An integrated assessment of INDCs under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways: an implementation of C<Superscript>3</Superscript>IAM     

Yi-Ming Wei  Rong Han  Qiao-Mei Liang  Bi-Ying Yu  Yun-Fei Yao  Mei-Mei Xue  Kun Zhang  Li-Jing Liu  Juan Peng  Pu Yang  Zhi-Fu Mi  Yun-Fei Du  Ce Wang  Jun-Jie Chang  Qian-Ru Yang  Zili Yang  Xueli Shi  Wei Xie  Changyi Liu  Zhongyu Ma  Jinxiao Tan  Weizheng Wang  Bao-Jun Tang  Yun-Fei Cao  Mingquan Wang  Jin-Wei Wang  Jia-Ning Kang  Ke Wang  Hua Liao 《Natural Hazards》2018,92(2):585-618

A series of global actions have been made to address climate change. As a recent developed climate policy, Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) have renewed attention to the importance of exploring temperature rise levels lower than 2 °C, in particular a long-term limit of 1.5 °C, compared to the preindustrial level. Nonetheless, achieving the 2 °C target under the current INDCs depends on dynamic socioeconomic development pathways. Therefore, this study conducts an integrated assessment of INDCs by taking into account different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). To that end, the CEEP-BIT research community develops the China’s Climate Change Integrated Assessment Model (C³IAM) to assess the climate change under SSPs in the context of with and without INDCs. Three SSPs, including “a green growth strategy” (SSP1), “a more middle-of-the-road development pattern” (SSP2) and “further fragmentation between regions” (SSP3) form the focus of this study. Results show that after considering INDCs, mitigation costs become very low and they have no evident positive changes in three SSPs. In 2100, a temperature rise would occur in SSP1-3, which is 3.20, 3.48 and 3.59 °C, respectively. There are long-term difficulties to keep warming well below 2 °C and pursue efforts toward 1.5 °C target even under INDCs. A drastic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is needed in order to mitigate potentially catastrophic climate change impacts. This work contributes on realizing the hard link between the earth and socioeconomic systems, as well as extending the economic models by coupling the global CGE model with the economic optimum growth model. In C³IAM, China’s energy consumption and emissions pattern are investigated and refined. This study can provide policy makers and the public a better understanding about pathways through which different scenarios could unfold toward 2100, highlights the real mitigation and adaption challenges faced by climate change and can lead to formulating effective policies.  相似文献   

Paleoproterozoic Nb-enriched meta-gabbros in the Quanji Massif,NW China:Implications for assembly of the Columbia supercontinent   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fan-Xi Liao  Neng-Song Chen  M.Santosh  Qin-Yan Wang  Song-Lin Gong  Chuan He  Hassan Abdelsalam Mustafa 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(2):577-590

Diverse models have been proposed for the role of the Tarim Craton within the Paleoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent assembly. Here we report a suite of-1.71 Ga Nb-enriched meta-gabbro lenses in the eastern Quanji Massif, within the Tarim Craton in NW China. The meta-gabbroic rocks have Nb contents of 11.5-16.4 ppm with Nb/La ratios varying from 0.84 to 1.02((Nb/La)_N = 0.81-0.98) and Nb/U ratios from 38.0 to 47.2. They show low SiO_2(45.1-48.5 wt.%) and MgO(5.96-6.81 wt.%) and Mg#(Mg# = Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 43.5-47.7), high FeO~t(13.0-15.7 wt.%) and moderate Ti02(1.70-2.51 wt.%).with tholeiitic affinities. These rocks possess low fractionated REE patterns without obvious Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu~* = 0.87-1.02). Their primitive mantle-normalized elements patterns display significant Zr-Hf troughs, positive Nb anomalies, weak negative Ti and P anomalies, and high contents of Rb and Ba,resembling Nb-enriched basalts generated in arc-related tectonic settings. Their arc-like geochemical signatures together with whole rock εNd(t) values of 0.4-2.1 and corresponding old T_(DM)(2.22-2.37 Ga)as well as(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_t and(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)t(t = 1712 Ma) values of 0.5104-0.5105 and 0.7030-0.7058,respectively, suggest that their precursor magma originated from mantle wedge peridotite metasomatised by subduction-derived melts. The results from our study reveal subduction along the eastern periphery of the Tarim Craton and marginal outgrowth continuing to ~1.7 Ga within the Columbia supercontinent.  相似文献   

Eocene Granitoids of the Okhotsk Granodiorite Complex (South Sakhalin)     

Alexandrov  I. A.  Liao  J.-P.  Jahn  B.-M.  Golozoubov  V. V.  Ivin  V. V.  Stepnova  Yu. A. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,483(2):1499-1503

