TBT toxicity on the marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sidharthan M  Young KS  Woul LH  Soon PK  Shin HW 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):177-180

Commercial antifouling formulations containing TBT are the major source of organotin contamination in coastal waters. In view of the persisting TBT residues (13 ng Sn l⁻¹) in the coastal waters of South Korea, an attempt has been made to evaluate the growth response and biochemical composition of laboratory-cultured Nannochloropsis oculata to TBT toxicity. It is evident that the persisting concentration level of TBT is high enough to cause adverse effect on the microalgal species. The EC₅₀ (24 h) was found to be at 0.89 nM level of TBT for this marine eustigmatophyte N. oculata. Photosynthetic pigment content was significantly affected. At elevated TBT concentrations of 1.0 nM, especially pronounced changes in biochemical composition was found. TBT tolerance of N. oculata and its growth as well as biochemical responses are discussed.  相似文献   

Responses of the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis (L.) to suspended solids   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shin PK  Yau FN  Chow SH  Tai KK  Cheung SG 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):157-162

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the lethal and sublethal effects of suspended solids on the survival and physiological, behavourial and morphological changes of the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis collected from Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. Results showed that P. viridis survived in all test conditions of suspended solids from 0 to 1200 mg/l over a period of 96 h. Physiological responses of the green-lipped mussel under 14-d exposure of suspended solids from 0 to 600 mg/l, followed by 14-d recovery in natural seawater, revealed no significant changes (p>0.05) in oxygen consumption and dry gonosomatic index for treatments in different concentrations of suspended solids and exposure time. Changes in clearance rate were only found to be significant (p<0.001) with exposure time. Responses in behavourial and morphological changes of the green-lipped mussel were also studied under similar experimental treatments and exposure time. Byssus production was significantly (p<0.001) related to exposure time. Gill damage, however, was significantly greater in treatments (p<0.001). Present findings suggested that P. viridis could tolerate a high level of suspended solids in the laboratory. There were dose-dependent effects of suspended solids on morphology of gill filaments. Implications of survival and responses of the green-lipped mussel to suspended solids in the marine environment are discussed.  相似文献   

A Simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum climate using the NCAR-CCSM   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

S.-I. Shin  Z. Liu  B. Otto-Bliesner  E. Brady  J. Kutzbach  S. Harrison 《Climate Dynamics》2003,20(2-3):127-151

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The Japan Trench and its juncture with the Kuril Trench: cruise results of the Kaiko project, Leg 3     

Jean-Paul Cadet  Kazuo Kobayashi  Jean Aubouin  Jacques Boulgue  Christine Deplus  Jacques Dubois  Roland von Huene  Laurent Jolivet  Toshihiko Kanazawa  Junzo Kasahara  Kinichiro Koizumi  Serge Lallemand  Yasuo Nakamura  Guy Pautot  Kiyoshi Suyehiro  Shin Tani  Hidekazu Tokuyama  Toshitsugu Yamazaki 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1987,83(1-4)

This paper presents the results of a detailed survey combining Seabeam mapping, gravity and geomagnetic measurements as well as single-channel seismic reflection observations in the Japan Trench and the juncture with the Kuril Trench during the French-Japanese Kaiko project (northern sector of the Leg 3) on the R/V “Jean Charcot”. The main data acquired during the cruise, such as the Seabeam maps, magnetic anomalies pattern, and preliminary interpretations are discussed. These new data cover an area of 18,000 km² and provide for the first time a detailed three-dimensional image of the Japan Trench. Combined with the previous results, the data indicate new structural interpretations. A comparative study of Seabeam morphology, single-channel and reprocessed multichannel records lead to the conclusion that along the northern Japan Trench there is little evidence of accretion but, instead, a tectonic erosion of the overriding plate. The tectonic pattern on the oceanic side of the trench is controlled by the creation of new normal faults parallel to the Japan Trench axis, which is a direct consequence of the downward flexure of the Pacific plate. In addition to these new faults, ancient normal faults trending parallel to the N65° oceanic magnetic anomalies and oblique to the Japan trench axis are reactivated, so that two directions of normal faulting are observed seaward of the Japan Trench. Only one direction of faulting is observed seaward of the Kuril Trench because of the parallelism between the trench axis and the magnetic anomalies. The convergent front of the Kuril Trench is offset left-laterally by 20 km relative to those of the Japan Trench. This transform fault and the lower slope of the southernmost Kuril Trench are represented by very steep scarps more than 2 km high. Slightly south of the juncture, the Erimo Seamount riding on the Pacific plate, is now entering the subduction zone. It has been preceded by at least another seamount as revealed by magnetic anomalies across the landward slope of the trench. Deeper future studies will be necessary to discriminate between the two following hypothesis about the origin of the curvature between both trenches: Is it due to the collision of an already subducted chain of seamounts? or does it correspond to one of the failure lines of the America/Eurasia plate boundary?  相似文献   

Enclosure of the urban commons   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shin Lee  Chris Webster 《GeoJournal》2006,66(1-2):27-42

This is an essay about the territorial enclosure of urban neighbourhoods. It develops the argument that the shared public realms that became regarded as normal in the cities of the 20th century are inherently unstable. More particularly, they are an unstable form of co-ownership domain (condominium). In many different cultures and economies new forms of local territorial governance are emerging to make joint consumption more sustainable. Most of the essay is devoted to exploring this evolutionary argument and is theoretically oriented and illustrated with historical examples. We end with illustrations of urban enclosure from China, a country that has had to discover almost overnight new forms of organisational, institutional and spatial order.  相似文献   

