Weichselian history of the Fennoscandian ice sheet in southern Sweden and the southwestern Baltic Basin     

Johanna Anjar  Lena Adrielsson  Nicolaj Krog Larsen  Per Möller  Kilian Barth 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2014,43(3):608-626

This study presents the Weichselian stratigraphy on Kriegers Flak in the southwestern Baltic Sea, and correlates it to new sections in southernmost Sweden and to previously published stratigraphic sequences from SW Skåne. A total of four Weichselian advances are identified based on our correlations. The oldest till, observed only on Kriegers Flak, is dated to the Early or Middle Weichselian and tentatively correlated to the Ristinge advance, previously identified in Denmark. It is overlain by three interstadial sediment units, starting with brackish clay and followed by terrestrial and lacustrine deposits, which have been dated to 42–36 ka, and finally by glaciolacustrine clay dated to 28.5–26 ka. After 30 ka, the Fennoscandian ice sheet advanced through the Baltic Basin and into the coastal areas of southernmost Sweden where the Allarp Till was deposited, followed by a deglaciation sequence. The uppermost tills, the Dalby Till and the Lund till, were deposited during the LGM advance and the subsequent re‐advances through the Baltic Basin. Based on the new evidence it has been possible to identify and date a Middle and Late Weichselian till succession in southern Sweden and provide a strong correlation to the established glacial stratigraphies in Sweden and Denmark.  相似文献   

Peering inside the peak ring of the Chicxulub Impact Crater—its nature and formation mechanism     

Jaime Urrutia‐Fucugauchi  Ligia Prez‐Cruz  Joanna Morgan  Sean Gulick  Axel Wittmann  Johanna Lofi 《Geology Today》2019,35(2):68-72

The IODP‐ICDP Expedition 364 drilled into the Chicxulub crater, peering inside its well‐preserved peak ring. The borehole penetrated a sequence of post‐impact carbonates and a unit of suevites and clast‐poor impact melt rock at the top of the peak ring. Beneath this sequence, basement rocks cut by pre‐impact and impact dykes, with breccias and melt, were encountered at shallow depths. The basement rocks are fractured, shocked and uplifted, consistent with dynamic collapse, uplift and long‐distance transport of weakened material during collapse of the transient cavity and final crater formation.  相似文献   

Diffusion,degradation or on-site stabilisation – Identifying causes of kinetic processes involved in metal–humate complexation     

Holger Lippold  Sascha Eidner  Michael U. Kumke  Johanna Lippmann-Pipke 《Applied Geochemistry》2012

The applicability of equilibrium models for humic-bound transport of toxic or radioactive metals is affected by kinetic processes leading to an increasing inertness of metal–humic complexes. The chemical background is not yet understood. It is widely believed that bound metals undergo an in-diffusion process within the humic colloids, changing from weaker to stronger binding sites. This work is focussed on the competition effect of Al(III) on complexation of Tb(III) or Eu(III) as analogues of trivalent actinides. By using ion exchange and spectroscopic methods, their bound fractions were determined for solutions of Al and humic acid that had been pre-equilibrated for different periods of time. Whilst the amount of bound Al remained unchanged, its blocking effect was found to increase over a time frame of 2 days, which corresponds to the kinetics of the increase in complex inertness reported in most pertinent studies. Thus, the derived “diffusion theory” turned out to be inapplicable, since it cannot explain an increase in competition for the “initial” sites. A delayed degradation of polynuclear species (as found for Fe) does not occur. Consequently, the temporal changes must be based on structural rearrangements in the vicinity of bound Al, complicating the exchange or access. Time-dependent studies by laser fluorescence spectroscopy (steady-state and time-resolved) yielded evidence of substantial alterations, which were, however, immediately induced and did not show any significant trend on the time scale of interest, suggesting that the stabilisation process is based on comparatively moderate changes.  相似文献   

Microscale oxygen isotope variations in 1.9 Ga Gunflint cherts: Assessments of diagenesis effects and implications for oceanic paleotemperature reconstructions     

Johanna Marin  Marc Chaussidon 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(1):116-5891

Variations in the oxygen isotope composition (δ¹⁸O) of five cherts from the 1.9 Ga Gunflint iron formation (Canada) were studied at the micrometer scale by ion microprobe to try to better understand the processes that control δ¹⁸O values in cherts and to improve seawater paleotemperature reconstructions. Gunflint cherts show clearly different δ¹⁸O values for different types of silica with for instance a difference of ≈15‰ between detrital quartz and microquartz. Microquartz in the five samples is characterized by large intra sample variations in δ¹⁸O values, (δ¹⁸O of quartz varies from 4.6‰ to 6.6‰ at the 20 μm scale and from ≈12‰ to 14‰ at 2 μm scale). Isotopic profiles in microquartz adjacent to hydrothermal quartz veins demonstrate that microquartz more than ≈200 μm away from the veins has preserved its original δ¹⁸O value.At the micrometer spatial resolution of the ion probe, data reveal that microquartz has preserved a considerable δ¹⁸O heterogeneity that must be regarded as a signature inherited from its diagenetic history. Modelling of the δ¹⁸O variations produced during the diagenetic transformation of sedimentary amorphous silica precursors into microquartz allows us to calculate seawater temperature (T_sw at which the amorphous silica precipitated) and diagenesis temperature (T_diagenesis at which microquartz formed) that reproduce the δ¹⁸O distributions (mean, range and shape) measured at micrometer scale in microquartz. The two critical parameters in this modelling are the δ¹⁸O value and the mass fraction of the diagenetic fluid. Under these assumptions, the most likely ranges for T_sw and T_diagenesis are from 37 to 52 °C and from 130 to 170 °C, respectively.  相似文献   

