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Soil freeze-thaw process is closely related to surface energy budget,hydrological activity,and terrestrial ecosystems.In this study,two numerical experiments(including and excluding soil freeze-thaw process)were designed to examine the effect of soil freeze-thaw process on surface hydrologic and thermal fluxes in frozen ground region in the Northern Hemisphere based on the state-of-the-art Community Earth System Model version 1.0.5.Results show that in response to soil freeze-thaw process,the area averaged soil temperature in the shallow layer(0.0175?0.0451 m)decreases by 0.35℃in the TP(Tibetan Plateau),0.69℃in CES(Central and Eastern Siberia),and 0.6℃in NA(North America)during summer,and increases by 1.93℃in the TP,2.28℃in CES and 1.61℃in NA during winter,respectively.Meanwhile,in response to soil freeze-thaw process,the area averaged soil liquid water content increases in summer and decrease in winter.For surface heat flux components,the ground heat flux is most significantly affected by the freeze-thaw process in both summer and winter,followed by sensible heat flux and latent heat flux in summer.In the TP area,the ground heat flux increases by 2.82 W/m2(28.5%)in summer and decreases by 3.63 W/m2(40%)in winter.Meanwhile,in CES,the ground heat flux increases by 1.89 W/m2(11.3%)in summer and decreases by 1.41 W/m2(18.6%)in winter.The heat fluxes in the Tibetan Plateau are more susceptible to the freeze-thaw process compared with the high-latitude frozen soil regions.Soil freeze-thaw process can induce significant warming in the Tibetan Plateau in winter.Also,this process induces significant cooling in high-latitude regions in summer.The frozen ground can prevent soil liquid water from infiltrating to deep soil layers at the beginning of thawing;however,as the frozen ground thaws continuously,the infiltration of the liquid water increases and the deep soil can store water like a sponge,accompanied by decreasing surface runoff.The influence of the soil freeze-thaw process on surface hydrologic and thermal fluxes varies seasonally and spatially. 相似文献
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地理学视角下的城市棕地研究综述与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
快速城市化背景下,城市棕地频现并已成为工业化与城镇化过程中的“毒瘤”。针对城市棕地研究空间视角缺乏和新型城镇化对老工业基地“改造更新与保护修复”的实践需要,在明确城市棕地基本概念和内涵的基础上,基于CiteSpace对2001~2017年Web of Science和CNKI期刊引文数据库中关于棕地研究的461篇英文和244篇中文文献,分析其发文数量、年度前沿热点、关键词、研究学科等知识图谱,梳理城市棕地空间识别方法、GIS空间数据库、评估体系、污染治理技术、景观规划设计、再利用机制及政策等方面的现有研究,提出地理学视角下的棕地再利用研究展望,即构建多学科交融的城市棕地研究框架、重视地理学视角下的棕地研究热点、完善统一的棕地概念体系、挖掘棕地空间识别方法及建立数据库、强化棕地再开发综合评价方法及指标体系构建、深入研究棕地再生模式与规划设计、注重典型城市和典型棕地再开发的实践研究。 相似文献
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长江河口下扁担沙水域最长连续不宜取水时间 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长江河口已建成陈行水库、青草沙水库和东风西沙水库，提供了约80%的上海用水。但随着社会和经济的发展，用水缺口仍然存在。下扁担沙位于南北港分汊口上游，大潮落潮期间滩涂露出。本文利用研究组长期研发和应用的长江河口盐水入侵三维数值模式，计算在1978-1979年特枯径流量条件下该水域的盐水入侵和连续最长不宜取水时间，了解下扁担沙水域能否作为备用水源地。本文采用2017年2月19日到3月1日北支8个站位的观测资料，结果表明表层和底层盐度模拟值和实测值之间相关系数、均方根误差和技术分数的平均值分别为0.85、1.82和0.82，模式计算盐度和实测值吻合良好，能较好地模拟长江河口盐水入侵。模式计算表明，下扁担沙模式输出点最长连续不宜取水时间为13.79 d，盐水入侵在大潮后期和大潮后中潮主要源自上游北支倒灌，小潮后中潮主要源自下游正面入侵，且前者影响比后者大。能取水时段就出现在小潮后中潮，淡水是南支上游南侧随落潮流平流过来的。下扁担沙水域的最长连续不宜取水时间远比青草沙水库和东风西沙水库的短，表明下扁担沙水域淡水资源远比南支上游和下游水域充足，是个极为优越的备用水源地。 相似文献
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为了揭示荆南三口地区水利工程与水系连通功能的定量关系，基于1954、1975、1990、2008和2016年5期的水利工程与水系连通功能的相关数据，运用集对分析和相关分析等方法，定量评价了水利工程对长江荆南三口水系连通功能的影响，结果表明：1）区内外水利工程与多年日均径流保证率、河道断流率、输沙效率的相关系数（R2）均＞0.5，皆达到显著性水平。2）自然功能3个模块的联系主值数基本呈下降趋势，但物质能量传递功能与生态维系功能下降尤为明显。1990年之前物质能量传递与生态维系功能处于一个较好的状态，1990年后这2项功能的等级已下降至“差”；社会功能3个模块的联系主值数的变化各不相同。洪涝防御功能一直处于上升状态，而水资源调配功能和水能与水运资源利用功能都在1954-1990年呈下降趋势，1990年后，水资源调配功能逐渐回升，水能与水运资源利用功能持续下降。3）1954-2008年自然功能等级和综合功能等级都有所下降，直到2016年才稍有回升，但升幅较小，等级较低；社会功能等级在1954-1990年较低，2008年以后回升，且明显高于自然功能等级。 相似文献
