrophysical analysis reveals that the Cretaceous sand formation has four types of sand: Sand A, B, C and D with good porosity (15 % average) and low volume of shale. Although complete petroleum system is present with structural traps and reservoir character of sand interval is very good but these sands are highly saturated with water thus are water flooded, which is the main reason of the abundant wells in the study area.  相似文献   

Seismic hazard and probability assessment of Kashmir valley,northwest Himalaya,India     

Rakesh Chandra  Javid Ahmad Dar  Shakil Ahmad Romshoo  Irfan Rashid  Imtiyaz A. Parvez  Sareer Ahmad Mir  Midhat Fayaz 《Natural Hazards》2018,93(3):1451-1477

Seismic hazard analysis of the northwest Himalayan belt was carried out by using extreme value theory (EVT). The rate of seismicity (a value) and recurrence intervals with the given earthquake magnitude (b value) was calculated from the observed data using Gutenberg–Richter Law. The statistical evaluation of 12,125 events from 1902 to 2017 shows the increasing trend in their inter-arrival times. The frequency–magnitude relation exhibits a linear downslope trend with negative slope of 0.8277 and positive intercept of 4.6977. The empirical results showed that the annual risk probability of high magnitude earthquake M?≥?7.7 in 50 years is 88% with recurrence period of 47 years, probability of M?≤?7.5 in 50 years is 97% with recurrence period of 27 years, and probability of M?≤?6.5 in 50 years is 100% with recurrence period of 4 years. Kashmir valley, located in the NW Himalaya, encompasses a peculiar tectonic and structural setup. The patterns of the present and historical seismicity records of the valley suggest a long-term strain accumulation along NNW and SSE extensions with the decline in the seismic gap, posing a potential threat of earthquakes in the future. The Kashmir valley is characterized by the typical lithological, tectono-geomorphic, geotechnical, hydrogeological and socioeconomic settings that augment the earthquake vulnerability associated with the seismicity of the region. The cumulative impact of the various influencing parameters therefore exacerbates the seismic hazard risk of the valley to future earthquake events.  相似文献   

Earthquake analysis results at the Iraq-Iran border     

Ahlam Rashid Khekan 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(Z1):259-259

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Bearing capacity of soft soil model treated with end-bearing bottom ash columns     

Razieh Moradi  Aminaton Marto  Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid  Mohammad Moeen Moradi  Abideen Adekunle Ganiyu  Suksun Horpibulsuk 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(3):100

Granular column technique is a soil improvement method used to increase the bearing capacity of a soft soil area by replacing the soil with a group of granular column materials. The by-product utilisation is a worldwide interest for sustainable infrastructure development. Bottom ash, which is a combustion deposit derived from coal burning, is a potential by-product that could be used alternatively to sand or aggregate as a green granular column material. This research is to study the potential use of the bottom ash column-improved soft clay by conducting a series of small-scale physical modelling test. The bearing capacity behaviour and failure mode of soft clay improved with end-bearing group of bottom ash columns with and without geotextile encasement are investigated. The bearing capacity of soft clay is significantly enhanced by the inclusion of bottom ash columns; that is, 239% of bearing capacity improvement is observed with only 13% of improvement area. The bulging of the bottom ash column is transferred to buckling failure with higher bearing capacity when the bottom ash column is encased by geotextile. The outcome of this research leads to the usage of bottom ash by-product as a granular column material in sustainable soil improvement technique.  相似文献   

Development of Rapid Consolidation Equipment for Cohesive Soil   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Khairul Anuar Kassim  Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid  Ahmad Beng Hong Kueh  Chong Siaw Yah  Lam Chee Siang  Norhazilan Mohd Noor  Hossein Moayedi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2015,33(1):167-174

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Nonlinear analysis of seasonality and stochasticity of the Indus River     

Syed Ahmad Hassan  M. Rashid Kamal Ansari 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):250-265

Abstract

One of the world's largest irrigation networks, based on the Indus River system in Pakistan, faces serious scarcity of water in one season and disastrous floods in another. The system is dominated both by monsoon and by snow and glacier dynamics, which confer strong seasonal and inter-annual variability. In this paper two different forecasting methods are utilized to analyse the long-term seasonal behaviour of the Indus River. The study also assesses whether the strong seasonal behaviour is dominated by the presence of low-dimensional nonlinear dynamics, or whether the periodic behaviour is simply immersed in random fluctuations. Forecasts obtained by nonlinear prediction (NLP) and the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) methods show that the performance of NLP is relatively better than the SARIMA method. This, along with the low values of the correlation dimension, is indicative of low-dimensional nonlinear behaviour of the hydrological dynamics. A relatively better performance of NLP, using an inverse technique, may also be indicative of the low-dimensional behaviour. Moreover, the embedding dimension of the best NLP forecasts is in good agreement with the estimated correlation dimension. This provides evidence that the nonlinearity inherent in the monthly river flow due to the snowmelt and the monsoon variations dominate over the high-dimensional components and might be exploited for prediction and modelling of the complex hydrological system.

