Extended Finite Element Method for the Analysis of Discontinuities in Rock Masses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Debasis Deb  Kamal C. Das 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2010,28(5):643-659

The strength and deformability of rock mass primarily depend on the condition of joints and their spacing and partially on the engineering properties of rock matrix. Till today, numerical analysis of discontinuities e.g. joint, fault, shear plane and others is conducted placing an interface element in between two adjacent rock matrix elements. However, the applicability of interface elements is limited in rock mechanics problems having multiple discontinuities due to its inherent numerical difficulties often leading to non-convergent solution. Recent developments in extended finite element method (XFEM) having strong discontinuity imbedded within a regular element provide an opportunity to analyze discrete discontinuities in rock masses without any numerical difficulties. This concept is based on partition of unity principle and can be used for cohesive rock joints. This paper summarizes the mathematical frameworks for the implementation of strong discontinuities in 3 and 6 nodded triangular elements and also provides numerical examples of the application of XFEM in one and two dimensional problems with single and multiple discontinuities.  相似文献   

Biostratigraphy of oligocene succession in the High Folded Zone,Sulaimani, Kurdistan region,Northeastern Iraq     

Imad Mahmood Ghafor  Kamal Haji Karim  Varrojan Sissakian 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(9):3599-3610

Oligocene and Lower Miocene sediments from High Folded Zone of Iraqi Zagros have been studied paleontologically at south of Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq. The identified fauna are consisted of (25) genera and species of benthonic and (16) species of planktonic foraminifera. The fauna comprises relatively abundant foraminiferal assemblages of moderate diversity. Based on the stratigraphic distribution of these species, two biozones have been recognized which are Nummulites—Rotalia and Globoquadrina dehiscens zones. These biozones indicate that the studied sections of Basara and Khewata are of Late Oligocene–Early Miocene age. Based on the microfossils, it has been found that the age of sediments is equivalent to or represents Anah and Serikagni Formations. Some previous studies described Oligocene rocks (Kirkuk Group) as interior sag basin. In the present study, the occurrence of the group inside High Folded Zone and its rich fauna content are used for the discussion of the sag basin versus normal marine water.  相似文献   

Modeling of strong motion generation areas of the 2011 Tohoku,Japan earthquake using modified semi-empirical technique     

A. Joshi  Sandeep  Kamal 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(1):587-609

Modification in the semi-empirical technique for the simulation of strong ground motion has been introduced to incorporate the strong motion generation areas (SMGA) in the modeled rupture plane. Strong motion generation areas identified within the rupture plane of the Tohoku earthquake of March 11, 2011 (M _w = 9.0), have been modeled using this modified technique. Two different source models having four and five SMGAs, respectively, are considered for modeling purpose. Strong motion records using modified semi-empirical technique have been simulated at two near-field stations located at epicentral distance of 137 and 140 km, respectively, using two different source models. Comparison of the observed and simulated acceleration waveforms is made in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) at both stations. Minimum root mean square error of the waveform comparison has been obtained at both the stations for source model having five SMGAs. Simulations from same rupture model have been made at other four stations lying at epicentral distance between 154 and 249 km. Comparison of observed and simulated records has been made in terms of RMSE in acceleration records, velocity records and response spectra at each six station. Simulations have been made at six other stations to obtain distribution of peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity with hypocentral distance. Peak ground acceleration and velocity from simulated and observed records are compared at twelve stations surrounding the source of Tohoku earthquake. Comparison of waveforms and parameters extracted from observed and simulated strong motion records confirms the efficacy of the developed modified technique to model earthquake characterized by SMGAs.  相似文献   

Geoelectrical and Hydrogeochemical Studies for Delineating Ground-Water Contamination Due to Salt-Water Intrusion in the Northern Part of the Nile Delta, Egypt   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Abdel-Azim M. Ebraheem  Mahmoud M. Senosy  Kamal A. Dahab 《Ground water》1997,35(2):216-222

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Detailed isophotometry of some galaxies,I     

A. I. Gamal el Din  I. A. Issa  A. M. I. Osman  F. Y. Kamal 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1992,190(1):67-88

Results from a detailed isophotometric survey of NGC 5595, NGC 5597, NGC 5605, and NGC 7769 are given. It includes isophotic maps, luminosity profiles and ellipticity curves as well. Scanning of these galaxies was done in theB andV colours.  相似文献   

