超富营养城市湖泊原位生态修复效果分析——以武汉南湖为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张苗  李明梦  刘律  李忠超  苗滕  余业鑫  赵永晶  李艳  王海军  王洪铸 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(6):1399-1407

城市湖泊普遍面临富营养化问题,许多湖泊甚至处于超富营养状态。鉴于其在供水、气候调节、景观提升等方面的重要作用,以水质提升为目标的生态修复对于恢复湖泊生态功能、提升城市景观等具有重要意义。文章以超富营养城市湖泊——武汉南湖为例,尝试通过围隔构建、鱼类清除、水生植被重建等生态措施改善示范区水质,探究超富营养湖泊生态修复技术。于2019年8月至12月在示范区进行实验。结果表明：（1）示范区修复措施实施后,挺水植物植株高度显著增加（P<0.01）,芦苇平均株高由0.7 m增加至1.2 m,香蒲的新生叶片在种植后50 d高达1.4 m,二者在种植后90 d,覆盖率均由种植时的10%上升至70%;（2）示范区内透明度由修复前的0.26 m上升至0.77 m,显著高于外湖区（0.26 m）（P<0.01）;（3）示范区内浮游藻类叶绿素a（chl a）由修复前38.90 μg/L降低至3.41 μg/L,显著低于外湖区（101.91μg/L）（P<0.01）;（4）示范区总氮（TN）由4.78 mg/L降低至2.60 mg/L,总磷（TP）由0.76 mg/L降低至0.08 mg/L,二者均略低于外湖区,但均不显著（P>0.05）。总体来看,经过一系列修复措施后,示范区内水生植被得到很好的恢复,水质条件得到一定的改善：透明度提升较多,chl a下降明显。氮、磷等营养水平虽然也有所降低,但与外湖区差异不大,可能是沉积物内源营养释放导致。研究表明,围隔构建、鱼类清除、水生植被重建等生态修复措施虽然可在一定程度上改善富营养湖泊水质状况,但未能有效控制内源负荷,仍需采取底质改良措施以达到降低水体营养含量的目的。相关研究结果可为城市超富营养湖泊生态修复及水质提升提供一定的借鉴。  相似文献   

Organochlorine pesticides in soil and air at and around a compound contaminated site: vertical distribution,soil–air exchange and risk evaluation     

Fang  Yanyan  Nie  Zhiqiang  Die  Qingqi  Tian  Yajun  Liu  Feng  He  Jie  Huang  Qifei 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(4):1179-1188

The control of soil pollution in China has become an issue, and in this study, a compound contaminated site was selected and focus on the site and its nearby environment, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated in both soil (top and deep soil) and air samples. The main pollutants in top soils at site are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs, 0.05–104 mg/kg d.w., avg: 14.5 mg/kg d.w.) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB, 0.02–4.85 mg/kg d.w., avg: 0.72 mg/kg d.w.) which is in accordance with its production history. As for the deep soils, ΣOCPs at site were found concentrated at workshops especially the technical pesticide workshop (5.29–22.1 mg/kg d.w., avg: 9.15 mg/kg d.w.) and the history DDTs’ workshop (4.00–64.8 mg/kg d.w., avg: 20.4 mg/kg d.w). Around site, OCPs were mainly concentrated at layers of −20 cm and the −40 cm and decreased with distance being far away, at 5000 m, the ΣOCPs was comparable with normal agriculture soil (22.1−91.4 ng/g d.w., avg: 55.4 ng/g d.w.). ΣOCPs in the air samples ranged 64.6–823 ng/m³ (avg: 459 ng/m³) at site and 9.93–176 ng/m³ (avg: 50.8 ng/m³) around site which are all dominated with DDTs and HCHs. Soil–air exchange fugacity was calculated to judge the transportation of the OCPs and the results showed soils at the site and its nearby areas (within 5000 m) are releasing most of the OCPs into air, and accordingly through evaluation, inhalation was found to be the major source for human health risk, which is a great threat to the workers at site and the nearby residents.

