水平分层土层系统等效阻尼比的简化计算方法     

殷琳  楼梦麟  康帅 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(1):10-23

在实际工程场地中,很多土层可视为水平分层,各层土的物理和力学性质存在差异,其中包括土的振动阻尼比。本文讨论水平分层土层系统的等效阻尼比的近似计算方法,基于5个不同的加权函数推导了10种等效阻尼比的计算公式。通过2个算例,分别以等效阻尼比为参数计算水平分层土层的地震反应,并与准确解相比较,分析了不同等效阻尼比近似计算方法的计算精度。数值结果表明,若等效阻尼比计算方法选择不恰当,会导致土层地震反应的计算结果出现较大误差。针对2种不同类型的水平分层土层,建议采用基于三角形分布的加权函数来计算土层系统的等效阻尼比。  相似文献   

Impacts of different vegetation restoration options on gully head soil resistance and soil erosion in loess tablelands     

Mingming Guo  Wenlong Wang  Tianchao Wang  Wenxin Wang  Hongliang Kang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(4):1038-1050

Vegetation restoration is identified as an effective approach to control soil erosion and affects soil detachment and resistance to concentrated flow on the Loess Plateau. However, the effects of vegetation restoration at gully heads in loess-tableland remains unclear. This study was performed to investigate the effects of nine vegetation restoration types at gully heads on soil detachment rate (Dr) and soil resistance to concentrated flow (i.e. soil erodibility, K_r and critical shear stress, τ_c). Undisturbed soil samples were collected from nine vegetation-restored lands and one slope cropland (as the control) and were subjected to a hydraulic flume to obtain Dr values of gully heads under six inflow discharges (0.5–3.5 L s^-1). The results showed that the Dr values of nine revegetated gully heads were 77.11% to 95.81% less than that of slope cropland, and the grassland dominated by Cleistogenes caespitosa and the shrubland dominated by Hippophae rhamnoides had a relatively greater decrease in Dr than those of other seven restoration types. The Dr value of nine revegetated gully heads could be better simulated by stream power than by flow velocity and shear stress and was also significantly affected by soil disintegration rate (positively), soil bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content, and water-stable aggregate stability (negatively). Additionally, roots with diameters of 0 to 0.5 mm showed a greater effect on Dr than those with larger diameters. Compared to cropland, the nine restored types reduced K_r by 76.26% to 94.26% and improved τ_c by 1.51 to 4.68 times. The decrease in K_r and the increase in τ_c were significantly affected by organic matter content, water-stable aggregate, mean weight diameter of aggregate and root mass density. The combination of grass species (Cleistogenes caespitosa) and shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides) could be considered the best vegetation restoration types for improving soil resistance of gully heads to concentrated flow. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Quantitative reconstruction of Holocene sediment sources contributing to the central Jiangsu coast,China: New insights into source-to-sink processes     

Yang Yang  Jianjun Jia  Liang Zhou  Jianhua Gao  Wenhua Gao  Benwei Shi  Zhanhai Li  Ya Ping Wang  Shu Gao 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(11):2463-2477

Coastal deltaic deposits are the primary locations for sediment storage on Earth, and quantifying their source contributions is a critical prerequisite for delineating S2S patterns in marginal seas. In most cases, quantification for the contribution by fine-grained sediments (i.e. particle size < 63 μm) is considered to be representative to constrain the overall sediment supply. However, this approach may be inappropriate because large differences exist between the two quantities. Here we propose an approach to solve the problem, which is based on the maximum number of tracers from multiple sediment size fractions incorporating the content of all size fractions of sediment. Using this approach, absolute source contributions during the Holocene are reconstructed that provide a first-order model for the S2S pattern of the central Jiangsu coast, China. The Huanghe River is the strongest driver for the Holocene sedimentation, with a mean contribution of ~72 ± 6% (1417 × 10⁸ t). The absolute contributions from the Changjiang and offshore areas were of secondary importance, (i.e. ~17 ± 1% (330 × 10⁸ t) and ~11 ± 5% (217 × 10⁸ t), respectively). The results show that a large difference between the relative and absolute source contributions and the assumption that the relative contribution represents the absolute contribution is invalid in a coastal setting. The impact of the Huanghe is mainly based on episodic events, such as the event of 1128–1855 AD . The model also reveals that the offshore sediments are as important as the Changjiang sediments for the central Jiangsu coast during the Holocene. Thus, the model provides both the time series and overall quantities of sediment supply during the formation and evolution of the Holocene tidal flats on the Jiangsu coast. Our findings shed new light on quantitative analysis of sediment sources applicable to future S2S studies of marginal seas. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

小高层住宅结构方案--大开洞剪力墙与异型柱框剪结构对比分析     

侯书利  汪明栋  徐若娅  康丽 《地震工程与工程振动》2006,26(3):148-151

通过对某小区小高层住宅2种结构方案的综合讨论,分析了小高层住宅的合理结构型式,提出了设计建议可供工程设计参考。异型柱框架-剪力墙结构框架柱布置灵活、隐蔽性好,但其柱截面不规则、计算理论不成熟、抗震能力较差、构造措施不理想、而且建筑自振周期长,侧向位移大,难以用于较高的高层住宅和抗震烈度较高的地区;大开洞剪力墙结构受力明确、计算理论成熟,又有较为精确的计算程序,而且墙厚可以在规范允许的范围内减薄,从而进一步降低了工程造价。通过2种方案比较,认为大开洞剪力墙体系与异型柱框剪结构相比,配筋总量基本接近,但其侧移较小,具有较好的延性,可应用于小高层住宅和地震烈度较高地区并可取得显著经济效益。  相似文献   

