REANALYSIS OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS TO RESUME PAST VEGETATION AND ENVIRONMENT——Taking Fenzhuang Profile in Beijing as an Example   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张佳华 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1998,(3)

Ｉ．ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ,ｇｌｏｂａｌｃｌｉｍａｔｅｃｈａｎｇｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙｐａｉｄａｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｙ．Ｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｓｆｒｏｍｌｏｃ...  相似文献   

从科尔沁沙地分析不同生态水平因子对脆弱生态环境景观扰动的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张佳华  姚凤梅 《地理科学进展》1998,17(1):80-85

脆弱生态环境是影响生存环境,导致环境日趋恶化的不稳定因素。本文以科尔沁沙地为例,从景观和景观生态出发,论述影响脆弱生态环境景观不稳定性的各生态等级尺度的扰动因子,即个体生态、种群生态、生态位、群落生态、生态系统。同时文章认为各种干扰的实质是能流、物流、信息流的传递,分析各生态等级尺度扰动因子有助于建立景观生态模型,从而更好地研究脆弱生态环境及其景观扰动。  相似文献   

后京都国际气候协定的谈判趋势与对策思考   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

潘家华 《气候变化研究进展》2005,1(1):10-15

国际气候制度的谈判错综复杂。然而,2012年以后国际气候承诺的基础,仍将取决于各国的政治意愿、经济利益和科学认知。谈判的平台不仅限于缔约方会议,也可能是缔约方会议体制外的双边、多边乃至单边形式,而且,协议内容将涉及减排、适应、技术、低碳发展等,最终将可能形成在可持续发展框架下适应与减缓气候变化的综合性一揽子协议。中国在未来20 a或更长时间仍将处于快速工业化和城市化的进程,对协议内容的选择只能是弱化各种风险,规避刚性约束,需要积极参与国际规制的制定,保障并强化中国的可持续发展。  相似文献   

藏北那曲地区草地和未利用土地动态变化及原因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张佳华  郑凌云 《山地学报》2005,23(6):672-677

根据1990年和2000年2期那曲土地利用馒盖分类图,运用GIS的空间分析和数理统计功能,分析那曲地区草地退化和未利用土地的增加情况,并结合气象资料和人口资料分析这些变化的原因。结果表明：10a间,那曲地区未利用地增加;草地减少,突出表现为草地向未利用地转化。草地向林地和耕地转化,导致这种结果的主要原因是由于人类的社会经济活动造成的,人类社会经济活动引起这一地区土地利用变化的强度已经超过自然因子所能达到的强度,起到了绝对的主导作用。  相似文献   

基于面板数据的我国海洋渔业经济的影响因素          下载免费PDF全文

乐家华  卞杰 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(6):15-19

本研究选取海洋渔业固定资产投资额、海洋渔业劳动力数量、海洋捕捞生产率和海水养殖生产率4个变量,提出影响因素假设;选取我国沿海地区海洋渔业的面板数据,进行模型设定和数据检验。通过确定变截距固定效应的回归模型形式,对模型进行估计和分析,结果表明:海洋渔业固定资产投资额、海洋渔业劳动力数量和海水养殖生产率与海洋渔业经济呈正相关,影响度由大到小依次为劳动力因素、资本因素和生产率因素,而海洋捕捞生产率的影响基本不显著;各地区海洋渔业经济发展程度不一,且差距明显。在此基础上,提出促进我国海洋渔业经济发展的对策建议:加强专业人才集聚;提高资本投入,完善资本市场建设;提高海水养殖生产率,数量和品质兼备;推动区域一体化联动发展。  相似文献   

Combining otolith elemental signatures with multivariate analytical models to verify the migratory pattern of Japanese Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) in the southern Yellow Sea     

Xindong Pan  Zhenjiang Ye  Binduo Xu  Tao Jiang  Jian Yang  Jiahua Cheng  Yongjun Tian 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(12):54-64

Japanese Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus niphonius, is a commercially important, highly migratory species that is widely distributed throughout the northwestern Pacific region. However, its life history and migratory patterns are only partially understood. This study used otolith chemistry to investigate the migratory pattern of S. niphonius in the southern Yellow Sea, an important fishing ground. Transverse sections of otoliths from 15 age-1 spawning or spent individuals, comprising up to one complete migration cycle, were analyzed from the core to the margin by using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The ratios of the element to Ca were integrated with microstructural analysis to produce age-related elemental profiles. Combining multi-elemental analysis of otolith composition with multivariate analytical models, we quantified structural changes in otolith chemistry profiles. Results revealed there were diverse changing patterns of otolith chemistry profiles for detected elements and the elements of Na, Mg, Sr and Ba were important for the chronological signal. Five clusters were identified through chronological clustering, representing the five life stages from the early stage to the spawning stage. Variation of Ba:Ca ratio was most informative, showing a step-decreasing pattern in the first four stages and a rebound in the spawning stage. These results support the hypothesized migratory pattern of S. niphonius: hatching and spending their early life in the coastal sandy ridges system of the southern Yellow Sea, migrating northeastward and offshore for feeding during juvenile stage, aggregating in early October and migrating outward to the Jeju Island for wintering, and returning to the coastal waters for spawning. This study demonstrated the value of life-history related otolith chemistry profiles combined with multivariate analytical models was a means to verify the migration patterns of S. niphonius at regional scales with potential application in fisheries assessment and management.  相似文献   

Reanalysis of principal component analysis to resume past vegetation and environment     

Zhang Jiahua 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1997,8(3):225-231

