Climate change and plague history in Europe     

Ricci P. H. Yue  Harry F. Lee 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(2):163-177

Previous research that reported the linkage between climate change and plague activity primarily refers to the immediate effect of short-term climatic variation. Yet, decades of discussion about the climate-plague association cannot determine the precise role of climate in shaping plague dynamics. One reason for this discrepancy originates from the narrow selection of spatio-temporal settings for comprehensive analysis of the correlation, leading to a limited consideration of the complexity of possible dynamics. By analyzing a 414-year long record of plague outbreak in pre-industrial Europe and the corresponding climatic data in multi-scale, we find little evidence to support climate-plague correlation in (1) both climatic variations and large-scale climatic phenomena, (2) both country scale and continental scale, (3) annual to inter-annual scale, and (4) both linear and non-linear analytic approaches. The null-result should not be viewed as a general rejection of other recent findings related to climate-plague association; nevertheless, it suggests that a wider consideration of scales, sensitivity checks and consideration of contexts should be included in explaining and predicting plague transmission under contemporary global climate conditions.  相似文献   

The far-infrared–radio relationship at high and low redshift     

Catherine Vlahakis  Stephen Eales  Loretta Dunne 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,379(3):1042-1048

We use the results of the SCUBA Local Universe Galaxy Survey, a submillimetre (submm) survey of galaxies in the nearby Universe, to investigate the relationship between the far-infrared (FIR)–submm and radio emission of galaxies at both low and high redshift. At low redshift we show that the correlation between radio and FIR emission is much stronger than the correlation between radio and submm emission, which is evidence that massive stars are the source of both the FIR and radio emission. At high redshift we show that the submm sources detected by SCUBA are brighter sources of radio emission than are predicted from the properties of galaxies in the local Universe. We discuss possible reasons for the cosmic evolution of the relationship between radio and FIR emission.  相似文献   

First results from the Australia Telescope Compact Array 18-GHz pilot survey     

Roberto Ricci  Elaine M. Sadler  Ronald D. Ekers  Lister Staveley–Smith  Warwick E. Wilson  Michael J. Kesteven  Ravi Subrahmanyan  Mark A. Walker  Carole A. Jackson  Gianfranco De Zotti 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,354(1):305-320

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Sustainable livelihoods approaches to inform government‐local partnerships and decision‐making in vulnerable environments     

Peter Edwards  Lisa Sharma‐Wallace  Tim Barnard  Sandra J. Velarde  Tui Warmenhoven  Gerard Fitzgerald  Duncan Harrison  Loretta Garrett  Tina Porou  Pia Pohatu 《New Zealand geographer》2019,75(2):63-73

Sustainable livelihoods approaches used in international development are applied to a vulnerable New Zealand catchment. The Waiapu Catchment has a high proportion of indigenous residents, and is one of the most remote and deprived areas in the country. Linear and centralised approaches to indigenous development have failed to bring about desired changes. We identify “capitals” (social, human/political, physical, natural, financial and cultural) present in the catchment. From this assessment, we propose capital‐based holistic approaches to bring about community‐led change. The assessment and resulting approaches can be used in other vulnerable environments around the world.  相似文献   

Influence of various factors on the difference in the liquid limit values determined by Casagrande’s and fall cone method     

Anil Kumar Mishra  Masami Ohtsubo  Loretta Y. Li  Takahiro Higashi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(1):21-27

As there are many correlations linking the liquid limit directly or indirectly with various engineering properties of the soil, the accurate determination of the liquid limit is quite essential. Generally, two methods, i.e. Casagrande’s and fall cone are adopted to determine the liquid limit of soil. Research was carried out to study the influence of the properties of bentonite and the presence of the salt solution on the liquid limit values of soil-bentonite mixtures determined by the Casagrande’s and fall cone methods. The results showed that irrespective of the presence of the type of bentonite or salt solution, a higher value of the liquid limit was obtained by the Casagrande’s method as compared to the fall cone method. However, the difference between the two methods decreased with the decrease in the liquid limit, clay fraction, specific surface area and free swelling capacity of the bentonite present in the mixture. Similarly, the difference in the liquid limit values obtained by both these methods is reduced with an increase in the salt concentration.  相似文献   