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The Existence and Significance of Two Kinds of Effective Reservoirs in Deep Water Area of the Western Qaidam Basin     

SHI Yajun  XU Li  HUANG Chenggang  WANG Liqun  MA Xinming 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(5):1726-1727

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非传统稳定同位素分析技术要点     

白江昊  刘芳  张兆峰  安亚军  李欣  薛永丽  徐玉明 《地学前缘》2020,27(3):1-13

高精度高质量的同位素分析技术是开展非传统稳定同位素地球化学工作的前提。同位素分析是不断提取样品真实信息的过程,包括样品制备、化学分离、质谱测定和数据处理4个基本步骤。在同位素分析过程中,每一环节都有可能引入空白或者污染,或造成同位素分馏,引发信息“失真”。为了准确获得样品的真实同位素组成,必须有效避免污染并精准校正在分析过程中可能的干扰。以Ca同位素为例,在总结前人工作的基础上,探讨了各个步骤所涉及的分析要点,为建立其他同位素体系的分析方法提供参考,为后续储库探讨、机理解析及应用研究提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

山东及邻区地震重新定位及其与活动构造的关系     

李霞  刘希强  李亚军  董晓娜  张慧峰 《中国地震研究》2013,27(4):512-526

Earthquakes taking place from 1975 to 2010 in and around Shandong Province are relocated using double-difference （HypoDD） and Hypoinvers 2000 （Hypo2000） methods, after correction of the onset times of seismic phases. The results show that the relocated seismicity is clearly associated with regional tectonics in space, and is also in agreement with the existence of deep faults imaged by wide-angle and deep seismic reflection profiling ; most of the focal depths are in the range of 5 - 25km, and there are clearly two predominant depths： 10km and 16km, which are inferred to be on the bottom of the upper crust and in the middle crust, respectively. The pattern of seismic activity indicates that moderate and strong earthquakes are likely to occur in the brittle-ductile transition zone between the upper and the lower crust, as the outcome of the deep tectonic dynamic process and the movement and deformation of faults in the upper and shallow crust under the regional stress field.  相似文献   

A high-precision time–frequency analysis for thin hydrocarbon reservoir identification based on synchroextracting generalized S-transform     

Ying Hu  Hui Chen  Hongyan Qian  Xinyue Zhou  Yuanjun Wang  Bin Lyu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(3):941-954

Improving the seismic time–frequency resolution is a crucial step for identifying thin reservoirs. In this paper, we propose a new high-precision time–frequency analysis algorithm, synchroextracting generalized S-transform, which exhibits superior performance at characterizing reservoirs and detecting hydrocarbons. This method first calculates time–frequency spectra using generalized S-transform; then, it squeezes all but the most smeared time–frequency coefficients into the instantaneous frequency trajectory and finally obtains highly accurate and energy-concentrated time–frequency spectra. We precisely deduce the mathematical formula of the synchroextracting generalized S-transform. Synthetic signal examples testify that this method can correctly decompose a signal and provide a better time–frequency representation. The results of a synthetic seismic signal and real seismic data demonstrate that this method can identify some reservoirs with thincknesses smaller than a quarter wavelength and can be successfully applied for hydrocarbon detection. In addition, examples of synthetic signals with different levels of Gaussian white noise show that this method can achieve better results under noisy conditions. Hence, the synchroextracting generalized S-transform has great application prospects and merits in seismic signal processing and interpretation.  相似文献   

包裹碎石桩加固的砂土液化机理试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

王晋宝  宋鑫彤  田美灵  王亚军 《地震工程学报》2019,41(1):76-85

通过分别开展包裹碎石桩加固、碎石桩加固以及未加固的饱和砂土液化振动台试验,对比分析不同加固类型下的抗液化性能,重点剖析包裹碎石桩加固的砂土液化机理。试验表明:振动加载过程中,包裹碎石桩始终保持桩体的完整性与良好的排水性能且其加固模型地基的总沉降量相较于未加固模型地基减少了50%,相较于碎石桩加固模型地基减少了31.8%。包裹碎石桩加固模型排出水量较未加固模型地基提高了33.3%,较碎石桩加固模型地基提高了16.6%;包裹碎石桩加固模型地基的超静孔压值下降显著且地基下层砂土出现未液化的现象;并进一步发现包裹碎石桩的排水加固作用沿土层竖向深度呈递增趋势。因此,可以发现包裹碎石桩加固砂土液化的抗震性能优于碎石桩。  相似文献   