In the paper 11 pollen types were selected from the original pollen and spore records of 54 samples in Fenzhuang profile of Beijing region, then 54 × 11 matrix was set up. Based on the pollen data of Fenzhuang profile from the Late Pleistocene to the Early Holocene, the paper gives a further analysis to subdivide zone of the pollen assemblages and changes of paleovegetation and paleoenvironment in this area using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA can play an complementary role for subdividing zone, at the same time, it can eliminate the difference to subdivide zone of the pollen assemblages caused by artificial factors. Finally to the biodiversity in plant communities and complex geographical environment in Beijing region, using great dispersal of accumulative percent of total in PCA (for cumulative rate only 57% from the first three factors of PCA), may sufficiently correspond to the environmental characteristic, so as to recover past climate condition much better. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49571066, 39470132).  相似文献   

The influence of materials on the breaching process of natural dams     

Jiang Xiangang  Huang Jiahua  Wei Yunwei  Niu Zhipan  Chen Fenghui  Zou Zuyin  Zhu Zhanyuan 《Landslides》2018,15(2):243-255

In this study, a series of natural dam overtopping laboratory tests are reported. In these tests, the effect of seven different sediment mixtures on the breaching process was investigated. According to the test results, three stages of the breaching process of natural dams made of different materials were observed. Backward erosion was the primary cause for the incising slopes. The effects of backward erosion became stronger with the larger fines contents of the materials. With an increase in the median diameter (d ₅₀) of particles, the breaching time became longer. However, the peak discharge became smaller. With an increase in the fines contents (p), the median diameter of the particles and the void ratio were changed, which resulted in a decrease in the breaching time and an increase in the peak discharge. The breaching time and peak discharge were more sensitive to the median diameter than to the fines contents. The relation between breach width and depth was found to follow a logistic function \( W\kern0.5em =\kern0.5em \frac{\zeta }{1\kern0.5em +\kern0.5em {e}^{\left(-k\left(D\kern0.5em -\kern0.5em {D}_0\right)\right)}} \). The parameters ζ, k, and D ₀ are defined by a linear relationship with the median diameter and fines content. A breach of the side slope occurred as a tensile failure when the fines contents of the materials were large; otherwise, shear failure occurred. Furthermore, when the materials had fewer fines contents, the volume of the collapsed breach side slope became larger.  相似文献   

Dynamics of carbon fluxes with responses to vegetation,meteorological and terrain factors in the south-eastern Tibetan Plateau     

Yan Jiang  Peng Wang  Xiangde Xu  Jiahua Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(11):4551-4565

Tibetan Plateau (TP) is the highest and most extensive plateau in the world and has been known as the roof of the world, and it is sensitive to climate change. The researches of CO₂ fluxes (F _C) in the TP region play a significant role in understanding regional and global carbon balance and climate change. Eddy covariance flux measurements were conducted at three sites of south-eastern TP comprising Dali (DL, cropland ecosystem), LinZhi (LZ, alpine meadow ecosystem) and Wenjiang (WJ, cropland ecosystem); amongst those DL and LZ are located in plateau region, while WJ is in plain region. Dynamics of F _C and influences of vegetation, meteorological (air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, soil temperature and soil water content) and terrain factors (altitude) were analysed on the basis of data taken during 2008. The results showed that, in the cool sub-season (March, April, October and December), carbon sink appeared even in December with fluxes of (?0.021 to ?0.05) mg CO₂ m^?2 s^?1 and carbon source only in October (0.03 ± 0.0048) mg CO₂ m^?2 s^?1 in DL and WJ site. In LZ site, carbon sink was observed in April: (?0.036 ± 0.0023) mg CO₂ m^?2 s^?1 and carbon sources in December and March (0.008–0.010 mg CO₂ m^?2 s^?1). In the hot sub-season (May–August), carbon source was observed only in May with (0.011 ± 0.0022), (0.104 ± 0.0029) and (0.036 ± 0.0017) fluxes in LZ, DL and WJ site, respectively, while carbon sinks with (?0.021 ± 0.0041), (?0.213 ± 0.0007) and (?0.110 ± 0.0015) mg CO₂ m^?2 s^?1 fluxes in LZ, DL, and WJ, respectively. Comparing with plain region (WJ), carbon sinks in plateau region (DL and LZ) lasted for a longer time, and the absorption sum was large and up to (–357.718 ± 0.0054) and (?371.111 ± 0.0039) g C m^?2 year^?1, respectively. The LZ site had the weakest carbon sink with (?178.547 ± 0.0070) g C m^?2 year^?1. Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that altitude (AL) as an independent factor explained 39.5 % of F _C (P < 0.026). F _C had a quadratic relationship with Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (R ² ranges from 0.485 to 0.640 for three sites), an exponential relationship with soil temperature at 5-cm depth (ST ₅) at night time and a quadratic relationship with air temperature (T _a) at day time. Path analysis indicated that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), sensible heat fluxes (H) and other factors all had direct or indirect effects on F _C in all of the three tested sites around the south-eastern TP.  相似文献   

基于蒸散干旱指数的华北地区干旱研究     

邵小路  姚凤梅  张佳华  李先华 《气象》2013,39(9):1154-1162

本文利用卫星遥感资料以及常规气象资料驱动基于地表净辐射、植被指数、平均气温和日温差的蒸散模型来估测日实际蒸散量,并与栾城站涡动相关法测量的实际蒸散作对比验证。定性分析了实际蒸散与各相关影响因子的时空变化规律;通过蒸散干旱指数（EDI）分析华北地区的干旱分布特点,并分别与PDSI指数和降水距平百分率作对比。结果表明：ET模型估测的蒸散值与实测值的相关性很好,其模拟精度对于大面积干旱监测的空间尺度上是可用的;EDI距平指数表征干旱分布的空间分辨率较高,且对旱情的指示和干旱程度的判定比较可靠。  相似文献