Doklady Earth Sciences - As a result of U–Pb dating by LA-ICP-MS, the age of zircons from granitoids was determined to be 42.1–44.3 Ma for the rocks of first phase and 42.4–42.7...  相似文献   

Measuring precursory movements of the recent Xinmo landslide in Mao County,China with Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 datasets     

Jie Dong  Lu Zhang  Menghua Li  Yanghai Yu  Mingsheng Liao  Jianya Gong  Heng Luo 《Landslides》2018,15(1):135-144

The Xinmo landslide occurred in the early morning of 24 June 2017 at about 5:38 am local time. This catastrophic event caused enormous casualties and huge economic losses in Xinmo Village, Mao County, Sichuan Province, China. In this study, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) datasets acquired by X-band TerraSAR-X, Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR-2) aboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2), and C-band Sentinel-1 over the disaster area were collected and analyzed to characterize this landslide. The high-resolution TerraSAR-X intensity images were used to evaluate the landslide disaster and delineate the sliding area. Afterwards, two ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 image pairs and a stack of 45 Sentinel-1 images were processed to detect precursory movements of the landslide surface, using the conventional differential InSAR (DInSAR) method and advanced time series InSAR analysis. The unstable source area near the ridge was identified from the displacement rate map derived from Sentinel-1 datasets. The maximum displacement rate detected at the source area was ?35mm/year along the radar line of sight (LOS) direction. The time series of LOS displacements over 2 years presents an easily discerned seasonal evolution pattern. In particular, a sudden acceleration of the displacement, dozens of days before the collapse was clearly captured by the Sentinel-1 observations, which might suggest that early warning of landslide disasters is possible given the availability of operational SAR data acquired in frequent repeat-pass mode, such as the Sentinel-1 twin-satellite constellation.  相似文献   

南海西科1井上新世以来礁滩体系内部构成及其沉积模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

商志垒  孙志鹏  解习农  刘新宇  陆永潮  廖静  王永标  何云龙  黄莉 《地球科学》2015,40(4):697-710

通过对西科1井薄片进行鉴定, 对上新世以来莺歌海组和乐东组礁滩沉积体系的古生物种类、岩石微相类型及成因相类型进行了系统剖析.研究表明: 乐东组造礁生物以珊瑚和红藻为主, 莺歌海组以红藻为主.附礁生物主要包括有孔虫、棘皮类和绿藻, 其中有孔虫为最重要的附礁生物, 绿藻只在乐东组的个别层段极发育.根据生物种类及含量、泥晶、亮晶及粒间孔含量的大小关系, 识别出10种岩石微相.在此基础上, 将礁滩体系划分为生物礁、生屑滩和泻湖3种成因相组合.生物礁包括礁基、礁核和礁盖3种成因相, 其中礁盖可见显著的溶蚀现象, 形成粒内溶孔、铸模孔等次生孔隙.在研究井段仅发育礁后滩, 靠近礁核的礁后内侧滩生屑及粒间孔含量高, 而泥晶少; 靠近泻湖的礁后外侧滩则情况相反.泻湖主要沉积大量灰泥, 生屑含量少.礁滩体系仅在海侵体系域和高位体系域发育, 各成因相之间具有相对固定的成因相垂向叠置关系.海侵体系域主要发育退积型成因相组合序列, 准层序以代表海泛面的泥晶含量较高的成因相结束; 高位体系域主要发育进积型成因相组合序列, 多以对应暴露面的礁盖结束.   相似文献   

东天山东段四顶黑山一带早泥盆世岛弧花岗岩年龄、特征及构造意义     

施文翔  廖群安  李奇祥  张家新  张旺生 《新疆地质》2015,(1):21-26

对出露在东天山东段四顶黑山一带的早泥盆世花岗岩进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,结果为(414.0±3.5)Ma,属早泥盆世。其岩石组合为石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩,暗色矿物以角闪石为主,岩石Si O2变化范围较大(54.35%~75.18%)、低K2O/Na2O,高Mg O、Fe Ot、Ca O,A/CNK为0.73~1.11,δ为1.36~2.83,为准铝-偏铝质中低钾钙碱性系列,稀土元素具轻稀元素土较富集、重稀土元素较为平坦的右倾型分布模式,微量元素显示出富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素的特征,具明显的Nb,Ta负异常,总体具岛弧I型花岗岩特征,在构造环境判别图中均位于岛弧花岗岩区。值得注意的是,低硅端元样品具高Mg O、Mg#、Cr和Ni的特征,与高镁闪长岩特征相近;其余多数样品具高Sr,低Yb,Y,高Sr/Y的埃达克岩特征。高镁闪长质岩石和埃达克质岩石的共生,反映岩浆可能来自俯冲板片熔融的产物,源区可能为俯冲板片变质形成的榴闪岩或榴辉岩。该套花岗岩的厘定不仅证实东天山东段早泥盆世时期为岛弧构造环境,也限定了围岩大南湖组时代应早于早泥盆世早期。  相似文献   