Citation Hassan, S. A. & Ansari, M. R. K. (2010) Nonlinear analysis of seasonality and stochasticity of the Indus River. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(2), 250–265.  相似文献   

Hybrid genetic algorithms in view of the evolution theories with application for the electrical sounding method     

Ahmet T. Ba&#;okur  Irfan Akça  Nedal W.A. Siyam 《Geophysical Prospecting》2007,55(3):393-406

The classical genetic algorithm is a stochastic process which operates by natural selection. Although the algorithm may localize a point around the global minimum of the misfit function, it is not efficient at finding the precise solution. This paper suggests some hybrid genetic algorithms, derived from evolution theories, to overcome this problem. Firstly, sexual selection has been incorporated in the classical genetic algorithm to obtain a full representation of the Darwinist evolution concept. The simulation of sexual selection is performed by assigning a higher probability of surviving to some parameters that satisfy some algebraic relationships. This method is called the ‘marked constraints’ algorithm since it permits us to insert geological and geophysical constraints into the problem. The algorithm implementation is realized by progressively shrinking the parameter search space through successive generations. In this way, the genetic algorithm gains some degree of determinism. Secondly, since the evolution theory of Lamarck postulates that the acquired traits are passed on to the next generation, a hybrid use of the damped least‐squares method and the genetic algorithm is called Lamarckian inversion. Lamarckian inversion involves some improvement procedures that simulate the reduction of the misfit with the help of a derivative‐based method between two generations. Finally, although there is no correspondence in nature, Lamarckian and Darwinist evolution concepts are combined to strengthen the deterministic part of the solution algorithm. This is called the Lamarckian‐marked‐constraint algorithm. The merits and behaviours of the suggested algorithms are discussed using two examples. The first is a hypothetical example affected by a multiminima problem. The second examines the equivalence problem using vertical electrical sounding data.  相似文献   

Site selection for hazardous wastes: A case study from the GAP area, Turkey     

Mehmet Irfan Yesilnacar  Hasan Cetin 《Engineering Geology》2005,81(4):371-388

The increase in the popularity of using environmental design criteria in town and country planning has brought about the need to fully identify the principles to determine the best location of hazardous wastes to be landfilled. This environmental management issue has received considerable attention because of its applications in urban and rural infrastructure planning, industrial development planning as well as health, housing, transportation and agricultural schemes. This paper explains a method to determine how to locate suitable sites for hazardous waste landfilling area by using the site screening study. It demonstrates how the criteria such as geology, topography, land use, climate, earthquake and other related factors can be introduced into the overlayer technique to determine the suitable site selection in a region. The research was undertaken in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (known as GAP in Turkey) region where identifying the land resources is crucial for agricultural and water management purposes. The paper also explains the validity of the method employed on the site selection process for hazardous wastes. The introduced method may enable more accurate design procedure for planning in environmental management in future.  相似文献   

The structure of urban space, movement and co-presence: The case of Atlanta     

John Peponis  Catherine Ross  Mahbub Rashid 《Geoforum》1997,28(3-4)

Urban areas in Atlanta are analyzed using a computer based technique known as ‘space syntax’ to reveal an underlying systematic and consistent relationship between pedestrian or vehicular movement and spatial configuration. This provides a framework for discussing how far different urban morphologies are characterized by similar regular patterns; how design choices can affect the social use of space; and how methodological and theoretical issues, such as the study of the effects of scale, can be formulated with greater clarity.  相似文献   

Rapid analysis of risk assessment using developed simulation of chemical industrial accidents software package   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. El Harbawi Ph.D.  S. Mustapha Ph.D.  T. S. Y. Choong Ph.D.  S. Abdul Rashid Ph.D.  S. A. S. A. Kadir Ph.D.  Z. Abdul Rashid M.Sc. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(1):53-64

The environmental consequences are defined as consequences of accidental release of hazardous substances to the natural environment. This release can lead to many hazards depending on the material stored. The consequences of these hazards to the environment are widespread and have significant importance to human communities living in the surroundings. The mathematical models are extremely useful tools to predict the impacts of chemical process accidents. The objective of this paper is to develop a software package for accident simulation and damage potential estimation. The software is coded in visual basic and is compatible with windows working environments. The software is called Simulation of chemical industrial accident. This application is a comprehensive software package which can be integrated with geographical information system to predict and display the consequence of chemical hazards. The software is a user-friendly and effective tool for evaluating the consequences of major chemical accidents, process decision making for land-use planning, namely locating suitable hazardous installations, hazardous waste disposal areas and emergency response plan.  相似文献