杭州湾中部实测波浪特性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨斌  杨忠良  叶钦  张俊彪  施伟勇 《海洋工程》2018,36(3):96-103

利用杭州湾中部一年实测波浪资料,分析该地区的波参数统计变化特性,采用最小二乘法拟合得出相关参数之间的关系式,并统计分析了频谱特性。结果表明:杭州湾中部以小浪和轻浪为主,在各月分布较为均匀,年平均周期为2.97 s;最大一次波浪过程为冷空气影响所致,影响强度大于台风莫拉克;常浪向分布在东北至东南向,其中又以小浪出现较多,对应的波周期以2~4 s为主;强浪向主要分布在西北和东北方向,对应的波周期主要分布在3~5 s;多数特征波参数之间相关关系较好;由谱分析得知风浪占多数,且以单峰为主。研究结果可为相关工程和理论研究提供基础资料。  相似文献   

Preprocessing photospheric vector magnetograms for nonlinear force-free field extrapolation of the global corona     

Ai-Ying Duan  Huai Zhang 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2018,(7)

Nonlinear force-free magnetic field(NLFFF) extrapolation based on the observed photospheric magnetic field is the most important method to obtain the coronal magnetic field nowadays.However, raw photospheric magnetograms contain magnetic forces and small-scale noises, and fail to be consistent with the force-free assumption of NLFFF models. The procedure for removing the forces and noises in observed data is called preprocessing. In this paper, we extend the preprocessing code of Jiang Feng to spherical coordinates for a full sphere. We first smooth the observed data with Gaussian smoothing, and then split the smoothed magnetic field into a potential field and a non-potential field.The potential part is computed by a numerical potential field model, and the non-potential part is preprocessed using an optimization method to minimize the magnetic forces and magnetic torques. Applying the code to synoptic charts of the vector magnetic field from SDO/HMI, we find it can effectively reduce the noises and forces, and improve the quality of data for a better input which will be used for NLFFF extrapolations applied to the global corona.  相似文献   

Walking Access Distance of Metro Passengers and Relationship with Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Nanjing Metro     

Jinliao He  Ruozhu Zhang  Xianjin Huang  Guangliang Xi 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(4):612-623

In the metropolises of China, the metro plays an increasingly important role in commuting because of its efficiency, affordability, and cleanliness. This paper attempts to explore the relationship between walking access distance to metro stations and the demographic characteristics of passengers, such as age, monthly income, travel frequency, gender, and travel purpose, as well as the influence of the urban context. Nanjing Metro Line 2 is selected as the case study. By using different methods such as a questionnaire survey, spatial decay function, analysis of covariance (ANOVA), network analysis of routes, and K-means cluster analysis, it is suggested that demographic characteristics have a significant impact on the pedestrian walking distance, with the exception of gender. Furthermore, the paper finds a spatial decay effect in walking access distance, the decay rate of which, however, varies across stations. Terminal stations have a larger pedestrian catchment area than in regular and exchange stations. Moreover, the passengers of Nanjing Metro Line 2 can be classified into six groups according to their demographic characteristics, among which education and occupation are vital indicators in determining their willingness to walk to the stations. Middle-class passengers have a higher dependence on the metro and tend to walk longer than other groups do. This study provides an important reference for planners and transport sectors to optimize land-use and transport infrastructures.  相似文献   

烟台市地质灾害发育现状及影响因素分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

袁芳  杨艳  张生海  殷焘 《山东国土资源》2018,34(12)

2016年山东省开展各市地质灾害排查工作,烟台市作为地质灾害较发育区,是该次排查重点工作区之一。该文以现状调查为基础,查明了烟台市共发育471处地质灾害隐患点,地质灾害规模以小型为主,主要类型为崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、采空塌陷和岩溶塌陷,其中崩塌隐患点占地质灾害总数的68%,数量最多,其次为泥石流和采空塌陷,各占总数的15%和14%,滑坡数量最少,仅占总数的1%,并介绍了各类地质灾害分布特征。在此基础上,对地质灾害的主要影响因素——地形地貌、岩土体类型、地质构造、降水和人类工程活动等进行了分析。最后提出了在进行工程建设活动的同时重视其引发的地质灾害问题,以减少和预防其带来的次生地质灾害。  相似文献   

