Investigation of the relationship between runoff and atmospheric oscillations,sea surface temperature,and local‐scale climate variables in the Yellow River headwaters region          下载免费PDF全文

Haibo Chu  Jiahua Wei  Jiaye Li  Tiejian Li 《水文研究》2018,32(10):1434-1448

The Yellow River headwaters region (YRHR) contributes nearly 40% of total flow in the Yellow River basin, which is suffering from a serious water shortage problem. Investigation of the relationship between runoff and climate variables is important for understanding the variation trend of runoff in the YRHR under global climate change. Global and local climate variables, including the West Pacific subtropical high; northern hemisphere polar vortex (NH); Tibetan Plateau Index B (TPI‐B); southern oscillation index; sea surface temperature; and precipitation, evaporation, and temperature, were fully considered to explore the relationship with runoff at Jimai, Maqu, and Tangnaihai stations from 1956 to 2014. The results reveal that runoff had a decreasing trend, which will likely be maintained in the future, and there was a significant change in runoff around 1995 at all stations. Correlation analysis indicated that runoff was dominated by precipitation, NH, temperature, and TPI‐B, and a substantial correlation was observed with sea surface temperature and evaporation, but there was little correlation with West Pacific subtropical high and southern oscillation index. Furthermore, impacts of climate change on runoff variations were distinctly different at different temporal scales. Three dominant runoff periodicities were identified by a singular spectrum analysis‐multitaper method and continuous wavelet transform, that is, 1.0‐, 6.9‐, and 24.8‐year runoff periodicities. In addition, runoff was positively correlated with temperature at a 1‐year periodicity, negatively correlated with TPI‐B at a 6.9‐year periodicity, and positively correlated with NH at a 24.8‐year periodicity, that is, temperature, TPI‐B, and NH‐controlled runoff at annual, interannual, and interdecadal scales. Further, all analyses of the stations in the YRHR showed excellent consistency. The results will provide valuable information for water resource management in the YRHR.  相似文献   

Temperature biases in modeled polar climate and adoption of physical parameterization schemes     

LIU Xiying  ZHAO Jiahua  XIA Huasheng  BAI Tonggui  ZHANG Tao 《极地研究(英文版)》2012,23(1):30-40

An annual cycle of atmospheric variations for 1989 in the Arctic has been simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model. A severe cold bias was found around a cold center in surface air temperature over the Arctic Ocean, compared with results from ERA-Interim reanalysis. Four successive numerical experiments have been carried out to find out the reasons for this. The results show that the sea ice albedo scheme has the biggest influence in summer, and the effect of the cloud microphysics scheme is significant in both summer and winter. The effect of phase transition between ice and water has the biggest influence over the region near the sea ice edge in summer, and contributes little to improvement of the severe cold bias. The origi- nal crude albedo parameterization in the surface process scheme is the main reason for the large simulated cold bias of the cold center in summer. With a different land surface scheme than in the control run, cold biases of simulated surface air temperature over the Arctic Ocean are greatly reduced, by as much as 10 K, implying that the land surface scheme is critical for polar climate simulation.  相似文献   

Characterizing the interaction of groundwater and surface water in the karst aquifer of Fangshan,Beijing (China)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Haibo Chu  Jiahua Wei  Rong Wang  Baodong Xin 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(2):575-588

Correct understanding of groundwater/surface-water (GW–SW) interaction in karst systems is of greatest importance for managing the water resources. A typical karst region, Fangshan in northern China, was selected as a case study. Groundwater levels and hydrochemistry analyses, together with isotope data based on hydrogeological field investigations, were used to assess the GW–SW interaction. Chemistry data reveal that water type and the concentration of cations in the groundwater are consistent with those of the surface water. Stable isotope ratios of all samples are close to the local meteoric water line, and the ³H concentrations of surface water and groundwater samples are close to that of rainfall, so isotopes also confirm that karst groundwater is recharged by rainfall. Cross-correlation analysis reveals that rainfall leads to a rise in groundwater level with a lag time of 2 months and groundwater exploitation leads to a fall within 1 month. Spectral analysis also reveals that groundwater level, groundwater exploitation and rainfall have significantly similar response periods, indicating their possible inter-relationship. Furthermore, a multiple nonlinear regression model indicates that groundwater level can be negatively correlated with groundwater exploitation, and positively correlated with rainfall. The overall results revealed that groundwater level has a close correlation with groundwater exploitation and rainfall, and they are indicative of a close hydraulic connection and interaction between surface water and groundwater in this karst system.  相似文献   

矿床经济评价方案优选新方法探讨     

田家华 《华东地质学院学报》1992,(1)

矿床经济评价方案的优选是一个多目标、多方案的决策问题。本文简要而系统地介绍了矿床经济评价方案优选的几种新方法;多目标方案决策优序法、灰色局势决策法和灰色层次决策法,并运用这些方法对某金矿床经济评价方案优选进行了研究,取得了满意的效果。  相似文献   

多圈层陆面过程参数化研究中遥感信息应用的进展和方向   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

张佳华徐祥德  延晓冬毛飞 《应用气象学报》2003,14(6):745-755

近年来遥感技术的发展为多圈层中陆面过程和边界层研究提供了有力的工具。文章分析了目前用于陆面过程参数化研究的重要遥感信息源。并评述遥感信息在陆面过程参数化研究中的基本应用和存在问题，最后，提出发展方向和展望。  相似文献   