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Lihui?Lyu Yunsheng?DongEmail author Tianshu?Zhang Cheng?Liu Wenqing?Liu Zhouqing?Xie Yan?Xiang Yi?Zhang Zhenyi?Chen Guangqiang?Fan Leibo?Zhang Yang?Liu Yuchen?Shi Xiaowen?Shu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2018,32(1):60-68
We present mobile vehicle lidar observations in Tianjin, China during the spring, summer, and winter of 2016. Mobile observations were carried out along the city border road of Tianjin to obtain the vertical distribution characteristics of PM2.5. Hygroscopic growth was not considered since relative humidity was less than 60% during the observation experiments. PM2.5 profile was obtained with the linear regression equation between the particle extinction coefficient and PM2.5 mass concentration. In spring, the vertical distribution of PM2.5 exhibited a hierarchical structure. In addition to a layer of particles that gathered near the ground, a portion of particles floated at 0.6–2.5-km height. In summer and winter, the fine particles basically gathered below 1 km near the ground. In spring and summer, the concentration of fine particles in the south was higher than that in the north because of the influence of south wind. In winter, the distribution of fine particles was opposite to that measured during spring and summer. High concentrations of PM2.5 were observed in the rural areas of North Tianjin with a maximum of 350 μg m–3 on 13 December 2016. It is shown that industrial and ship emissions in spring and summer and coal combustion in winter were the major sources of fine particles that polluted Tianjin. The results provide insights into the mechanisms of haze formation and the effects of meteorological conditions during haze–fog pollution episodes in the Tianjin area. 相似文献
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基于创新“二分法”的中国装备制造业创新网络研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
从创新“二分法”的研究视角出发,研究知识学习（STI）和经验学习（DUI）对中国装备制造业创新网络构建的影响。研究表明：① 从网络结构看,DUI是装备制造业创新结网的主要方式,产业伙伴比知识伙伴更重要。② 从空间尺度看,STI和DUI的区域合作均重于本地合作;国家层面是中国装备制造业创新合作的最佳空间尺度。③ 从环境需求看,优化本地创新资源并不能有效增强网络创新能力。研究指出,培育DUI创新绝对优势、重视区域创新协同合作、推动符合产业创新特点的环境建设与制度安排将有助于中国装备制造业创新能力提升。 相似文献
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Soil is heterogeneous and has different thermal and hydraulic properties, causing varied behavior in heat and moisture transport. Therefore, soil has an important effect on land–atmosphere interactions. In this study, an improved soil parameterization scheme that considers gravel and organic matter in the soil was introduced into CLM4.5 (Community Land Model). By using data from the Zoige and Madoi sites on the Tibetan Plateau, the ability of the model to simultaneously simulate the duration of freeze–thaw periods, soil temperature, soil moisture, and surface energy during freeze–thaw processes, was validated. The results indicated that: (1) the new parameterization performed better in simulating the duration of the frozen, thawing, unfrozen, and freezing periods; (2) with the new scheme, the soil thermal conductivity values were decreased; (3) the new parameterization improved soil temperature simulation and effectively decreased cold biases; (4) the new parameterization scheme effectively decreased the dry biases of soil liquid water content during the freezing, completely frozen, and thawing periods, but increased the wet biases during the completely thawed period; and (5) the net radiation, latent heat flux, and soil surface heat flux of the Zoige and Madoi sites were much improved by the new organic matter and thermal conductivity parameterization. 相似文献
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