Regional Characteristics and Causes of Haze Events in Northeast China     

Weiwei Chen  Shichun Zhang  Quansong Tong  Xuelei Zhang  Hongmei Zhao  Siqi Ma  Aijun Xiu  Yuexin He 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(5):836-850

Northeast China experiences severe atmospheric pollution, with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes. However, the underlying forces driving haze formation during different seasons are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal characteristics and causes of haze events in Northeast China by combining a range of data sources(i.e., ground monitoring, satellite-based products, and meteorological products). It was found that the ‘Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin(SCH)'city belt was the most polluted area in the region on an annual scale. The spatial distribution of air quality index(AQI) values had a clear seasonality, with the worst pollution occurring in winter, an approximately oval-shaped polluted area around western Jilin Province in spring, and the best air quality occurring in summer and most of the autumn. The three periods that typically experienced intense haze events were Period I from mid-October to mid-November(i.e., late autumn and early winter), Period II from late-December to February(i.e., the coldest time in winter), and Period III from April to mid-May(i.e., spring). During Period I, strong PM_(2.5) emissions from seasonal crop residue burning and coal burning for winter heating were the dominant reasons for the occurrence of extreme haze events(AQI 300). Period II had frequent heavy haze events(200 AQI 300) in the coldest months of January and February, which were due to high PM_(2.5) emissions from coal burning and vehicle fuel consumption, a lower atmospheric boundary layer, and stagnant atmospheric conditions. Haze events in Period III, with high PM_(10) concentrations, were primarily caused by the regional transportation of windblown dust from degraded grassland in central Inner Mongolia and bare soil in western Jilin Province. Local agricultural tilling could also release PM_(10) and enhance the levels of windblown dust from tilled soil. Better control of coal burning, fuel consumption, and crop residue burning in winter and autumn is urgently needed to address the haze problem in Northeast China.  相似文献   

非线性波消波及波场分布研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王巧莎  李明海 《海洋科学》2018,42(6):30-38

本文基于雷诺平均N-S方程,并结合RNG k-e方程建立了粘性数值波浪水槽,对不同波陡、不同相对水深、不同相对波高的非线性规则波的阻尼消波问题和波场分布进行研究。文中提出了两种描述消波区内部阻尼变化的阻尼函数,分别适用于小波陡情形和高波陡情形。研究结果表明,小波陡组消波区可设为一个波长,阻尼系数取10~4～10~5即可满足消波要求,计算结果与实验结果及造波理论吻合良好;高波陡组消波区可设为两个波长,阻尼系数取10~4～10~5亦可满足消波要求,计算结果与实验结果吻合良好。此外,当波陡较小时,波场内反射情况的小幅改变即可对整个波场造成影响,特别是当水深较浅时这种影响极为明显,需谨慎考虑。当波陡较大时,水波能量较高,整个波场沿水波传播方向可观测到明显的衰减现象,在具体试验中需进行考虑。  相似文献   

Soil and Vegetation Spectral Coupling Difference (SVSCD) for Minerals Extraction from Hyperion Data in Vegetation Covered Area     

Shengbo Chen  Shuang Huang  Yanli Liu  Chao Zhou 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(6):957-972