Soft soil mapping using Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) for seismic hazard assessment of Chandigarh city in Himalayan foothills,north India     

A. K. Mundepi  Conrad Lindholm  Kamal 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,74(5):551-558

The populated and expanding city of Chandigarh is located in the foothills of Himalaya, near the potentially active Main Frontal Thrust (MFT). A hazard assessment for this city is consequently of major importance. Thick sediments underlies the city and that can potentially amplify the earthquake shaking and contribute to an earthquake disaster in the city. The present study applies the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) ambient noise methodology to estimate the resonance frequency of the soft sediments and to obtain a first order estimate of sediment thickness. The study indicates that the soil thickness range from 30 to 270 m and that the resonance frequencies vary from 0.236 to 1.479 Hz. A smooth correlation function between soil thickness and resonance frequency is found, indicating relatively homogeneous soil.  相似文献   

Seismic vulnerability assessment in the new urban area of Diriyah Governorate,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia     

Kamal Abdelrahman  Mohammad Fnais  Enayat Abdelmonem  Khaled Magram  Abdullah Bin saadoon 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(19):434

Nine seismic refraction profiles were conducted and processed to study the near-surface sediments in the new urban area of Diriyah. The 2D geoseismic models illustrate two layers: a surface layer of soft sediments and weathered to hard limestone bedrock. Moreover, microtremor measurements were performed at 38 sites for 40 min using three-component seismographs and processed to assess the peak spectral amplitude and the corresponding fundamental resonance frequency. The seismic vulnerability index at each measurement site was estimated. These results correlate well with the geotechnical borehole data. The north-western zone is highly vulnerable due to the great thickness of the soft sediments.  相似文献   

Emergence of the semi-empirical technique of strong ground motion simulation: A review     

Sandeep  A. Joshi  P. Kumari  S. Lal  Vandana  Parveen Kumar  Kamal 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,89(6):719-722

High frequency ground motion simulation techniques are powerful tools for designing earthquake resistant structures in seismically active regimes. Simulation techniques also provide the synthetic strong ground motion in the regions where actual records are not available (Kumar et al. 2015).These techniques require several parameters of earthquake and other seismic information proceeding to the simulation. Practically estimation of parameters is a tough task, particularly in a region with limited information. This demands a simulation technique based on the easily estimated parameters for a new site. The purposes of this paper are to briefly review existing simulation techniques and to discuss in detail the new, simple and effective semi-empirical technique (Midorikawa 1993) of strong motion simulation.  相似文献   

Analysis of sedimentary facies and depositional environments of Paleogene sequence of Cambay basin,India     

Vijai Kumar Baskaran  Suresh Kumar Govindarajan  Kamal Chandra Dani  Mandhir Kumar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,90(3):312-322

A study on the sedimentary facies characterization and depositional environment interpretations for the K#Field (K-Oil Field) in Cambay petroleum basin of western onshore, India was conducted based on the sub-surface data from drilled wells, including well logs, borehole images, cores and the regional knowledge of the basin. In this work, an effort is made to integrate the current data from seismics and well logging, to study and analyze its depositional environments and establish the petroleum systems. The study regions for the present work are K45 and K48 blocks. The target strata includes 2 oil-bearing formations of Paleogene, which is about 3600 ft; they are M#Fm (M-Formation) of the Eocene and N#Fm (N-Formation) of Oligocene, subdivided into 11 zones. The sediment fill is mostly of Tertiary. The research attempts to decipher the oil - depositional source correlation problems of the basin. Sedimentary models were established referring to the core analysis, core photographs and well logs. Reservoir and heterogeneity study included reservoir lithology features, physical properties and pore structure features.Well facies analysis of oil well WELL-0297 and WELL-0129 was done and the results were analyzed for further drilling of new wells for oil and gas exploration. The study found that the Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene and Paleogene are fluviatile facies sand and mud interbed sediment with the thickness 2000-4000 ft, which are main oil-bearing formations in these areas. Studies concluded that the fluvial reservoirs of the K#Field are characterized by large variations from laterally extensive bodies with good interconnectedness and high net-to-gross ratios, multi-storey ribbon bodies with poor interconnections and low net-to-gross ratios.  相似文献   

Global water meet: Dharwad declaration 2016 on climate change,water and agriculture     

R. H. Sawkar  Poddar Rajendra 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,89(1):108-108

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