Differences in spawning time of captive Atlantic cod from four regions of Norway, kept under identical conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ottera  Hakon; Agnalt  Ann-Lisbeth; Jorstad  Knut E. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(2):216-223

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A comparison of three indices of fishing power on some demersal fisheries of the North Sea     

Marchal  Paul; Ulrich  Clara; Korsbrekke  Knut; Pastoors  Martin; Rackham  Brian 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2002,59(3):604-623

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Water balance investigations in Svalbard   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ånund Killingtveit  Lars-Evan Pettersson  Knut Sand 《Polar research》2003,22(2):161-174

This paper reviews and summarizes all known previous water balance studies in Svalbard. An updated water balance computation was then done for the three water catchments with the best data: Bayelva, De Geerdalen and Isdammen/Endalen for 10 hydrological years 1990-2001. The computations were based on the best available data and correction methods. Special emphasis was put on correction of precipitation data, both for catch errors and gradients in precipitation. Areal precipitation in the three catchments is more than two times the measured precipitation at the closest meteorological station: 548 mm/year in De Geerdalen, 486 mm/year in Endalen/Isdammen and 890 mm/year in Bayelva. Compared to this, average measured precipitation is only 199 mm/year at Svalbard Airport, close to Endalen/Isdammen and De Geerdalen, and 426 mm/year in Ny-Ålesund, close to Bayelva. Evaporation is not well understood in Svalbard; the best estimates indicate an average annual evaporation of ca. 80 mm/year from glacier-free areas, and no net evaporation from glaciers. Glacial mass balance has in general been negative in Svalbard during the last 40 years, leading to a significant contribution to the water balance, on the order of 450 mm/year on average. Annual runoff ranges from 545 mm in Endalen/Isdammen, 539 mm/year in De Geerdalen up to 1050 mm/year in Bayelva. Runoff computed from water balance compares well with observed runoff, and average error in water balance is less than ±30 mm/year in all three catchments.  相似文献   

Impregnation of organic lake sediments for palaeomagnetic measurements     

Reidar Løvlie  Knut Krzywinski  Johannes Kjøde 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1979,20(1):p22-p24

A procedure for impregnating high water-content sediments for palaeomagnetic measurements is described and applied to an organic lake sediment core. Comparison of results obtained by a standard sub-sampling procedure, and by the impregnation method, demonstrates a significant improvement in the scatter of the palaeomagnetic directions using the latter method.  相似文献   

Rb-Sr isotope systematics in metamorphic rocks,Kongsberg sector,south Norway     

Stein B. Jacobsen  Knut S. Heier 《Lithos》1978,11(4):257-276

Rb-Sr isotope data are presented for gneisses, migmatite neosome material and granitic and gabbroic intrusive rocks from the southern part of the Kongsberg sector, south Norway. The maximum age of the crust in this area appears to be ～1.6 AE. Two metamorphic episodes at ～1.5–1.6 AE and at ～1.1–1.2 AE are recognized. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios for the granitic rocks give evidence for reworking of sialic crust and indicate that approximately 1.6 AE old crust repeatedly acted as a source for granitic magmas for a timespan of ～0.5 AE.  相似文献   

Norwegian fishermen: Labour market behaviour and analysis     

Knut Heen 《Marine Policy》1988,12(4)

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Probabilistic foundation stability analysis     

Knut O. Ronold 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1990,14(4):279-296

A probabilistic model for stability analysis of a deepwater gravity-based platform foundation is defined, based on theory for wave loading in conjunction with conventional slip surface considerations. The model accounts for uncertainties in loading as well as in soil properties, and model uncertainties are also considered. The model is updated through in-service measurements of some of the governing variables, and measurement uncertainties are included. The practical application of the model is illustrated by presentation of calculations for a typical foundation. Probability calculations are performed by first-order reliability methods.  相似文献   

TERRANEWS     

Knut S. Heier 《地学学报》1991,3(1):3-5

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瞬态传热下冰的热力学过程及相变特性          下载免费PDF全文

陈晓东  王安良  Knut H&#  yland  季顺迎 《水科学进展》2018,29(4):557-567

冰水介质间的热传递过程广泛存在于海冰与冰川的生消演化中。对冰水间传热过程的研究有助于理解冰脊固结与冰川融化过程的内在机理。分别采用浸没试验与基于有限差分法的数值模型对热传递过程进行研究,并通过量纲分析对测试结果进行深入讨论。试验过程中分别采用不同初始温度与初始厚度的试样,并测试冰温与冰厚的变化情况。试验数据显示,在瞬态热传导过程中冰内存在明显的温度梯度,且在试验初期呈非线性分布而在中后期呈准线性分布。试样的平均温度表现出试验初期的快速升高与中后期的缓慢提升两个阶段。当试样具有较低初始温度或较高的厚度时需要更长的时间达到环境温度。冰厚的变化也同样出现快速增长与缓慢提升的两个阶段。当试样初始冰温较低或初始厚度较大时,冰厚增长量显著提高。分析结果表明,影响冰温变化的决定因素是由Fourier所表示的导热与内能之间的比值而非初始条件。冰厚的最终增长率则由表示相变的Stefan数与表示热对流的Biot数两者之间差值所决定。  相似文献   

Evaluation of storage–discharge relationships and recession analysis-based distributed hourly runoff simulation in large-scale,mountainous and snow-influenced catchment     

Teklu T. Hailegeorgis  Knut Alfredsen  Yisak S. Abdella  Sjur Kolberg 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(16):2872-2886

ABSTRACT

Evaluation of a recession-based “top-down” model for distributed hourly runoff simulation in macroscale mountainous catchments is rare in the literature. We evaluated such a model for a 3090 km² boreal catchment and its internal sub-catchments. The main research question is how the model performs when parameters are either estimated from streamflow recession or obtained by calibration. The model reproduced observed streamflow hydrographs (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency up to 0.83) and flow duration curves. Transferability of parameters to the sub-catchments validates the performance of the model, and indicates an opportunity for prediction in ungauged sites. However, the cases of parameter estimation and calibration excluding the effects of runoff routing underestimate peak flows. The lower end of the recession and the minimum length of recession segments included are the main sources of uncertainty for parameter estimation. Despite the small number of calibrated parameters, the model is susceptible to parameter uncertainty and identifiability problems.