Sustainable groundwater management in Kinmen Island   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chen‐Wuing Liu  Chun‐Nan Lin  Cheng‐Shin Jang  Chan‐Po Chen  Jen‐Fu Chang  Chen‐Chun Fan  Kuo‐Hiang Lou 《水文研究》2006,20(20):4363-4372

Kinmen county is located in the southwest of Fujen province, China. It comprises Kinmen, Leiyu and other small islands. Its total area is around 150 km². Kinmen is the largest island, and 95% of the population resides there. The average annual precipitation is 1072 mm. Rainfall is concentrated in a 5 month period from mid‐April to mid‐September. Water resources are limited relative to demand. Eastern Kinmen utilizes surface water, whereas western Kinmen uses groundwater. Moreover, the Kinmen sorghum liquor is brewed using the native groundwater in the west of the island. MODFLOW‐96 was used to simulate the groundwater distribution and determine the annual amount of infiltration, pumping, and boundary inflow and outflow. Additionally, a groundwater management index was adopted to evaluate the status of groundwater level change, thus allowing local government officials to adjust the pumping scheme dynamically. To achieve a sustainable groundwater supply in Kinmen, an integrated groundwater extraction plan was proposed. This plan includes enhancing the infiltration by using treated wastewater from the east of the island, monitoring the groundwater level change, adjusting the groundwater pumping scheme, and constructing seawater desalination plants. If the hostile confrontation between Taiwan and mainland China is resolved, then the water supply through an undersea pipeline from Sharmen, China, to Kinmen can be another potential source of water for Kinmen in the future. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Comparison of waveform inversion, part 2: phase approach   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. B. Bednar  Changsoo Shin  Sukjoon Pyun 《Geophysical Prospecting》2007,55(4):465-475

In this paper, we take advantage of the natural separation into amplitude and phase of a logarithmic‐based approach to full‐wavefield inversion and concentrate on deriving purely kinematic approaches for both conventional and logarithmic‐based methods. We compare the resulting algorithms theoretically and empirically. To maintain consistency between this and the previous paper in this series, we continue with the same symbolism and notation and apply our new algorithms to the same three data sets. We show that both of these new techniques, although different in implementation style, share the same computational methodology. We also show that reverse‐time back‐propagation of the residuals for our new kinematic methods continues to be the basis for calculation of the steepest‐descent vector. We conclude that the logarithmic phase‐based method is more practical than its conventionally based counterpart, but, in spite of the fact that the conventional algorithm appears unstable, differences are not great.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of surface sediments in the southwestern East/Japan Sea     

Hyun-Ju Cha  Man Sik Choi  Chang-Bok Lee  Dong-Hyeok Shin 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2007,29(5-6):685-697

We analyzed 77 surface sediment samples collected in the southwestern East/Japan Sea from the Korea Strait through the Ulleung Basin and the Korea Plateau for grain size, calcium carbonate, organic carbon, and major (Na, Mg, Al, Fe, K, Ca, and Ti) and trace elements (P, Mn, Sr, Li, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Pb).The chemical composition of the surface sediments was found to be highly variable spatially. Cluster analysis of surface sediment chemical compositions indicated five major geochemical sedimentary environments: basin, lower slope, coast and upper slope, inner shelf, and outer shelf. Continental-shelf sediments were rich in shell fragments and had relict and coarse-grained characteristics. Recent fine-grained sediments were only distributed in coastal, slope, and basin areas. Concentrations of Al, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, and Sc were highest in the coastal and upper slope areas and decreased with water depth. Elemental ratios using major and trace elements indicated that coastal and upper slope detrital sediments were mixtures of sediments derived from the Changjiang (Yangtze) and Nakdong Rivers. Although the concentrations of organic carbon, P, Mn, V, Co, Ni, Cu, and Pb increased with water depth, their distribution patterns indicated authigenic (V, Cu, and Pb) and diagenetic (Fe, P, Mn, Co, and Ni) origins. The distribution pattern with water depth suggested that the chemical composition of surface sediment was determined by sedimentologic and geochemical processes, such as the supply of detrital and biogenic materials, and authigenic and post-depositional diagenetic processes in sediments.  相似文献   

Pulling apart: new perspectives on the spatial dimensions of neighbourhood income disparities in Canadian cities     

Breau  Sébastien  Shin  Michael  Burkhart  Nick 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2018,20(1):1-25

Journal of Geographical Systems - The spatial configurations of changes in the distribution of incomes within Canada’s eight largest metropolitan areas are examined using a new approach based...  相似文献   

Removal of lead(II) from aqueous stream by hydrophilic modified kapok fiber using the Fenton reaction     

Dongfang Wang  Daeik Kim  Chul-Ho Shin  Yufeng Zhao  Joon-Seok Park  Moonhee Ryu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(18):653

A hydrophilic kapok fiber was prepared by a chemical process of the Fenton reaction and used as an adsorbent to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The effects of experimental parameters including pH, contact time, Pb(II) concentration, and coexisting heavy metals were estimated as well as evaluated. The optimum concentrations of FeSO₄ and H₂O₂ for the Fenton reaction-modified kapok fiber (FRKF) were 0.5 mol L^?1 and 1 mol L^?1, respectively. The adsorption kinetic models and isotherm equations of Langmuir and Freundlich were conducted to identify the most optimum adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of Pb(II) on FRKF. The FRKF displayed an excellent adsorption rate for Pb(II) in single metal solution with the maximum adsorption capacity of 94.41?±?7.56 mg g^?1 at pH 6.0. Moreover, the FRKE still maintained its adsorption advantage of Pb(II) in the mixed metal solution. The FRKF exhibited a considerable potential in removal of metal content in wastewater streams.  相似文献