Remote sensing data have been widely applied to extract minerals in geologic exploration, however, in areas covered by vegetation, extracted mineral information has mostly been small targets bearing little information. In this paper, we present a new method for mineral extraction aimed at solving the difficulty of mineral identification in vegetation covered areas. The method selected six sets of spectral difference coupling between soil and plant (SVSCD). These sets have the same vegetation spectra reflectance and a maximum different reflectance of soil and mineral spectra from Hyperion image based on spectral reflectance characteristics of measured spectra. The central wavelengths of the six, selected band pairs were 2314 and 701 nm, 1699 and 721 nm, 1336 and 742 nm, 2203 and 681 nm, 2183 and 671 nm, and 2072 and 548 nm. Each data set’s reflectance was used to calculate the difference value. After band difference calculation, vegetation information was suppressed and mineral abnormal information was enhanced compared to the scatter plot of original band. Six spectral difference couplings, after vegetation inhibition, were arranged in a new data set that requires two components that have the largest eigenvalue difference from principal component analysis (PCA). The spatial geometric structure features of PC1 and PC2 was used to identify altered minerals by spectral feature fitting (SFF). The collecting rocks from the 10 points that were selected in the concentration of mineral extraction were analyzed under a high-resolution microscope to identify metal minerals and nonmetallic minerals. Results indicated that the extracted minerals were well matched with the verified samples, especially with the sample 2, 4, 5 and 8. It demonstrated that the method can effectively detect altered minerals in vegetation covered area in Hyperion image.  相似文献   

On the electron density diagnostics of silicon <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">viii</Emphasis> ion in solar transition region     

Jian He  Qingguo Zhang 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2018,363(9):194

The conditions for accurate electron density diagnostics in the solar transition region are discussed, and result shows that lines from Si?viii can provide an excellent tool for electron density diagnostics of the emitting plasma. For the Si?viii 1440.50 Å and 1445.75 Å lines, the principle of the electron density diagnostics is discussed for any intensity ratio. By the observed intensity ratio, the diagnostic results of the electron density for the quiet sun and the active region are calculated, and results indicate that in the quiet sun, the averaged electron density is \(\log (N_{e}) = 8.63\); while in the active region, the averaged density gets the maximum \(\log (N_{e}) = 8.86\) in the active region (B), and gets the minimum \(\log (N_{e}) = 8.38\) in the active region (E), where the electron density is in the unit of cm^?3. Finally, the relationship of intensity ratio and electron density is discussed, in the case of lower and higher electron density limits. This discussion is significant in the electron density diagnostics, which will be important for study on coronal heating and acceleration of solar wind.  相似文献   

基于分布式控制力矩陀螺的水下航行器轨迹跟踪控制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄道敏  徐瑞昆  唐国元  冯雷  刘智  徐国华 《海洋工程》2018,36(6):69-76

基于控制力矩陀螺群(CMGs)的水下航行器具有低速或零速机动的能力。采用基于分布式CMGs的水下航行器方案,并研究其水平面的轨迹跟踪控制问题。通过全局微分同胚变换将非完全对称的动力学模型解耦成标准欠驱动控制模型,并根据简化的模型构建其轨迹跟踪的误差动力学模型,将轨迹跟踪控制问题转化为误差模型镇定问题。基于一种分流神经元模型和反步法设计了系统的轨迹跟踪控制律,该控制器不需要对任何虚拟控制输入进行求导计算,且能确保跟踪误差的最终一致有界性。仿真结果表明该控制器能够实现在不依赖动力学参数先验知识的情况下对光滑轨迹的有效跟踪。  相似文献   

山东省地面沉降监测与防治工作进展          下载免费PDF全文

张永伟  邵明  肖敏 《山东国土资源》2018,34(8)

近年来,山东省地面沉降监测与防治工作取得了重要进展,初步建立了以二等水准路线、全球定位系统(GPS)、基岩标分层标和地下水监测为基础的"四网合一"地面沉降监测体系,INSAR监测实现了山东全省覆盖。监测成果显示,山东省地面沉降主要位于东营市广饶县、滨州市博兴县、聊城市茌平县,沉降速率呈加快趋势,造成建筑物地基下沉、房屋开裂、地下管道破损等一系列地质环境问题。  相似文献