黄河沙漠宽谷段水沙变化特征及驱动因素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

姚文艺  张晓华  高亚军  焦鹏 《中国沙漠》2017,37(2):361-371

根据定位观测、第一次全国水利普查、遥感影像解译的数据,利用MWP、双累计曲线、水土保持分析法、数学模拟等方法,分析了黄河上游水沙变化特征,评估了多元驱动因素对2000-2012年黄河下河沿-头道拐沙漠宽谷段水沙变化的贡献率。结果表明:与20世纪70年代以前的基准期相比,2000年以来径流量、输沙量同步减少,水沙关系也发生变化,单位径流量的输沙量明显减少;沙漠宽谷段径流量减幅沿程不断增加而输沙量减幅沿程变化不大,水沙年内分配较基准期发生倒置,来沙系数不断减小;灌区引水引沙、水土保持措施、水库拦沙、支流来水来沙、水库调蓄及河道冲淤是沙漠宽谷段水沙变化的主要影响因子;经济社会发展用水对沙漠宽谷段径流量减少的作用最大,贡献率为81%,其次是水库蓄泄量,占15%以上;水库拦沙对头道拐输沙量减少的贡献率最大,占41%,其次是支流水土保持措施,贡献率约占13%,入黄风沙减少的贡献率并不大,约为6%,而河道淤积量、灌区引沙量较基准期都是减少的,贡献率分别约为-41%和-8%;近10多年来降雨等自然因素对水沙变化的作用相对不大,起主要作用的是水库运用、水土保持、经济社会发展等人类活动因素。  相似文献   

内蒙古突泉县牤牛海地区超镁铁质岩地球化学及源区特征     

付俊彧  汪岩  钟辉  宋维民  孙巍  那福超  钱程  杨雅军  庞雪娇  江山 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,47(4)

内蒙古突泉县牤牛海地区发育超镁铁质岩,主要岩石类型为蛇纹石化橄榄岩、辉石橄榄岩、异剥辉石橄榄岩和蛇纹岩,局部蛇纹岩中可见显微鬣刺假象结构,包括蛇纹石呈假像的柱状中空骸晶结构、鱼骨状或羽状结构。岩石化学具有高镁(w(MgO)为33.63%~39.44%)、铬(2 200×10~(-6)~17 200×10~(-6))、镍(1 900×10~(-6)~3 000×10~(-6)),高CaO/Al_2O_3(0.56~39.01,平均为7.05),低钛(w(TiO_2)为0.01%~0.02%)、低铝(w(Al2O3)为0.03%~0.36%)、低碱(w(K_2O+Na_2O)为0.03%~0.65%)特征,类似科马提岩;Mg#值(平均为87)与纯橄榄岩(86)接近;稀土元素(w(∑REE)为0.32×10~(-6)~2.79×10~(-6))明显低于大洋脊含量,轻稀土富集(LREE/HREE为2.80~16.68),Eu正异常明显(δEu为0.59~4.84);微量元素富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、Sr,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、P等。说明超镁铁质岩石岩浆源自亏损软流圈地幔,并受到俯冲流体交代作用,形成于岛弧环境。牤牛海超镁铁质岩与西部包括突泉围场、好老鹿场、超日海乌拉、梅劳特乌拉、苏尼特左旗二道井一带超镁铁质岩共同构成一条近东西向展布的超镁铁质岩(蛇绿岩)带,通过地质建造分析,认为该构造带可能为华北板块与西伯利亚板块最终缝合带。  相似文献   

Experimental study on the instability mechanism of the major-defect fractured rock     

Yajun Xin  Mengyuan Li  Dingchao An  Hongying Ji  Jichun Kang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(14):311

Based on calculations of rock fracture surface and angle, incremental-load creep experiments were conducted on two groups of major-defect fractured rock specimens in an RLW-2000 rheology test system. The research investigated the fracture type and the creep properties of major-defect fractured rock and analyzed the relationships between failure load and horizontal or vertical projection distance, and between each of theme and fracture area or angle. The results showed that rock fracture was divided into three types according to the distribution, including I, II, and III types. I, II, and III types were respectively an internal fracture running through neither the upper nor lower end, one through the upper or lower end and one through both upper and lower ends, and a III type was further sub-divided into III_I and III_II types. The instantaneous strain was larger than the creep strain under the same creep loading stage. As the creep loading increased on two groups of major-defect fractured rock, the instantaneous strain decreased abruptly and then increased abruptly, while the creep strain decreased rapidly at first and later increased near-linearly. When the failure angle was larger than the friction angle, failure load was positively correlated with failure angle yet was negatively correlated with vertical projection distance. Vertical projection distance and fracture angle, which decided fracture type, controlled rock failure load. Failure load increased in turn from I type to III type, and low-type fracture determined mainly failure load in multiply-fracture specimen.  相似文献