The heavy element mixture and the stellar cluster age     

S. Degl‘Innocenti  P. G. Prada Moroni  B. Ricci 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,305(1):67-72

Recent analyses of solar spectroscopic data (see Asplund, Grevesse & Sauval 2005 and references therein) suggest a significative variation of the heavy element abundance. The change of the heavy mixture might affect the determination of the cluster ages for two different reasons: the change of theoretical isochrones at fixed metallicity and the variation of the inferred cluster metallicity from the observed [Fe/H]. The first point is analyzed discussing the effects of updating the metal distribution on theoretical evolutionary tracks and isochrones for metallicities suitable for the galactic globular and open clusters and for the bulk population of the Large Magellanic Clouds. The maximum variation of the estimated age is of the order of 10%. The second point is addressed by comparing present theoretical predictions with the very precise observational data of the Hyades cluster from the Hypparcos satellite.  相似文献   

Geo-Neutrinos: from Theory to the KamLAND Results     

Giovanni Fiorentini  Marcello Lissia  Fabio Mantovani  Barbara Ricci 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2006,99(1-4):91-110

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Iron needles in supernova remnants?     

Haley L. Gomez  Loretta Dunne  Stephen A. Eales  Edward L. Gomez  Michael G. Edmunds 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,361(3):1012-1014

It has been suggested by Dwek that iron needles could explain the submillimetre emission from the Cas A supernova remnant (SNR) with only a very small total mass. We investigate whether a similar model holds for the Kepler SNR, and find that its emission could indeed be explained by a dust mass of less than  10⁻² M_⊙  , dependent on the axial ratio l / a of the needles – which we constrain to be less than 700. But the implied needle model for Kepler is inconsistent with that suggested for Cas A since either the needles would have to have a resistivity one or two orders of magnitude greater than those in Cas A or the electron density in Kepler's shocked plasma must be 40 times greater than suggested by X-ray observations. An additional problem with the needle model is that the implied thickness of the needles seems to be implausibly small, if the emission properties are calculated under the usual approximations.  相似文献   

The SCUBA Local Universe Galaxy Survey – II. 450-μm data: evidence for cold dust in bright IRAS galaxies     

Loretta Dunne  Stephen A. Eales 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,327(3):697-714

This is the second in a series of papers presenting results from the SCUBA Local Universe Galaxy Survey. In our first paper we provided 850-μm flux densities for 104 galaxies selected from the IRAS Bright Galaxy Sample and we found that the 60-, 100-μm ( IRAS ) and 850-μm (SCUBA) fluxes could be adequately fitted by emission from dust at a single temperature. In this paper we present 450-μm data for the galaxies. With the new data, the spectral energy distributions of the galaxies can no longer be fitted with an isothermal dust model – two temperature components are now required. Using our 450-μm data and fluxes from the literature, we find that the 450/850-μm flux ratio for the galaxies is remarkably constant, and this holds from objects in which the star formation rate is similar to our own Galaxy, to ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) such as Arp 220. The only possible explanation for this is if the dust emissivity index for all of the galaxies is ∼2 and the cold dust component has a similar temperature in all galaxies     . The 60-μm luminosities of the galaxies were found to depend on both the dust mass and the relative amount of energy in the warm component, with a tendency for the temperature effects to dominate at the highest L ₆₀. The dust masses estimated using the new temperatures are higher by a factor of ∼2 than those determined previously using a single temperature. This brings the gas-to-dust ratios of the IRAS galaxies into agreement with those of the Milky Way and other spiral galaxies which have been intensively studied in the submm.  相似文献   

Influence of infill distribution and design typology on seismic performance of low- and mid-rise RC buildings     

Paolo Ricci  Maria Teresa De Risi  Gerardo Mario Verderame  Gaetano Manfredi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2013,11(5):1585-1616

A growing attention has been addressed to the influence of infills on the seismic behavior of Reinforced Concrete buildings, also supported by the observation of damage to infilled RC buildings after severe earthquakes (e.g. L’Aquila 2009, Lorca 2011). In this paper, a numerical investigation on the influence of infills on the seismic behavior of four different case study buildings is carried out: four- and eight-storey buildings, designed for seismic loads according to the current Italian technical code or for gravity loads only according to an obsolete technical code, are considered. Seismic capacity at two Limit States (Damage Limitation and Near Collapse) is assessed through static push-over analyses, within the N2 spectral assessment framework. Different infill configurations are considered (Bare, Uniformly Infilled, Pilotis), and a sensitivity analysis is carried out, thus evaluating the influence of main material and capacity parameters on seismic response, depending on the number of storeys and the design typology. Fragility curves are obtained, through the application of a Response Surface Method. Seismic performance is also expressed in terms of failure probability, given a reference time period.  相似文献