山东夏甸金矿找矿地球化学模型与找矿标志     

张冠清  陈远荣  卢月玲  刘奕志  吴二  廖德好  林立保 《矿产与地质》2015,(2):225-230,236

夏甸矿区主要矿石类型为黄铁绢英岩型,是典型的蚀变岩型金矿,通过对其各类微量元素、有机烃气异常在不同中段的展布特征和轴向分带指数等进行分析总结,得出该矿床原生晕分带序列为:烃类组分、Hg、Sb(矿前缘),As(矿头),Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn(矿中),Co、Ni(矿尾),总结了地球化学找矿标志,为其深部以及其外围地区的找矿预测评价提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

南海深海平原柱状样QD189磁化率、非磁滞剩磁、粒度、碎屑矿物丰度之间的主要关系     

Zhang Jiangyong  Wang Zhimin  Liao Zhiliang  Wang Jinlian  Li Xiaosui 《地球科学进展》2015,30(9):1050-1062

磁学可能是南海深海平原古环境研究取得突破的关键方面之一。众多磁学参数中,磁化率是最基本、最综合反映沉积物磁性矿物总体状况的参数,非磁滞剩磁对单畴颗粒含量敏感,而且单畴颗粒是剩磁的主要携带者,结合粒度、碎屑矿物丰度等数据探索南海深海平原柱状样QD189磁化率和非磁滞剩磁地质含义。在磁化率大于45×10-5层位和481 cm以浅的磁化率小于45×10-5的层段,磁化率、2~5粒级含量、ARM和ARM@20m T变化一致性较好,2~5粒级软磁性多畴颗粒含量变化可能是这些层位磁化率变化的主要原因。在808~488 cm层段内,小于45×10-5的磁化率与2~5粒级含量、ARM和ARM@20m T变化总体上一致性较差,磁化率变化机制有待进一步研究。2~5粒级是QD189重要的较粗粒级组分,大体上以深度350 cm为界具有下层段含量较高且粒度变化大、上层段含量较低且粒度变化小的特点。ARM@20m T比ARM更加真实地表示QD189单畴颗粒含量,除了单畴颗粒外,9~12粒级假单畴、多畴颗粒矿物对665~48 cm层段的ARM可能有一定贡献,其中,层段548~310 cm的ARM中可能还有6~9粒级多畴颗粒的贡献。通过碎屑矿物丰度、火山玻璃丰度和(或)磁化率异常峰值的对应关系识别出6次火山活动,火山玻璃丰度的分布特点还揭示出QD189中普遍发生生物扰动作用。  相似文献   

Study of coastal wetland classification based on decision rules using ALOS AVNIR-2 images and ancillary geospatial data     

Yanan Jiang  Yong Wang  Mingsheng Liao  Lu Zhang 《国际地球制图》2015,30(10):1172-1188

Wetlands play irreplaceable key roles in ecological and environmental procedures. To make effective conservation and management, it is essential to understand the wetlands’ distribution and changes. In this study, an approach based on decision rules algorithm in conjunction with maximum likelihood classification is proposed for coastal wetland mapping using multi-temporal remotely sensed imagery and ancillary geospatial data. As a case study, Multi-temporal Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 images acquired by Japanese Advanced Land Observation Satellite are analysed to investigate the seasonal change pattern of coastal wetlands in Washington State, USA. Geospatial data, including Digital Elevation Model and spatial neighbourhood knowledge, are further integrated to characterize wetland features and discriminate classes within a certain elevation ranges. The final result is a refined coastal wetland map with 15 land cover categories. Preliminary evaluation of the final result shows that the proposed approach is effective in coastal wetland mapping.  相似文献   

盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum)群落对土壤盐分影响     

彭飞  黄翠华  廖杰  薛娴  王涛 《中国沙漠》2015,(1):90-93

近年来,地下水超采和不合理的灌溉方式导致民勤绿洲北部地区严重盐渍化。盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum)群落是高度盐渍化地区主要的盐生、旱生群落。采集盐爪爪群落下部以及群落间空地的土壤样品和盐爪爪植物样品,分析了盐爪爪群落对土壤盐分的影响。结果表明,随着与盐爪爪群落距离的增加,土壤盐分增加;这种空间变化主要发生在土壤表层(0~5cm);盐爪爪茎的盐分含量显著高于根和叶,与冠层下0~5cm土壤盐分接近、高于5~10cm土壤盐分;盐爪爪从土壤吸收的Na+、Cl-、和SO2-4主要存储于茎部,而Mg2+存储于叶部。  相似文献