Pollutant transport in a shallow unconfined aquifer in Perry,Ohio     

J. Mark Inglis  Gerald Matisoff  Walton Ross Kelly 《Environmental Geology》1986,8(4):237-245

The groundwater system in northern Perry Township in Lake County, Ohio, is a shallow, unconfined aquifer consisting of periglacial lake beach deposits and less permeable lacustrine plain deposits. Groundwater flow is generally toward Lake Erie from south to north and is controlled by the top of the Ashtabula Till, but strong, local variations are caused by northward flowing streams During the study period, water levels in most wells exhibited a seasonal fluctuation of less than 0 3 m from their mean values. The areal distributions of chloride and nitrate concentrations indicate that road salt runoff easily infiltrates the aquifer and that nitrate may be sourced from fertilizer application. Ground-water flow and solute transport models indicate that in excess of 27 years are required to obtain chemical steady-state under hydrologic steady-state conditions. The simulations also demonstrate that nitrate loading must occur in more than one cultivated field in order to obtain the observed wide-spread nitrate distribution.  相似文献   

Relations Between Aquifer Electrical and Hydraulic Properties   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

William E. Kelly  Reinhard K. Frohlich 《Ground water》1985,23(2):182-189

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Book reviews     

David Turnock  P. M. Kelly  G. Kunkel  K. Strobach  K. -R. Nippes  William Ritchie  Claude Kergomard  W. R. Mead  Friedrich Wieneke  Ted Yates 《GeoJournal》1985,10(4):389-392

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Nitrate and herbicide loading in two groundwater basins of Illinois'' sinkhole plain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. V. Panno  W. R. Kelly   《Journal of Hydrology》2004,290(3-4):229-242

This investigation was designed to estimate the mass loading of nitrate (NO₃⁻) and herbicides in spring water discharging from groundwater basins in an agriculturally dominated, mantled karst terrain. The loading was normalized to land use and NO₃⁻ and herbicide losses were compared to estimated losses in other agricultural areas of the Midwestern USA. Our study area consisted of two large karst springs that drain two adjoining groundwater basins (total area of 37.7 km²) in southwestern Illinois' sinkhole plain, USA. The springs and stream that they form were monitored for almost 2 years. Nitrate–nitrogen (NO₃–N) concentrations at three monitoring sites were almost always above the background concentration (1.9 mg/l). NO₃–N concentrations at the two springs ranged from 1.08 to 6.08 with a median concentration of 3.61 mg/l. Atrazine and alachlor concentrations ranged from <0.01 to 34 μg/l and <0.01 to 0.98 μg/l, respectively, with median concentrations of 0.48 and 0.12 μg/l, respectively. Approximately 100,000 kg/yr of NO₃–N, 39 kg/yr of atrazine, and 2.8 kg/yr of alachlor were discharged from the two springs. Slightly more than half of the discharged NO₃⁻ came from background sources and most of the remainder probably came from fertilizer. This represents a 21–31% loss of fertilizer N from the groundwater basins. The pesticide losses were 3.8–5.8% of the applied atrazine, and 0.05–0.08% of the applied alachlor. The loss of atrazine adsorbed to the suspended solid fraction was about 2 kg/yr, only about 5% of the total mass of atrazine discharged from the springs.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of landscape‐based green infrastructure for stormwater management in suburban catchments          下载免费PDF全文

Sean A. Woznicki  Kelly L. Hondula  S. Taylor Jarnagin 《水文研究》2018,32(15):2346-2361

Land cover changes associated with urbanization have negative effects on downstream ecosystems. Contemporary urban development attempts to mitigate these effects by designing stormwater infrastructure to mimic predevelopment hydrology, but their performance is highly variable. This study used in situ monitoring of recently built neighbourhoods to evaluate the catchment‐scale effectiveness of landscape decentralized stormwater control measures (SCMs) in the form of street connected vegetated swales for reducing runoff volumes and flow rates relative to curb‐and‐gutter infrastructure. Effectiveness of the SCMs was quantified by monitoring runoff for 8 months at the outlets of 4 suburban catchments (0.76–5.25 ha) in Maryland, USA. Three “grey” catchments installed curb‐and‐gutter stormwater conveyances, whereas the fourth “green” catchment built parcel‐level vegetated swales. The catchment with decentralized SCMs reduced runoff, runoff ratio, and peak runoff compared with the grey infrastructure catchments. In addition, the green catchment delayed runoff, resulting in longer precipitation–runoff lag times. Runoff ratios across the monitoring period were 0.13 at the green catchment and 0.37, 0.35, and 0.18 at the 3 grey catchments. Runoff only commenced after 6 mm of precipitation at the decentralized SCM catchment, whereas runoff occurred even during the smallest events at the grey catchments. However, as precipitation magnitudes reached 20 mm, the green catchment runoff characteristics were similar to those at the grey catchments, which made up 37% of the total precipitation in only 10 of 72 events. Therefore, volume‐based reduction goals for stormwater using decentralized SCMs such as vegetated swales require additional redundant SCMs in a treatment train as source control and/or end‐of‐pipe detention to capture a larger fraction of runoff and more effectively mimic predevelopment hydrology for the relatively rare but larger precipitation events.  相似文献   

Streamflow prediction under extreme data scarcity: a step toward hydrologic process understanding within severely data-limited regions     