引起大地电场变化的一些因素   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

韩和平  王长江  任佳  康有明  马佳  解用明 《地震地磁观测与研究》2006,27(1):56-60

对河北省4个电场台站3年多的大地电场资料进行了全面的分析、整理,总结出引起大地电场变化的一些因素,这对我们认识资料有所帮助。对分析和利用大地电场资料有一定意义。  相似文献   

甘肃礼县金山金矿床品位变化特征及其找矿预测   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

吴辉  段焕春  汪树栋  李鸣凤  康利祥 《地质与勘探》2006,42(2):19-23

通过对金山金矿床地质特征的研究,发现金矿体深部向东侧伏,指出主矿体品位在走向上具明显的近等间距变富现象,变富距在220～240m之间;金矿体品位呈波状变化,其波峰的侧伏角为35°;矿体向深部品位有变富的趋势.根据矿床中稳定同位素、微量元素地球化学特征及矿床产出的空间位置、控矿构造条件等综合分析,该矿床属变质热液改造型层控矿床,中泥盆统李坝群是本区重要的金矿矿源层,该矿成因与中川等花岗岩体无直接关系,基于以上的认识,指出了金山金矿的找矿方向.  相似文献   

风廓线雷达自身对比精度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴蕾  陈洪滨  康雪 《气象科技》2014,42(1):38-41

利用GLC-24型风廓线雷达的5波束观测数据,分析了在晴空和降水条件下风廓线雷达探测的准确性,得出结论如下:在晴空条件下大气均匀稳定、垂直速度很小,风廓线雷达测量水平风的准确性高;在均匀性降水条件下,虽然垂直速度很大,但大气在风廓线雷达5波束探测的水平范围内均匀,风廓线雷达测量水平风的准确性也较好;在非均匀性降水条件下,大气在风廓线雷达探测的水平范围内不均匀,不符合风廓线雷达计算水平风的假设条件,需要进一步改进算法,减少计算误差。  相似文献   

两类厄尔尼诺事件期间热带大气GILL响应分析          下载免费PDF全文

薛德强  徐建军 《海洋气象学报》2021,41(1):82-91

分析了1979-2018年两类厄尔尼诺事件期间月平均热带太平洋海面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)异常、对流降水异常、大气环流异常等特征,发现东部型、中部型厄尔尼诺期间海洋及大气加热场并不是赤道对称,赤道以南热源强度大于赤道以北.大气对热源的响应表现在:1)低层在大气热源西侧出现南、北半球...  相似文献   

三峡工程运行后荆江河段分汇段航道水深资源及碍航驱动机制     

杨云平  周良平  张华庆  冯小香  朱玲玲  刘万利  李明  王建军 《湖泊科学》2023,35(2):684-695

系统解析长江中游河湖交汇区域航道水深资源的变化,可支撑“黄金航道”的可持续发展。本研究以洞庭湖-荆江交汇段为对象,研究洞庭湖分汇区域水沙条件、荆江河段滩槽演变与河湖交汇段航道水深资源的关系。研究表明:三峡工程运行以来,洞庭湖三口分流量和分沙量延续了三峡工程运行前的减少态势,伴随洞庭湖分流量减少,相对增加的长江干流径流量增强了河床冲刷强度,反馈使得洞庭湖三口分流量和分沙量均处于较低值;荆江河段河床冲刷给航道尺度提升奠定了有利基础,河湖分汇区域不满足4.5 m×200 m(水深×宽度)的长度为12.6 km,占荆江河段碍航总长度的68.35%。碍航驱动机制上:松滋口分流区段(枝城-昌门溪)的4.5 m水槽贯通但宽度不足200 m,汊道分流关系不稳定及洲滩萎缩制约航道条件稳定,枯水位下降及“坡陡流急”现象仍然严峻,不利于航道条件保障及船舶安全航行;太平口分流区段水位下降、洲滩萎缩、汊道交替发展使得枯水航路不稳定或水深不足4.5 m;藕池口分流区域的洲滩崩退、洲滩冲刷引起的向下游泥沙输移,碍航表现为航宽不足200 m或出现水深不足4.5 m的浅滩;洞庭湖入汇影响区段(熊家洲-城陵矶)受弯道冲淤...  相似文献   

LA-ICP-MS/FT方法在矿床保存研究中的应用——以赣东北德兴铜矿和银山铅锌矿床为例     

闵康  高剑峰  齐有强  刘燕  杨曙光 《大地构造与成矿学》2020,(1):80-91

矿床保存是成矿系统研究的重要组成部分,其中裂变径迹研究是揭示矿床保存条件和程度的有效手段之一。本文建立了LA-ICP-MS/FT方法,该方法获得磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值与已有外探测器法分析结果对比表明这一方法是可行的。基于此方法,对赣东北德兴铜矿与银山铅锌矿进行了磷灰石裂变径迹分析,得到了德兴成矿岩体的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄71.4±8.6 Ma,银山地区英安斑岩的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为77.1±8.3 Ma。这一结果表明,在区域整体抬升背景下,两个矿区均以较低的剥蚀抬升速率抬升至地表。两个矿区样品磷灰石平均裂变径迹围限长度分别为12.32±1.77μm和12.56±1.91μm,对应Dpar值为2.45±0.19μm和1.84±0.17μm,径迹长度频度分布属于单峰型,证实两个矿区为单向冷却过程且没有遭受后期明显的热扰动。进一步温度‒时间热模拟路径显示,德兴和银山在70 Ma前经历了快速隆升过程,然后开始缓慢抬升,到约20 Ma开始再次快速隆升。结合前人报道的U-Th/He定年结果,100 Ma以来,德兴可能比银山具有相对更高的隆升量(~1 km)。  相似文献