Deep alpine valleys: examples of geophysical explorations in Austria     

Ewald Brückl  Johanna Brückl  Werner Chwatal  Christian Ullrich 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2010,103(3):329-344

Results from geophysical explorations of three deep valleys, selected from different tectonic regimes in the Eastern Alps (Ötz-, Oichten-, and Drau Valley), are presented and discussed. Ongoing tectonic deformation may use tectonic structures related to these valleys. However, seismic activity is low there. During the Würm ice age, the thickness of the ice cover ranged between 300 and 1,500 m above present ground elevation. The geophysical investigations comprised reflection seismology, gravity- and resistivity surveys. The maximum depth down to the erosional base of the valleys varies from ~340 to 700 m. Distinct layer packages of the valley-infill at depths greater than 250 m were termed “old valley-fill”. Geophysical parameters and a comparison with the reflection seismic image of an intermediate layer at the recent Pasterze glacier suggest that the top of the “old valley-fill” represents the glacier bed during the decay of the Würm glaciation. Deep erosion is not related to high basal shear stress. The confluence of tributary glaciers is apparently not a significant factor for deep erosion in our examples of deep alpine valleys. We conclude that deep erosion may be related to high water pressure at the glacier bed, supported by specific processes of tectonic weakening.  相似文献   

Detection of land subsidence in Semarang,Indonesia, using stable points network (SPN) technique   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Friedrich Kuehn  David Albiol  Geraint Cooksley  Javier Duro  Johanna Granda  Susanne Haas  Arne Hoffmann-Rothe  Dodid Murdohardono 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(5):909-921

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Shapes and rotational properties of thirty asteroids from photometric data     

Johanna Torppa  Tadeusz Micha?owski  Agnieszka Kryszczyńska  Richard Kowalski 《Icarus》2003,164(2):346-383

We have analyzed photometric lightcurves of 30 asteroids, and present here the obtained shapes, rotational periods and pole directions. We also present new photometric observations of five asteroids. The shape models indicate the existence of many features of varying degrees of irregularity. Even large main-belt asteroids display such features, so the resulting poles and periods are more consistent than those obtained by simple ellipsoid-like models. In some cases the new rotational parameters are rather different from those obtained previously, and in a few cases there were no proper previous estimates at all.  相似文献   

The community guide to the Resource Management Act 1991 (2nd edn)     

Johanna Rosier 《New Zealand geographer》2008,64(1):86-87

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对中欧草地系统演替的17年量化研究(英文)     

张渊媛  Johanna JORG  Carl BEIERKUHNLEIN  薛达元 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,5(2):139-147

本文旨在用17年的观测数据检验三个有关草地系统演替的假设:(1)物种多样性在演替早期不断增加;(2)伴随着演替的推进,样方植物群落间的相似度逐渐增加(样方间的差异度随着演替不断降低);(3)在演替早期,植物群落的物种组成有趋同之势。包括植物群落的总体发展、Shannon多度与均度、Bray-Curtis差异度和群落周转率在内的量化统计结果显示:经过早期5年的演替,各样方的物种多样性表现出快速的趋同,多度均值逐渐由8增加至25个物种;同时,所有样方的物种总数由23增加至55个物种,标准方差由4.6降至0.3。此外,样方间的差异度逐渐降低,物种多度与组成呈明显的趋同。停止除草的一个重要效应是,人工设置的由1到16个物种的多样性梯度因物种入侵至多度较低的样地而减弱。  相似文献   

Detecting potential changes in the meridional overturning circulation at 26˚N in the Atlantic     

Johanna Baehr  Klaus Keller  Jochem Marotzke 《Climatic change》2008,91(1-2):11-27

We analyze the ability of an oceanic monitoring array to detect potential changes in the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). The observing array is ‘deployed’ into a numerical model (ECHAM5/MPI-OM), and simulates the measurements of density and wind stress at 26^°N in the Atlantic. The simulated array mimics the continuous monitoring system deployed in the framework of the UK Rapid Climate Change program. We analyze a set of three realizations of a climate change scenario (IPCC A1B), in which – within the considered time-horizon of 200 years – the MOC weakens, but does not collapse. For the detection analysis, we assume that the natural variability of the MOC is known from an independent source, the control run. Our detection approach accounts for the effects of observation errors, infrequent observations, autocorrelated internal variability, and uncertainty in the initial conditions. Continuous observation with the simulated array for approximately 60 years yields a statistically significant (p < 0.05) detection with 95 percent reliability assuming a random observation error of 1 Sv (1 Sv = 10⁶ m³ s^?1). Observing continuously with an observation error of 3 Sv yields a detection time of about 90 years (with 95 percent reliability). Repeated hydrographic transects every 5 years/ 20 years result in a detection time of about 90 years/120 years, with 95 percent reliability and an assumed observation error of 3 Sv. An observation error of 3 Sv (one standard deviation) is a plausible estimate of the observation error associated with the RAPID UK 26^°N array.  相似文献