陆地表面复杂过程模式及耦合植物生态过程的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张佳华  陈开喜 《气象科学》2002,22(1):119-126

植物生态过程在陆面过程模式起重要作用，本文从陆面过程的发展历程分析植物生态过程与其耦合的状况，包括在耦合过程中先后出现的孤立的物理过程模式、简单的耦合生物过程模式、机理的植物生理－生物化学耦合模式、复杂的生物地球化学循环耦合模式和动态的生物地理模型耦合模式。最后探讨了陆面过程模式的进一步发展的方向。  相似文献   

遥感与气候信息开放研究实验室     

张佳华 《中国气象科学研究院年报》2004,(1):48-49

遥感与气候信息开放研究实验室由中国气象科学研究院、国家卫星气象中心、北京师范大学遥感与GIS研究中心联合组建。我国著名大气和遥感科学家周秀骥院士、陈联寿院士任顾问;李小文院士、童庆禧院士和许健民院士分别担任学术委员会正副主任;张佳华研究员、卢乃锰研究员和阎广建博士任实验室正、副主任。  相似文献   

Assessing the impacts of climate change on rice yields in the main rice areas of China   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

Fengmei Yao  Yinglong Xu  Erda Lin  Masayuki Yokozawa  Jiahua Zhang 《Climatic change》2007,80(3-4):395-409

This paper assesses the impact of climate change on irrigated rice yield using B2 climate change scenario from the Regional Climate Model (RCM) and CERES-rice model during 2071--2090. Eight typical rice stations ranging in latitude, longitude, and elevation that are located in the main rice ecological zones of China are selected for impact assessment. First, Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis (CERES)-rice model is validated using farm experiment data in selected stations. The simulated results represent satisfactorily the trend of flowering duration and yields. The deviation of simulation within ± 10% of observed flowering duration and ± 15% of observed yield. Second, the errors of the outputs of RCM due to the difference of topography between station point and grid point is corrected. The corrected output of the RCM used for simulating rice flowering duration and yield is more reliable than the not corrected. Without CO₂ direct effect on crop, the results from the assessment explore that B2 climate change scenario would have a negative impact on rice yield at most rice stations and have little impacts at Fuzhou and Kunming. To find the change of inter-annual rice yield, a preliminary assessment is made based on comparative cumulative probability at low and high yield and the coefficient variable of yield between the B2 scenario and baseline. Without the CO₂ direct effect on rice yield, the result indicates that frequency for low yield would increase and it reverses for high yield, and the variance for rice yield would increase. It is concluded that high frequency at low yield and high variances of rice yield could pose a threat to rice yield at most selected stations in the main rice areas of China. With the CO₂ direct effect on rice yield, rice yield increase in all selected stations.  相似文献   

沙尘暴影响下北京沙尘气溶胶的垂直分布及溯源分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邓梅  张佳华  蒋跃林 《气象科学》2015,35(5):550-557

采用云-大气气溶胶激光雷达红外探索卫星观测系统(Cloud-Aerosol Lidarand Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations,CALIPSO)资料,得出了2013年3月8-11日的一次途经新疆、甘肃、内蒙古等地的沙尘暴,对造成北京的沙尘天气影响下的沙尘气溶胶的空间垂直分布图。在此基础上研究了衰减后向散射系数、退偏振比、色比等光学特性参数。结果表明:在此次沙尘暴影响下造成的北京地区沙尘天气过程中,气溶胶的退偏振比在0.1~0.4之间,色比大于0.3。3月10-11日北京地区的沙尘气溶胶分布高度从3km以下被抬升至约4km。再利用欧拉-拉格朗日混合单粒子轨道模型(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model)和NAAPS全球气溶胶模式,模拟分析了这次沙尘的来源和传输过程,表明此次沙尘起源于南疆盆地和内蒙古中西部,影响甘肃大部、内蒙古中西部、宁夏、山西北部和河北西北部、北京等地区。并用双波长迭代反演法初步反演了3月10、11日北京地区处于沙尘天气情况下的气溶胶光学厚度,分别为0.334和0.621。  相似文献   

Turbulent variance characteristics of temperature and humidity over a non-uniform land surface for an agricultural ecosystem in China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高志球  卞林根  谌志刚  张佳华 《大气科学进展》2006,23(3):365-374

This paper describes the application of the variance method for flux estimation over a mixed agricultural region in China. Eddy covariance and flux variance measurements were conducted in a near-surface layer over a non-uniform land surface in the central plain of China from 7 June to 20 July 2002. During this period, the mean canopy height was about 0.50 m. The study site consisted of grass (10% of area), beans (15%), corn (15%) and rice (60%). Under unstable conditions, the standard deviations of temperature and water vapor density (normalized by appropriate scaling parameters), observed by a single instrument, followed the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. The similarity constants for heat (CT ) and water vapor (Cq) were 1.09 and 1.49, respectively. In comparison with direct measurements using eddy covariance techniques, the flux variance method, on average, underestimated sensible heat flux by 21% and latent heat flux by 24%, which may be attributed to the fact that the observed slight deviations (20% or 30% at most) of the similarity “constants” may be within the expected range of variation of a single instrument from the generally-valid relations.  相似文献