M. H. Alipour  Kelly M. Kibler 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(9):1038-1055

Streamflow prediction in ungauged basins is necessary to support water resources management decisions. Herein we refine and evaluate the Streamflow Prediction under Extreme Data-scarcity (SPED) model, a framework designed for streamflow prediction within regions of sparse hydrometeorological observation. With the SPED framework, inclusion of soft data directs optimization to balance runoff efficiency with the selection of hydrologically representative parameters. Here SPED is tested in catchments around the world, including four well-gauged catchments, by mimicking data-scarcity and comparing against data-intensive approaches. By differentiating equifinal models, SPED succeeds where traditional approaches are likely to fail: partially dissimilar reference/target catchments. For instance, in a pair of reference/target catchments with different base flow regimes, SPED outperforms a model calibrated only to maximize efficiency (NSE of 0.54 versus 0.08). SPED performs consistently (NSE range: 0.54–0.74) across the diverse climatological and physiographic settings tested and proves comparable to state-of-the-science methods that use robust data networks.  相似文献   

The influence of sampling design on spatial data quality in a geographic citizen science project     

Greg Brown  Jonathan Rhodes  Daniel Lunney  Ross Goldingay  Kelly Fielding  Nicole Garofano  Scott Hetherington  Marama Hopkins  Jo Green  Skye McNamara  Angie Brace  Lorraine Vass  Linda Swankie  Clive McAlpine 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(6):1184-1203

Geographic citizen science has much potential to assist in wildlife research and conservation, but the quality of observation data is a key concern. We examined the effects of sampling design on the quality of spatial data collected for a koala citizen science project in Australia. Data were collected from three samples—volunteers (n = 454), an Internet panel (n = 103), and landowners (n = 35)—to assess spatial data quality, a dimension of citizen science projects rarely considered. The locational accuracy of koala observations among the samples was similar when benchmarked against authoritative data (i.e., an expert‐derived koala distribution model), but there were differences in the quantity of data generated. Fewer koala location data were generated per participant by the Internet panel sample than the volunteer or landowner samples. Spatial preferences for land uses affecting koala conservation were also mapped, with landowners more likely to map locations for residential and tourism development and volunteers less likely. These spatial preferences have the potential to influence the social acceptability of future koala conservation proposals. With careful sampling design, both citizen observations and land use preferences can be included within the same project to augment scientific assessments and identify conservation opportunities and constraints.  相似文献   

Advancements in web‐mapping tools for land use and marine spatial planning     

Ainhoa Gonzlez  Christina Kelly  Anna Rymszewicz 《Transactions in GIS》2020,24(2):253-267

Land use and marine spatial planning processes are increasingly supported by systematic assessment techniques, particularly by multi‐criteria spatial analysis methods. This has been facilitated by the growing release and uptake of web‐mapping tools, which contribute to transparent, consistent, and informed planning processes and decisions. This article reviews the usability, functionality, and applicability of contemporary planning web‐mapping tools to identify the state‐of‐the‐art and future prospects. The review reveals that interfaces are increasingly available and intuitively applicable by non‐specialized users. Basic map navigation and data querying functionality is being expanded to incorporate advanced map‐making and online data geoprocessing capabilities that enable deriving new data and insights. However, the majority of published planning web tools are one‐off solutions, and a disconnect between research and practice is rendering many of these inaccessible or obsolete. Despite the significant progress made in advancing their provision in the last decade, there is a need for developing transferable interfaces that are maintained beyond project end dates, for them to effectively and consistently support planning processes.  相似文献   

Classification comparisons between dual-pol, compact polarimetric and quad-pol SAR imagery   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T.L. Ainsworth  J.P. Kelly  J.-S. Lee 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2009,64(5):464-471

We present a study of the polarimetric information content of dual-pol imaging modes and dual-pol imaging extended by polarimetric scattering models. We compare Wishart classifications both among the partial polarimetric datasets and against the full quad-pol dataset. Our emphasis is the inter-comparisons between the classification results based on dual-pol modes, compact polarimetric modes and scattering model extensions of the compact polarimetric modes. We primarily consider novel dual-pol modes, e.g. transmitting a circular polarization and receiving horizontal and vertical polarizations, and the pseudo-quad-pol data derived from polarimetric scattering models based on dual-pol data. We show that the overall classification accuracy of the pseudo-quad-pol data is essential the same as the classification accuracy obtained directly employing the underlying dual-pol imagery.  相似文献   

Place ‘From One Glance’: the use of place in the marketing of New Zealand and Australian wines     

Glenn Banks  Steven Kelly  Nicolas Lewis  Scott Sharpe 《The Australian geographer》2007,38(1):15-35

Associations between place and wine are historically deep. Past and current narratives of wine production are wedded to environment attributes of particular places, and in both the European and Australasian settings this has been codified by way of formal labelling requirements for the place of origin for wines. In this paper we explore the role of place references on the front labels of Australian and New Zealand wines through a small initial survey. The results reveal that the importance of place references is stronger for New Zealand wines. We argue that this reflects strongly the very different structures of the industries in the two countries, with the emphasis for New Zealand producers on high-quality wines for which origin statements are expected as opposed to the Australian focus on the production of bulk, value-driven wines dependent on the blending of wines across regions and places. This in turn has implications for the future development and marketing trajectories of the two industries.  相似文献